The American System of Criminal Justice International Edition, 13th Edition by George F – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

TEST BANK

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.In old England, when groups of families

agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and

bring violators to a court, this was called the

bobbies

frankpledge

commissioners

service

familia

ANS: B REF: 180 OBJ: 1

2.In 1285 England, what group of people

developed a system whereby people within

each community were chosen to apprehend

criminals?

Fielding Amendment

Metropolitan Police Act

Parish-Constable watch system

Progressives

Magna Carta

ANS: C REF: 180 OBJ: 1

3.In London, police commissioners named after

Sir Robert Peel were called

peelers

robbers

berts

bobbies

sir

ANS: D REF: 180 OBJ: 1

126Test Bank

4. Which historical era involved close ties

between the police and local leaders of

government?

The Political Era

The Professional Era

The Community Policing Era

The Reform Era

The Federalist Era

ANS: A REF: 182 OBJ: 1

5. The historical period of policing known

as the political era occurred between

1790-1820

1820-1840

1840-1920

1920-1970

1970-present

ANS: C REF: 182 OBJ: 1

6.The political era of policing was characterized by

civil service selection of officers

the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios

hiring of officers through connections to elected officials

urban riots

equal opportunity for minority officers

ANS: C REF: 182 OBJ: 1

7.Which historical era was influenced by the

Progressives?

The Political Era

The Professional Era

The Community Policing Era

The Reform Era

The Federalist Era

ANS: B REF: 184 OBJ: 1

8.Which of the following is NOT an element of the model

of professional policing?

laws should be enforced equally

the police force should use new technology

127Chapter 5: Police

the police force should be actively involved in politics

personnel procedures should be based on merit

the main task of the police should be fighting crime

ANS: C REF: 184 OBJ: 1

9. 10. Which of the following was a leading

advocate of professionalism within the

police force?

George Kelling

Catherine Coles

O. W. Wilson

Sir John Fielding

Sir Robert Peel

ANS: C REF: 184 OBJ: 1

The community-based model of policing

occurred between

1790-1820

1820-1840

1840-1920

1920-1970

1970-present

ANS: E REF: 186 OBJ: 1

11.In their article entitled “Broken

Windows: The Police and

Neighborhood Safety,” James Q.

Wilson and George Kelling argued that

police should work more on

the most significant problems such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act

the little problems such as maintaining order

ending corruption within the police force

being more involved with local political leaders

using the newest technologies to catch criminals

ANS: B REF: 186 OBJ: 3

128Test Bank

12. When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers,

and panhandlers, they are focusing on

quality-of-life crimes

quantity-of-arrest crimes

common law crimes

mens rea crimes

felonies

ANS: A REF: 187 OBJ: 3

13.Throughout the United States, police are

characterized by

fragmentation and a national orientation

consolidation and a national orientation

fragmentation and a local orientation

consolidation and a local orientation

none of these

ANS: C REF: 191 OBJ: 1

14. The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to

prominence under the leadership of

James Q. Wilson

Franklin Roosevelt

Sir Robert Peel

J. Edgar Hoover

Henry Fielding

ANS: D REF: 192 OBJ: 3

15. All but which of the following areas is a priority

of the FBI?

organized crime

Lesser value blue collar crime

terrorism

political corruption

foreign intelligence

ANS: B REF: 192 OBJ: 2

129Chapter 5: Police

16. A police function that is a broad mandate to

prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or

involves face-to-face conflict is called

law enforcement

order maintenance

service

departmental

community action

ANS: B REF: 199 OBJ: 3

130Test Bank

17.If police officers provide first aid, rescue

animals, or help the homeless, this is an

example of which police function?

law enforcement

order maintenance

service

departmental

community action

ANS: C REF: 201 OBJ: 3

18.According to public opinion polls,

which function is most important in the

minds of citizens?

law enforcement

order maintenance

service

departmental

community action

ANS: A REF: 201 OBJ: 3

19. Which of the following is TRUE concerning

police policy?

police have unlimited resources

officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers

decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested

police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters

none of these

ANS: C REF: 206 OBJ: 5

20.Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of

policing is marked by professionalism and

emphasis on law enforcement?

watchman

service

suburban

rural

131Chapter 5: Police

legalistic

ANS: E REF: 206 OBJ: 2

21. What is the highest level person or organization that

has a say over how police apply the law?

United States Supreme Court

police commissioners

United States attorney generals

supervising officers

the officer on the scene

ANS: E REF: 208 OBJ: 3

132Test Bank

22.Except when official action is mandated

by law, which of the following is TRUE

about the use of discretion by a police

officer?

the more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it

the closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable

the use of discretion

policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion

a suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer

the less serious a crime, the less freedom officers have to ignore it.

ANS: B REF: 209 OBJ: 6

23.Studies of police practices regarding

domestic violence that occurred before

the women’s movement found that

stopping violence against women was a high priority of police

police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands

most male police officers beat their wives

police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests

police intervened before violence ever occurred

ANS: B REF: 210 OBJ: 6

24. A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research is

make arrests in all cases

bring a marriage therapist to the scene of all family fights

make arrests only when the abuser has a prior record

remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter

trust that the couple will work it out on their own

ANS: A REF: 210 OBJ: 6

25.Highly publicized cases of women

receiving injuries in the presence of police

showed that

police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence

police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence

domestic violence should be handled privately

133Chapter 5: Police

domestic violence is not a serious problem in America

police officers may face lawsuits if they do not assist a victim of domestic violence

ANS: E REF: 210 OBJ: 6

26. Which of the following best describes the

relationship of police to minorities?

friendly

peaceful

cooperative

trustful

difficult

ANS: E REF: 214 OBJ: 7

134Test Bank

27. Which of the following constitute “special

populations”?

homeless

drug addicts

runaways

alcoholics

all of these

ANS: E REF: 213 OBJ: 7

28. Which of the following racial group(s)

views the police as treating racial groups

fairly?

whites

Hispanics

African-Americans

all of these

none of these

ANS: A REF: 215 OBJ: 7

29. The recognition that the control of crime

cannot rest solely with the police illustrates the

idea of

police abuse of power

community crime prevention

negative attitudes toward police

the increased role of victims in crime prevention

police neglect of their duties

ANS: B REF: 217 OBJ: 7

COMPLETION

1. The ____________________ system required that groups of ten families agree to uphold the

law.

ANS: frankpledge REF: 180 OBJ: 1

2. British police officers were called ____________________ after Sir Robert Peel.

ANS: bobbies REF: 180 OBJ: 1

135Chapter 5: Police

3. The ____________________ era of policing involved close ties between elected officials and

4. police.

ANS: political REF: 182 OBJ: 1

The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from

the political system.

ANS: Professional REF: 182 OBJ: 1

5. The theory that “little problems” can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is

called ____________________.

ANS: broken windows REF: 186 OBJ: 5

6. 7. The next era of policing will likely be focused on ____________________.

ANS: homeland security REF: 218 OBJ: 5

Every state except ____________________ has its own law enforcement agency.

ANS: Hawaii REF: 190 OBJ: 4

8. The FBI is located within the Department of ____________________.

ANS: Justice REF: 191 OBJ: 4

9. The Director of the FBI from 1924-1972 who was responsible for its prominence was

____________________.

ANS: J. Edgar Hoover REF: 192 OBJ: 4

10. The ____________________ is responsible for law enforcement in counties of the United

States.

ANS: sheriff REF: 196 OBJ: 4

11. The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called the

____________________ function.

ANS: service REF: 201 OBJ: 3

12. The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis

on law enforcement.

ANS: legalistic REF: 206 OBJ: 3

13. ____________________ officers have the most discretion.

ANS: Patrol REF: 206 OBJ: 6

136Test Bank

14. Prior to 1970, domestic violence was viewed as a ____________________ affair.

ANS: private REF: 211 OBJ: 6

15. The ____________ _____________ model focuses on serving the community rather than the

strict “crime fighting” philosophy of prior eras.

ANS: community policing REF: 188 OBJ: 7

TRUE/FALSE

1. England has no national police force.

ANS: T REF: 183 OBJ: 1

2. The United States has no national police force.

ANS: T REF: 180 OBJ: 1

3. The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition.

ANS: F REF: 179 OBJ: 1

4. United States marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order to the western

territories after the Civil War.

ANS: T REF: 184 OBJ: 1

5. The professional model of police argues that officers should use technology.

ANS: T REF: 184 OBJ: 1

6. During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle class

educated Americans.

ANS: T REF: 186 OBJ: 1

7. The political policing era relied heavily on patronage.

ANS: T REF: 186 OBJ: 1

8. Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate.

ANS: T REF: 186 OBJ: 1

9. The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes

solved.

ANS: F REF: 186 OBJ: 2

137Chapter 5: Police

10. Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing only on the most serious

crimes.

ANS: F REF: 186 OBJ: 2

11. Federal law enforcement agencies in the United States are part of the legislative branch.

ANS: F REF: 191 OBJ: 2

12. After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities include protecting the United States

from terrorist attack.

ANS: T REF: 214 OBJ: 2

13. Since September 11, 2001, United States law enforcement has decreased its presence in

foreign countries.

ANS: F REF: 214 OBJ: 2

14. Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal

autonomy within the United States.

ANS: T REF: 181 OBJ: 2

15. The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its

counterpart in the United States.

ANS: T REF: 195 OBJ: 2

16. Laws regulating disorderly conduct deal with clear-cut situations.

ANS: F REF: 199 OBJ: 2

17. When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping capture by

the police.

ANS: T REF: 195 OBJ: 2

18. Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service

function.

ANS: F REF: 206 OBJ: 5

19. The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.

ANS: F REF: 206 OBJ: 5

20. The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance.

ANS: T REF: 206 OBJ: 2

138Test Bank

21. Police officers have considerable discretion.

ANS: T REF: 206 OBJ: 6

22. Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter.

ANS: F REF: 211 OBJ: 6

23. The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income families.

ANS: T REF: 211 OBJ: 6

24. Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of

domestic violence again.

ANS: F REF: 212 OBJ: 6

25. Police policy regarding domestic violence has changed as a result of lawsuits filed against

police departments by injured women.

ANS: T REF: 212 OBJ: 6

ESSAY

1. Discuss two political values or social conditions that are currently shaping American

policing.

ANS: Students’ answers should reflect an understanding of citizen involvements,

budgetary constraints, advancements in technology, disparity treatment of minorities and

political changes impacting on police,

REF: 218 OBJ: 5

2. Which style of policing do you think is most likely to help reduce crime? Provide some

examples of how this style would reach this goal.

ANS: Students’ answers will vary but should reflect an understanding of watchman,

legalistic and service styles, as well as community involvement.

REF: 207 OBJ: 2

3. There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith in the

police than Caucasian citizens do. In your opinion, why do you think this difference has

occurred?

ANS: Students’ answers will vary but should reflect an understanding of the

sociological, statistical and economical impacts involved in minority citizens, especially

those in high crime areas.

REF: 209 OBJ: 7

139Chapter 5: Police

4. Explain two functions police perform in our American society and how the public perceives

their performances.

ANS: Answers will vary but students could address public service calls where the

public has positive feedback; traffic enforcement, where the public generally has negative

feedback; crime responsiveness, where the public has mixed review depending on their status

as victims; and/or public relations where the public ha positive feedback on programs such as

neighborhood watch support, bicycle safety awareness. Students may offer additional similar

examples

REF: 209 OBJ: 7

5. What problems are created by the existence of police discretion? Can police discretion be

controlled?

ANS: power.

Students’ answers should reflect an understanding of what discretion is, and how

constraints, styles of policing, community budget impacts, can affect that discretionary

REF: 208 OBJ: 6

6. How can advancements in technologies for both the citizen and police assist police in the

community?

ANS: Students’ answers should be original and address use of cell phones, Wi-Fi, and

possibly lethal and non-lethal technologies.

REF: 190 OBJ: 5

7. What impact do budgetary constraints have on community policing?

ANS: Students may have a wide variety of answers ranging from reduced manpower, hiring,

ratios of police to citizens in combatting crime, increases in crime rates and need for

community engagement.

REF: 201 OBJ: 7

140