Psychology Themes and Variations, Briefer Version 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten – Test Bank

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Chapter 5 Multiple-Choice Items

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations, and external stimuli is defined as

a. consciousness.

b. hypnosis.

c. sensation.

d. perception.

2. 3. 4. 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

The awareness of internal and external stimuli defines

a. wakefulness.

b. the unconscious.

c. consciousness.

d. alertness.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

The idea that one’s consciousness continually changes, fluctuates, and wanders characterizes William

James’s concept that consciousness is

a. an incomplete picture puzzle.

b. a partially submerged iceberg.

c. a stream.

d. a flower garden.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

If you could tape-record your thoughts, you would find

a. a system of hierarchically organized cognitions.

b. one central thought and multiple, related subsidiary thoughts.

c. an endless flow of ideas that constantly shifts and changes.

d. an organized system of parallel thoughts.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

The example of a new parent who sleeps through a loud thunderstorm, but wakes up the minute his

newborn infant begins to cry is used to illustrate that during sleep, there is

a. no awareness of external stimuli.

b. a selective awareness of external stimuli.

c. no awareness of either external or internal stimuli.

d. an awareness of all external stimuli.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

6. The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli, and your thoughts concerning

those stimuli, comprise your

a. attention.

b. unconsciousness.

1257. 8. 9. 10. 11. c. consciousness.

d. alertness.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

William James proposed the concept ____ to describe the continually changing aspect of

consciousness.

a. circadian consciousness

b. flow of consciousness

c. stream of unconsciousness

d. stream of consciousness

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

According to Sigmund Freud, conscious and unconscious processes are different

a. levels of reality.

b. levels of awareness.

c. streams of awareness.

d. streams of consciousness.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

Doctors and nurses try to “watch what they say” when performing surgery because

a. the concentration of other members of the surgical team is disrupted by unnecessary

comments.

b. c. d. people under anesthesia occasionally awaken completely during surgery.

people under anesthesia maintain some awareness and can occasionally hear comments.

the patient’s family members occasionally overhear comments.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

The electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the

a. corpus callosum.

b. cerebral cortex.

c. hypothalamus.

d. medulla.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

A device that measures electrical activity in the brain over time by the means of recording electrodes

attached to the surface of the skin is

a. a CT scan.

b. electroencephalograph.

c. an MRI.

d. an fMRI.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

12612. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. An electroencephalograph is a device that measures

a. b. c. d. glucose metabolism in the brain.

muscle tension in the body.

respiration rates as an index of arousal.

electrical activity of the brain.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?

a. omega

b. beta

c. alpha

d. delta

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 88%

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness OBJ: 5.1 The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is

a. gamma.

b. beta.

c. alpha.

d. delta.

KEY: Critical Thinking

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 58%

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness OBJ: 5.1 Which brain wave is probably operating while you are taking this exam?

a. alpha

b. beta

c. theta

d. delta

KEY: Factual

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

The delta-wave EEG pattern is associated with

a. dreaming.

b. deep sleep.

c. a waking state.

d. none of these states.

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 79%

REF: On the Nature of Consciousness OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Factual

At this moment, as you are concentrating on answering this exam question correctly, your dominant

brain-wave pattern MOST likely consists of

a. alpha waves.

b. beta waves.

c. delta waves.

d. theta waves.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

If you were to lie down under a tree and relax but not fall asleep, your dominant brain-wave pattern

would MOST likely consist of

a. alpha waves.

b. beta waves.

12719. 20. 21. 22. 23. c. delta waves.

d. theta waves.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: On the Nature of Consciousness

OBJ: 5.1 KEY: Concept/Applied

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as ____ rhythms.

a. circadian

b. slow-wave

c. rem

d. subcortical

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

The circadian rhythm operates around

a. a 1-year cycle.

b. a 28-day cycle.

c. a 24-hour cycle.

d. a 90-minute cycle.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting the hormone involved in adjustments to

our biological clocks?

a. the pineal gland

b. the pituitary gland

c. the thyroid

d. the gonads

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

Kayla’s core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body

temperature means that it is most likely that Kayla

a. has just fallen asleep.

b. will fall asleep in the next 60 minutes.

c. has just woken up.

d. has been meditating for the past 30 minutes.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Concept/Applied

Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

a. inducing sleep.

b. causing one to dream.

c. alpha rhythm generation.

d. adjusting one’s biological clock.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 46%

REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

12824. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one’s clock?

a. The hypothalamus signals the thalamus, which in turn sends signals to the medial

forebrain bundle.

b. The thalamus signals the optic chiasm, which in turn causes a release of the hormone

philoxin, which activates the renal gland.

c. The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the pineal gland, which in turn secretes the hormone

melatonin.

d. The superior colliculus signals the thalamus, which stimulates Broca’s area.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 71%

REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Concept/Applied

The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is

a. melatonin.

b. cholecystokinin.

c. serotonin.

d. phenylalanine.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 73%

REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?

a. Amount of time spent sleeping

b. Amount of time spent awake

c. Cultural practices

d. Exposure to light

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

biological

Mary is a “night person” and Gary is a “morning person.” This difference is probably due to

differences in their

a. REM sleep patterns.

b. cytoplasm.

c. circadian rhythms.

d. use of alcohol.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 73%

REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Concept/Applied

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to

direct input to the ____ of the ____.

a. pineal gland; medulla

b. pineal gland; hypothalamus

c. suprachiasmatic nucleus; medulla

d. suprachiasmatic nucleus; hypothalamus

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.2 KEY: Factual

Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant

would experience the most jet lag on a flight from

a. Philadelphia to San Francisco (east to west).

12930. 31. 32. 33. 34. b. c. d. Minneapolis to Houston (north to south).

San Francisco to Philadelphia (west to east).

Houston to Minneapolis (south to north).

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.3 KEY: Concept/Applied

Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents

and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

a. more apt; just as

b. less apt; less

c. less apt; more

d. more apt; less

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 89%

REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep OBJ: 5.3 KEY: Factual

The evidence from numerous studies on the effectiveness of melatonin indicates that

a. b. melatonin consistently reduces the effects of jet lag.

melatonin consistently enhances the effects of jet lag by resynchronizing the biological

clock in the wrong direction.

c. d. melatonin can be used to reduce jet lag if the dose is given at the right time.

melatonin can be used to reduce jet lag if the right dose is taken.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

OBJ: 5.3 KEY: Factual

Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following instruments would MOST

likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

a. electromyograph

b. circadiometer

c. electroencephalograph

d. polygraph

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

Philippe is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be

used to measure his eye movements?

a. electromyograph

b. electrooculograph

c. electroencephalograph

d. polygraph

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as

a. alpha waves.

b. REM waves.

c. theta waves.

d. zeta waves.

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13035. 36. Victoria is listening to a lecture in a hot lecture hall, late on a Friday afternoon. She starts to feel

drowsy and then falls into a light sleep. If her brain-wave patterns were being monitored, they would

show a shift from

a. b. c. d. alpha waves to beta waves and finally to delta waves.

theta waves to beta waves and finally to alpha waves.

beta waves to alpha waves and finally to theta waves.

beta waves to theta waves and finally to alpha waves.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

Alexander is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches

the printout from the EEG, theta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can

conclude that Alexander

a. has just entered Stage 3 sleep.

b. is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.

c. has just entered Stage 1 sleep.

d. is currently in REM sleep.

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

37. 38. 39. Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed EEG activity, are characteristic of

a. Stage 1 sleep.

b. Stage 2 sleep.

c. Stage 4 sleep.

d. REM sleep.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 29%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

Ryan is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the

printout from the EEG, sleep spindles begin to appear. Based on this information, the researcher can

conclude that Ryan

a. is currently in REM sleep.

b. has just entered Stage 2 sleep.

c. has just entered Stage 1 sleep.

d. is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

Rebecca is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches

the printout from the EEG, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can

conclude that Rebecca

a. has just entered Stage 1 sleep.

b. is still awake, but is relaxed and drowsy.

c. is currently in REM sleep.

d. has just entered Stage 3 sleep.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13140. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain-wave activity becomes both ____ in frequency

and ____ in amplitude.

a. slower; higher

b. faster; higher

c. slower; lower

d. faster; lower

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

Peter is in a deep sleep, and his brain-wave pattern consists of low-frequency delta waves. Peter is

experiencing which stage of sleep?

a. REM

b. Stages 3 or 4

c. Stage 1

d. Stage 2

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

Sleep Stages 3 and 4 are referred to as

a. low-amplitude sleep.

b. high-amplitude sleep.

c. slow-wave sleep.

d. fast-wave sleep.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a. minimal bodily movement.

b. regular breathing and pulse rate.

c. beta waves.

d. dreaming.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

The brain-wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain-wave pattern observed when

the individual is awake and alert.

a. Stage 1

b. Stage 4

c. REM

d. NREM

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

The paradox concerning REM sleep is while

a. it is a deep sleep, the person is easy to awaken.

b. it is a deep sleep, the brain-wave pattern resembles the pattern of an alert and awake

individual.

c. the person is dreaming, the brain-wave pattern resembles that of an awake and relaxed

individual.

13246. d. the person is dreaming, his muscles are practically paralyzed.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Critical Thinking

If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements, you probably would report

that you had

a. a headache.

b. been dreaming.

c. not been dreaming.

d. not really been asleep.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

47. 48. 49. 50. Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just

over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low-amplitude brain-wave patterns. Her breathing and

pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The

researcher who is monitoring Bailey’s sleep can conclude that Bailey

a. has just entered REM sleep.

b. has just entered Stage 4 sleep.

c. is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention.

d. suffers from a sleep disorder.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

A rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation go with

a. Stage 1 sleep.

b. Stage 2 sleep.

c. REM sleep.

d. relaxed wakefulness.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 90%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

Dr. Everett is observing Robert in a sleep lab. Dr. Everett intends to wake Robert up each time he

begins REM sleep. Based on the electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings, Robert should be

awakened each time the EEG shows

a. alpha-wave activity.

b. low-voltage, high-frequency beta waves.

c. the presence of sleep spindles.

d. theta-wave activity.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

You are observing your friend Melissa while she is sleeping. She is tossing and turning. It is MOST

likely that Melissa is currently in

a. NREM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing.

b. REM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing.

c. NREM sleep, and her movements are random.

d. REM sleep, and her movements are random.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13351. OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

“Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep, probably because he was

dreaming about boot camp.” What is WRONG with this statement?

a. Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity.

b. Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep.

c. Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep.

d. Manny was never in boot camp, so he is not likely to be dreaming about it.

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Critical Thinking

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. Olivia has trouble staying asleep for more than four hours at a time. Olivia is likely to experience

a. b. c. d. more vivid dreams than people who sleep for a full eight hours.

less REM sleep than people who sleep for a full eight hours.

less deep sleep than people who sleep for a full eight hours.

more sleep spindles than people who sleep for a full eight hours.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

In general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain

a. more Stage 4 and less REM.

b. more Stage 4 and more REM.

c. less Stage 4 and less REM.

d. less Stage 4 and more REM.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 68%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

Given the cyclical nature of sleep, we can expect to do the MOST dreaming

a. toward the beginning of the night’s sleep.

b. in the middle of the night’s sleep.

c. in NREM sleep.

d. toward the end of the night’s sleep.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 62%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.

a. deepen

b. lighten

c. shorten

d. lengthen

KEY: Concept/Applied

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

A person typically has ____ sleep cycles during the course of a night’s sleep.

a. one

b. two

c. four

d. six

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13457. The majority of slow-wave sleep occurs ____ the course of a night’s sleep.

a. early in

b. late in

c. in the middle of

d. evenly distributed throughout

ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

58. 59. 60. 61. 62. The stage of sleep in which the SLOWEST brain waves occur is

a. Stage 1.

b. Stage 2.

c. REM.

d. Stage 4.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 67%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

If you normally sleep eight hours each night, and last night you only slept for six hours, which stage of

sleep would be MOST affected by the loss of total sleep time?

a. Slow-wave

b. NREM

c. Stage 2

d. REM

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Critical Thinking

Charlene is 12, and her elderly aunt has come for a visit. The aunt is using the spare bed in Charlene’s

room. Several times during the night, the aunt awakens briefly and then falls back to sleep. Charlene

doesn’t awaken at all during the night. This difference in sleep patterns can best be explained by

research that shows

a. during adulthood, the proportion of REM sleep gradually declines.

b. during adulthood, the proportion of slow-wave sleep increases significantly.

c. the elderly are more affected by jet lag and shifts in their circadian rhythm.

d. during adulthood, the proportion of slow-wave sleep gradually declines.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

Compared to young adults, infants sleep for a ____ period of time each day and spend a ____

proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

a. longer; smaller

b. longer; larger

c. shorter; larger

d. shorter; smaller

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

As adults age, the proportion of sleep time they spend in slow-wave sleep ____ while the proportion

of time spent in REM sleep ____.

a. remains stable; decreases

b. decreases; remains stable

c. increases; decreases

d. decreases; increases

135ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

63. 64. 65. 66. 67. Recent research suggests that sleep deprivation causes

a. b. c. d. more impairment in older adults than younger adults.

less impairment in older adults than younger adults.

about the same level of impairment in older and younger adults.

no impairment in either older or younger adults.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

Which of the following statements about napping practices is NOT accurate?

a. Napping practices vary along cultural lines.

b. Industrialization tends to undermine the siesta tradition.

c. The siesta tradition is found mostly in tropical regions.

d. The siesta tradition is generally found in most nomadic groups.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 52%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Critical Thinking

Cody is visiting his pen pal in a tropical, nonindustrialized village. Cody is likely to find that the

inhabitants of the village

a. take a 1- to 2-hour midday nap each day.

b. are less likely than Americans to encourage co-sleeping.

c. experience less REM sleep than is typical for Americans.

d. experience less slow-wave sleep than is typical for Americans.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Concept/Applied

The midday napping practices of “siesta cultures” are adaptive because the siesta allows individuals

a. a necessary break from their extremely physical labor.

b. to sleep at the same time as their young infants.

c. time to digest their large midday meal.

d. to avoid working during the hottest part of the day.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.4 KEY: Factual

For the past month, Mitchell has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though he goes to bed at

his usual time, he lays awake for several hours before he finally drifts off to sleep. As a result, Mitchell

has only been getting 5 to 6 hours of sleep, instead of the 8 hours he is used to. Mitchell is likely to

find that his lack of sleep leads to

a. the inability to solve complex problems.

b. impaired attention.

c. hallucinations and general disorientation.

d. night terrors when he actually does fall asleep.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13668. 69. 70. 71. 72. Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience

a. impaired attention.

b. impaired motor coordination.

c. impaired decision-making.

d. impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision-making.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

Recent research suggests that neurogenesis may be fostered by

a. REM sleep.

b. hypnosis.

c. alcohol consumption.

d. memory loss.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

While serving as a subject at a sleep clinic, Erica is deprived of dreaming for several nights. As a

result, she is likely to

a. experience REM rebound and spend more time in REM sleep on subsequent nights.

b. become accustomed to going without dreaming and spend less time in REM sleep on

subsequent nights.

c. d. immediately return to a normal sleep cycle when she is allowed to sleep through the night.

have difficulty achieving REM on subsequent nights.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 54%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Concept/Applied

Kara has just fallen asleep and immediately slips into REM. Kara has probably experienced or

undergone

a. selective sleep deprivation.

b. alcohol overdose.

c. NREM rebound.

d. biofeedback training.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 78%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Concept/Applied

People who are selectively deprived of slow-wave sleep for several nights in a row

a. will suffer no ill effects whatsoever.

b. need to be awakened less and less frequently as the deprivation goes on.

c. will make up for the lost slow-wave sleep when allowed to sleep normally again.

d. will spend more time in REM sleep to compensate.

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

13773. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. Ethan took part in a research study in which he was awakened each time he entered slow-wave sleep

for three consecutive nights. Now that Ethan is back at home, it is likely that he will

a. b. c. d. develop insomnia and show general disturbances in his sleep patterns.

spend extra time in slow-wave sleep for several nights.

spend less time in slow-wave sleep than he did before he took part in the study.

spend extra time in both slow-wave and REM sleep for several nights.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Concept/Applied

One possible explanation for why humans need REM and slow-wave sleep focuses on the possibility

that they contribute to

a. keeping the individual safe from predators.

b. the firming up of the learning that took place during that day.

c. impairing the creative response.

d. helping the individual keep a low body temperature.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Concept/Applied

Differences between a REM dream and a non-REM dream include

a. non-REM dreams are more vivid, visual, and story-like.

b. dreamers tend to remember their non-REM dreams more frequently and clearly.

c. REM dreams are more vivid, visual, and story-like.

d. non-REM dreams don’t exist.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

Correlational research shows that people who consistently sleep less than seven hours exhibit ____

mortality risk, and people who consistently sleep more than eight hours exhibit ____ mortality risk.

a. an increased; a decreased

b. a decreased; an increased

c. an increased; an increased

d. a decreased; a decreased

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific

need for

a. at least four hours of sleep each night.

b. slow-wave sleep.

c. REM sleep.

d. REM and slow-wave sleep.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.5 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

The most common known sleep disorder is

a. sleep apnea.

b. night terrors.

13879. 80. 81. 82. 83. c. insomnia.

d. somnambulism.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 92%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.6 TOP: WWW

KEY: Factual

For the past week, Laura has had difficulty falling asleep at night. Even though she goes to bed at her

usual time, she lays awake for several hours before she finally drifts off to sleep. It appears that Laura

is experiencing

a. narcolepsy.

b. sleep apnea.

c. insomnia.

d. night terrors.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

Sheri has no trouble falling asleep, but she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri is suffering from

a. insomnia.

b. narcolepsy.

c. sleep apnea.

d. pseudoinsomnia.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

Anne has noticed that for the past three weeks, she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a

time, even though she used to regularly get eight hours of sleep per night. She wakes early in the

morning and just can’t fall back to sleep once this happens. It appears that Anne has developed

a. somnambulism.

b. insomnia.

c. pseudoinsomnia.

d. sleep apnea.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

The best estimates suggest that about what percentage of adults report problems with insomnia?

a. 15–17%

b. 30–35%

c. 49–50%

d. 75–80%

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Factual

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

Which of the following statements regarding the use of sleeping pills is LEAST accurate?

a. b. c. d. They are a good long-range solution for insomnia.

There is some danger of overdose.

They can make people drowsy the next day.

They gradually become less effective with continued use.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 88%

13984. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Critical Thinking

For the past two weeks, Cameron has been taking a mild sedative to help him fall asleep. He is likely

to find that

a. he now needs to take a larger dose in order to fall asleep because sedatives become less

effective over time.

b. c. d. he can take less of the drug because the effects of sedatives tend to be cumulative.

he will spend more of the night dreaming than he did without the sedative.

after two weeks, his insomnia should be cured, and he can stop using the sedative.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

Nathaniel’s wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seems to stop

breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his

sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Nathaniel

a. has narcolepsy.

b. is experiencing night terrors.

c. has sleep apnea.

d. has developed pseudoinsomnia.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen’s condition is called

a. narcology.

b. sleep tremors.

c. somnambulism.

d. agnosia.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 74%

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

Iris has been asleep for less than an hour. Her parents are surprised when she walks into the living

room, and they tell her to go back to sleep. The next day, Iris does not remember getting up after she

went to bed. From this description, it appears that Iris experienced

a. a night terror.

b. somnambulism.

c. a nightmare.

d. an episode of sleep apnea.

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

a. b. c. d. Sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems.

It is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker.

Sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming.

There appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Factual

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur

a. when a person has emotional or psychological problems.

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

14090. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. b. after a person has been asleep for several hours.

c. during slow-wave sleep.

d. during REM sleep.

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.6 KEY: Factual

Research has revealed that most dreams are

a. about fairly normal activities.

b. about fairly bizarre activities.

c. random bursts of activity with little coherence.

d. focused on others rather than oneself.

REF: The Sleep and Waking Cycle

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 62%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.7 KEY: Factual

According to research evidence on dream content, which of the following would a student be LEAST

likely to dream about?

a. falling from the top of a tall building on campus

b. being chased by his or her most feared instructor

c. a political candidate who held strong views about tuition increases

d. missing an important exam

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 70%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.7 KEY: Concept/Applied

Freud called the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams

a. the day residue.

b. manifest content.

c. reticular synthesis.

d. wish fulfillment.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.7 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

In which culture would people be held responsible for their dream actions? (For example, an erotic

dream about someone could be seen as an adulterous act.)

a. Marakesh of Morocco

b. Aborigines of Australia

c. Arapesh of New Guinea

d. Parintinin of Brazil

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Factual

The theorist who advanced the wish-fulfillment idea about dreaming was

a. Cartwright.

b. Hobson.

c. McCarley.

d. Freud.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 76%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Factual

According to Freud, a sexually frustrated person would probably have highly erotic dreams because,

according to him, the principal purpose of a dream is

a. sexual gratification.

b. conflict resolution.

c. wish fulfillment.

14196. 97. 98. 99. 100. d. the repression of unconscious desires.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 56%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

Denise is unemployed. Over the past three years, she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you

interpreted Denise’s dream of being the CEO of a Fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to

fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

a. problem-solving theory of dreams.

b. activation-synthesis theory of dreams.

c. wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.

d. neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

If you interpreted Peter’s dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an

attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his

future plans, you would be subscribing to the

a. problem-solving theory of dreams.

b. activation-synthesis theory of dreams.

c. wish-fulfillment theory of dreams.

d. neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 70%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

The use of dreams to satisfy ungratified needs is referred to as

a. id idealization.

b. self-centeredness.

c. wish fulfillment.

d. sublimation.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the

“student of the year award,” this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?

a. fantasy

b. activation synthesis

c. wish fulfillment

d. problem-solving

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives

and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the

a. wish-fulfillment view of dreams.

b. problem-solving view of dreams.

c. synergistic view of dreams.

d. James-Verduin view of dreams.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 65%

REF: The World of Dreams OBJ: 5.8 142

KEY: Critical Thinking101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve

complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright’s cognitive theory of dreaming,

the images in Logan’s dream represent

a. b. c. d. an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.

the manifest content of the dream.

an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life.

the latent content of the dream.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

The idea that dreams are the cortex’s attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower

brain centers is the core of

a. b. c. d. the wish-fulfillment theory of dreaming.

the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming.

the problem-solving theory of dreaming.

no current theory of dreaming.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Critical Thinking

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next

instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade-school teachers and they were watching a

purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden

bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle’s dream represent

a. an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers.

b. the manifest content of the dream.

c. the latent content of the dream.

d. an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Concept/Applied

The observations that both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing

machine were inspired, in part, by dreams, provides support for the ____ theory of dreaming.

a. activation-synthesis

b. conservation of energy

c. wish-fulfillment

d. problem-solving

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The World of Dreams

OBJ: 5.8 KEY: Critical Thinking

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Franz Anton Mesmer

c. Ernest Hilgard

d. Harry Houdini

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.9 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as

a. mesmerization

b. hypnosis

c. hallucinations

d. hypersomnia

143107. 108. 109. 110. 111. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Factual

Research suggests that about ____ of the population does NOT respond to hypnosis.

a. 1–2%

b. 25–30%

c. 40%

d. 10–20%

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Factual

Research suggests that about ____ of people are exceptionally GOOD hypnotic subjects.

a. 1–2%

b. 20–25%

c. 10–15%

d. 40%

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Factual

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hypnosis?

a. auditory and visual hallucinations

b. the reduction of inhibitions

c. some resistance to pain

d. total loss of personal control

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 89%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? OBJ: 5.9

KEY: Critical Thinking

Katherine’s new dentist plans to use hypnosis instead of anesthesia while he works on Katherine’s

teeth. Katherine asks you if she should go along with this, or if she should find another dentist. Based

on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell her

a. hypnosis typically has no effect on the experience of pain.

b. hypnosis is only effective as an anesthetic when it is used in conjunction with sedatives.

c. once she is no longer hypnotized, her sensitivity to pain will show a rebound effect.

d. hypnosis can be an effective substitute for some anesthetic drugs.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Concept/Applied

A stage hypnotist is sometimes successful in getting people to disrobe in public. What is the BEST

explanation for this phenomenon?

a. When hypnotized, a subject comes under the total control of the hypnotist and will follow

any instructions to the letter.

b. The subject is a confederate of the hypnotist and disrobes while pretending to be

hypnotized.

c. When hypnotized, subjects are able to convince themselves that they cannot be held

responsible for their actions.

d. The hypnotist is careful to select only those subjects who look as if they would enjoy

disrobing in public.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 88%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? KEY: Critical Thinking

OBJ: 5.9

144112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. A hypnotist is putting on a demonstration, and your friend Benjamin is thinking about volunteering.

However, he is a little nervous because he is afraid he might do things while he is hypnotized that he

would normally not do. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell Benjamin

a. people will never do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider

unacceptable.

b. people will often do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider

unacceptable.

c. sometimes people will do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider

unacceptable.

d. hypnosis doesn’t really work, so he shouldn’t bother volunteering.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Concept/Applied

Which of the following is the MOST common posthypnotic suggestion given to people?

a. to act infantile

b. to show amnesia and forget something

c. to perform a behavior unusual for the person

d. to act like an animal

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 82%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? KEY: Factual

OBJ: 5.9

The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his attention and

suggestibility is called a

a. hypnotic induction.

b. hypnotic trance.

c. hypnotic dissociation.

d. hypnotic deduction.

ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Factual

Which of the following is NOT a common effect produced by hypnosis?

a. posthypnotic suggestions

b. decrease in sensitivity to suggestions

c. sensory distortions and hallucinations

d. anesthesia

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.9 KEY: Concept/Applied

The role-playing theory of hypnosis suggests that the hypnotized subject

a. actually fakes the hypnotic state.

b. enters into a trance and acts out suggestions.

c. knows that he or she is only pretending.

d. is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 70%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? OBJ: 5.10

KEY: Concept/Applied

The finding that memories of early life events reported by hypnotized subjects are often inaccurate

145118. a. b. c. d. supports the role-playing view of hypnosis.

provides support for the notion of posthypnotic suggestion.

supports the idea that hypnosis is a unique altered state.

suggests that hypnosis can tap into the unconscious

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.10 TOP: WWW KEY: Concept/Applied

While Kimberly was hypnotized, she vividly recalled the events of her first birthday party. However,

when the events she described were compared with an actual video from her birthday party, most of

the things she described did not actually happen. Kimberly’s inaccuracy in recall lends support to the

view that hypnosis

a. causes people to act out a role.

b. is the same as REM sleep.

c. creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

d. is the same as slow-wave sleep.

ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.10 KEY: Concept/Applied

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

119. While Nicholas was hypnotized, he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia.

This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

a. b. c. d. causes people to act out a role.

is the same as REM sleep.

is the same as slow-wave sleep.

creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.10 KEY: Critical Thinking

120. Dissociation refers to

a. a loss of inhibition by hypnotized subjects.

b. a hypnotized subject’s willingness to act out the hypnotist’s suggestions.

c. a splitting of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.

d. role-playing by hypnotized subjects in response to situational cues.

121. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 85%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? OBJ: 5.10

KEY: Factual

The theory of hypnosis that suggests that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness is the

a. wish-fulfillment theory.

b. dissociation theory.

c. role-playing theory.

d. activation-synthesis theory.

122. ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.10 KEY: Factual

Hilgard’s dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis is

a. an altered state of consciousness.

b. an altered state of consciousness.

c. not an altered state of consciousness.

d. identical to meditation.

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

146123. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

OBJ: 5.10 KEY: Factual

The idea that hypnosis is associated with divided consciousness and is an altered state is MOST

consistent with which of the following theories of hypnosis?

a. Barber’s role theory

b. Schachter’s cognitive theory

c. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

d. Hilgard’s dissociation theory

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 50%

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing? KEY: Critical Thinking

OBJ: 5.10

124. 125. 126. 127. The dissociation theory of hypnosis states that while hypnotized, a person’s consciousness is divided

between two streams of consciousness: one is in communication with the external world and the

other is the

a. role-playing partner.

b. visible monitor.

c. overt observer.

d. hidden observer.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.10 KEY: Factual

Meditation has its roots in

a. early Christianity.

b. Eastern religions.

c. transcendental psychology.

d. the scientific study of the relaxation response.

REF: Hypnosis: Altered Consciousness or Role Playing?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 84%

REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation? OBJ: 5.11

KEY: Factual

A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental process under

greater voluntary control is known as

a. hypnosis.

b. transcendental psychology.

c. meditation.

d. Buddhism.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Factual

Research has shown that meditation can produce a physiological state similar to

a. the REM stage of sleep.

b. that produced by hypnosis.

c. relaxation.

d. a drug-induced trance.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 63%

REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation? OBJ: 5.11

147128. KEY: Factual

Which of the following does NOT happen when a person is in a meditative state?

a. alpha waves become more prominent in EEG recordings

b. heart rate decreases

c. oxygen consumption increases

d. respiration rate decreases

ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Critical Thinking

REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

129. 130. 131. 132. 133. Scott’s brain is producing alpha and theta waves, and he shows a decrease in his heart rate, oxygen

consumption, and carbon dioxide elimination. Scott is probably

a. hypnotized.

b. in a drug-induced trance.

c. meditating.

d. in REM sleep.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Concept/Applied

Mark is meditating by concentrating on a specific sound to narrow his attention. Mark is using which

style of meditation?

a. focused attention

b. open monitoring

c. hypnotic induction

d. dissociation

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Concept/Applied

Mark is meditating by attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way. Mark is using

which style of meditation?

a. focused attention

b. open monitoring

c. hypnotic induction

d. dissociation

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Concept/Applied

Hailey recently began meditating on a regular basis. Over the short term, Hailey should expect to

experience

a. an alteration in her consciousness similar to taking psychedelic drugs.

b. an increase in relaxation and a decrease in autonomic arousal.

c. a sense of euphoria similar to that experienced when taking opiate drugs.

d. an improvement in her immune system and enhanced memory.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Critical Thinking

Which of the following statements regarding physiological functioning is NOT consistent with a

person who is in a meditative state?

a. reduced heart rate

b. reduced respiration rate

148134. 135. 136. 137. 138. c. increased alpha and theta brain waves

d. increased muscular tension

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.11 KEY: Factual

REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

Research has shown the long-term benefits of meditation to

a. b. c. d. include benefits for physical health but not mental health.

include benefits for mental health but not physical health.

include benefits for both physical and mental health.

be greatly exaggerated by advocates of meditation.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

OBJ: 5.12 KEY: Factual

Recent research suggests that experienced meditators are able to endure more pain than non-

mediators because of differences in

a. opiate use.

b. heart rate.

c. neuron firing rate.

d. brain structure.

ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: 5.12 KEY: Factual

Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to

a. alleviate pain.

b. improve memory.

c. enhance sensory awareness.

d. do all of these things

REF: Meditation: Pure Consciousness or Relaxation?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 94%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.13

KEY: Factual

Heather is taking a prescription drug to control her back pain. She finds that when she takes the drug,

she experiences some short-term drowsiness and nausea. It is likely that Heather’s physician has

prescribed

a. a stimulant.

b. a sedative.

c. a hallucinogen.

d. a narcotic.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as

a. a hallucinogen.

b. a sedative.

c. a narcotic.

d. an amphetamine.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 93%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.13

149KEY: Factual

139. 140. 141. 142. 143. Charles is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job. He

finds that when he takes the drug, he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination.

It is likely that Charles’ physician has prescribed

a. a sedative.

b. a narcotic.

c. a stimulant.

d. a hallucinogen.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

Adam has just consumed a substance that provides him with increased alertness and energy, along

with reduced fatigue. However, it also makes him more talkative, increases his blood pressure,

reduces his appetite, and makes him restless. Adam has likely ingested

a. THC.

b. an amphetamine.

c. LSD.

d. a sedative.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 83%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.13

KEY: Concept/Applied

Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat her narcolepsy. She finds that when she takes the drug,

she feels extremely restless, irritable, and paranoid. It is likely that Alicia’s physician has prescribed

a. a sedative.

b. a stimulant.

c. a narcotic.

d. a hallucinogen.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

a. cocaine

b. LSD

c. mescaline

d. psilocybin

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Critical Thinking

Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is

exhibiting paranoia and “jumbled” thought processes. Renee is most likely under the influence of a

a. hallucinogen.

b. sedative.

c. narcotic.

d. stimulant.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 78%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs KEY: Concept/Applied

OBJ: 5.13

150144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. Wyatt uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects he

experiences are mood swings and poor mental functioning. It is MOST likely Wyatt is using

a. LSD.

b. marijuana.

c. alcohol.

d. cocaine.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 TOP: WWW KEY: Concept/Applied

Christopher has just taken a drug. He finds that his perceptions are altered, and he feels like his

sensory awareness has increased. It is MOST likely that Christopher has taken

a. LSD or mescaline.

b. morphine or heroin.

c. barbiturates or Quaaludes.

d. cocaine or amphetamines.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she

experiences are anxiety and impaired memory. It is MOST likely that Madeline is using

a. marijuana.

b. LSD.

c. heroin.

d. cocaine.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

Haley has severe glaucoma; she finds that its symptoms can be relieved by using a non-prescription

drug. In addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild

feeling of euphoria. It is MOST likely that Haley is treating her glaucoma using

a. cocaine.

b. marijuana.

c. heroin.

d. mescaline.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Concept/Applied

Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning are referred to as

a. hallucinogens.

b. psychoactive drugs.

c. narcotics or opiates.

d. stimulants.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Factual

Which of the following drugs is NOT a narcotic?

a. codeine

151150. 151. 152. 153. 154. b. cocaine

c. morphine

d. heroin

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Factual

If your roommate recently took a recreational drug and is very energetic, alert, and has an “I can

conquer the world” euphoria, he MOST likely took

a. a stimulant such as cocaine or amphetamine.

b. a stimulant such as caffeine or nicotine.

c. a sedative such as one of the barbiturates.

d. a cannabis such as marijuana or hashish.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.13 KEY: Critical Thinking

The idea of multifactorial causation in drug effects suggests that

a. b. c. d. taking several different drugs at the same time reduces their effects.

taking several different drugs at once increases their effectiveness.

the effects of a drug depend on the dosage and the user’s personal makeup and experience.

each person will have the same physiological response to a drug, but there can be different

psychological responses.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Critical Thinking

A progressive decrease in one’s response to a drug with repeated and prolonged use is called

a. withdrawal.

b. habituation.

c. dependency.

d. tolerance.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 98%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.14

KEY: Factual

Seymour used to get quite a “buzz” from his first cup of coffee in the morning. Now he finds that he

doesn’t start to feel alert until his third cup. This suggests that Seymour

a. has developed a caffeine dependency.

b. has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine.

c. is experiencing the effects of caffeine withdrawal.

d. has become caffeine intolerant.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

Among the following, which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?

a. narcotics

b. stimulants

c. sedatives

d. alcohol

152155. 156. 157. 158. 159. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 52%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.14

KEY: Factual

For which of the following drugs does the tolerance level develop the most RAPIDLY?

a. cannabis

b. sedatives

c. alcohol

d. hallucinogens

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 75%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.14

KEY: Factual

John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is

demonstrating

a. physical dependence.

b. psychological tolerance.

c. physical tolerance.

d. psychological dependence.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense cravings for the drug, he is

demonstrating

a. psychological tolerance.

b. physical dependence.

c. psychological dependence.

d. physical tolerance.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Judy feels that she needs her can of Diet Coke every morning to wake her up and satisfy her cravings.

She doubts that she could ever give up drinking Diet Coke. Judy is demonstrating

a. physical dependence.

b. psychological tolerance.

c. physical tolerance.

d. psychological dependence.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

Which of the following drugs carries the GREATEST risk for physical and/or psychological

dependence?

a. LSD

b. cocaine

c. alcohol

d. heroin

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 TOP: WWW KEY: Factual

153160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a

full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended, he wants to

stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication, he starts sweating and

twitching. It appears that Aaron has

a. developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines.

b. become amphetamine intolerant.

c. developed a physical dependence for amphetamines.

d. habituated to the effects of amphetamines.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago, she starting taking Seconal

to help her sleep, but now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. This

would suggest that Hannah has

a. developed a drug tolerance for Seconal.

b. developed a dependency on Seconal.

c. habituated to the effects of Seconal.

d. developed pseudoinsomnia.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

A morphine addict experiences a state of euphoria after a dose of morphine, and a postsurgical

patient experiences a reduction in pain after the same dosage. This difference in effect most clearly

reflects the influence of ____ on drug effects.

a. personality

b. expectations

c. potency

d. age

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Critical Thinking

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs does NOT result in a rapid development a

tolerance for the drug?

a. hallucinogens

b. sedatives

c. stimulants

d. narcotics

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Dr. Montgomery has developed a new drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and

norepinephrine. It is likely that this drug will

a. function as a sedative.

b. have stimulant effects in the body.

c. produce hallucinogenic effects.

d. act as an effective pain killer.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Concept/Applied

Psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering

a. b. c. the functioning of the endocrine system.

the functioning of sensory receptor cells.

neurotransmitter activity in the brain.

154166. 167. 168. 169. 170. d. neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of

a. serotonin and acetylcholine.

b. dopamine and norepinephrine.

c. endorphins.

d. GABA.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical

and psychological dependence?

a. hallucinogens

b. stimulants

c. sedatives

d. alcohol

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Which category of psychoactive drug is best characterized as having a moderate risk for physical

dependence associated with a high risk for psychological dependence?

a. cannabis

b. stimulants

c. hallucinogens

d. narcotics

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical

and psychological dependence?

a. narcotics and sedatives

b. stimulants and hallucinogens

c. sedatives and alcohol

d. cannabis and alcohol

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated

with

a. consuming psychoactive drugs.

b. tolerance.

c. psychological dependence.

d. physical dependence.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

155171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. The ____ neural pathway has been characterized as a “reward pathway” that is believed to be

responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.

a. cortical

b. medulla-pons

c. mesolimbic dopamine

d. hypothalamus dopamine

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.14 KEY: Factual

Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

a. LSD

b. mescaline

c. marijuana

d. morphine

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 82%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.15

KEY: Critical Thinking

Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

a. LSD

b. heroin

c. cocaine

d. morphine

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Critical Thinking

Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now

developed liver disease and ulcers, and she has been in three car accidents. It is MOST likely that

Rachel is a chronic user of

a. LSD.

b. marijuana.

c. sedatives.

d. alcohol.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Concept/Applied

Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years. He has now developed damaged

nasal membranes and a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. It is MOST likely

that Ralph is a chronic user of

a. cocaine.

b. marijuana.

c. sedatives.

d. alcohol.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Concept/Applied

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following

EXCEPT

a. marijuana.

156177. 178. 179. 180. 181. b. hallucinogens.

c. sedatives.

d. cannabis.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Factual

Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with

recreational drugs?

a. Marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease.

b. Sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents.

c. Cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks.

d. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Critical Thinking

The negative effect of recreational drugs that results from the drug’s impact on the individual’s

behavior is referred to as

a. an indirect effect.

b. a direct effect.

c. a lifestyle effect.

d. a codependency effect.

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Factual

Recent studies have reported an unexpected link between cannabis use and

a. b. c. d. severe mood disorders, including bipolar disorder.

the onset of some dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease.

severe psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia.

the onset of some motor system disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Factual

There is the GREATEST amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?

a. marijuana

b. alcohol

c. cocaine

d. heroin

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 90%

REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs OBJ: 5.15

KEY: Factual

Chronic, heavy use of marijuana is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

a. increased risk for respiratory and pulmonary disease.

b. reduced levels of testosterone.

c. increased risk of developing a severe psychotic disorder.

d. increased risks of automobile accidents.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Altering Consciousness with Drugs

OBJ: 5.15 KEY: Factual

157182. 183. 184. 185. 186. The fact that research on consciousness dwindled in the early part of the 20th century after psychology

was redefined as the science of behavior, only to be reborn in the early 1960s, BEST illustrates which

of the textbook’s unifying themes?

a. Psychology is empirical.

b. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

c. Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.

d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ: 5.16 KEY: Critical Thinking

Research on consciousness dwindled in the early part of the 20th century after psychology was

redefined as the science of behavior by

a. Sigmund Freud.

b. Roger Sperry.

c. John Watson.

d. Wilhelm Wundt.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 71%

REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes KEY: Factual

OBJ: 5.16

Which of the following statements regarding the study of consciousness is accurate?

a. b. c. d. Psychology began as the study of behavior rather than the study of consciousness.

John Watson and others viewed psychology as the science of consciousness.

The 1960s saw an increase in the study of variations of consciousness.

Today, psychologists are generally not interested in studying issues related to

consciousness.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 62%

REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes OBJ: 5.16

KEY: Critical Thinking

The fact that the importance people place on dreams varies across societies BEST illustrates which of

the textbook’s unifying themes?

a. Psychology is empirical.

b. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

c. Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.

d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ: 5.16 TOP: WWW KEY: Critical Thinking

The observations that both the setting in which a psychoactive drug is taken and an individual’s

expectations influence the drug’s effect and individuals vary in their susceptibility to hypnosis BEST

reflect which unifying theme in psychology?

a. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

b. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective.

c. Behavior is determined by multiple causes.

d. Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

158187. 188. 189. 190. 191. OBJ: 5.16 KEY: Concept/Applied

The observations that many approaches to meditation are rooted in Eastern religions and some

societies use hallucinogens in religious practices BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

a. behavior is determined by multiple causes.

b. behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.

c. psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.

d. people’s experience of the world is highly subjective.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Reflecting on the Chapter’s Themes

OBJ: 5.16 KEY: Critical Thinking

Mark’s mother is worried because he only sleeps about 4 to 5 hours per night. What would you her?

a. She has reason to be concerned because, in the long run, Mark’s lack of sleep will take its

b. c. d. toll physically.

There is nothing to worry about because young people need less sleep than older people.

There is no problem as long as Mark spends most of his sleep time in REM sleep.

There is probably nothing to be worried about since different people need differing

amounts of sleep.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 77%

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

James is 40 years old; his sister Jasmine is 30 years old. Recently, they both came home for their

parents’ anniversary party and stayed overnight. If you were to walk through the house while they

were sleeping, you might expect that

a. Jasmine is more likely to be snoring because she is younger and female.

b. both are equally likely to be snoring because snoring is hereditary.

c. James is more likely to be snoring because he is older and male.

d. James is more likely to snore during slow-wave sleep, but Jasmine is more likely to snore

during REM sleep.

ANS: C PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

Which of the following is NOT good advice for avoiding sleep problems?

a. Minimize consumption of stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine.

b. Vary the time when you go to bed at night.

c. Establish a daytime exercise program.

d. Avoid daytime naps if you’re having trouble sleeping at night.

ANS: B PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Critical Thinking

Twyla insists she never dreams; she is convinced of this because she has never recalled a single

dream. If Twyla were tested in a sleep lab, it is likely that she would

a. experience REM sleep, but she would only report a dream if she was awakened from

slow-wave sleep.

b. experience REM sleep, and she would report a dream if she was awakened from REM

sleep.

c. wake each time she entered REM sleep and show no evidence of completing a full cycle

of REM sleep.

d. experience REM sleep, but she would not report any dreams if she was awakened from

REM sleep.

159

tell192. ANS: B PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

Which of the following statements about dreams is MOST accurate?

a. Only about 75% of all people dream.

b. The reason we do not remember our dreams is that the content of the dream is repressed.

c. People cannot remember their dreams because of too much time passing between when

they dreamed and when they try to recall the dream.

d. Most dreams people can remember deal with sexually oriented topics.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 74%

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Critical Thinking

193. 194. 195. The psychoanalyst interpreted his patient’s dream of riding a horse as indicative of her repressed

sexual urges. This interpretation constitutes the

a. b. c. d. latent content of the dream.

manifest content of the dream.

overt content of the dream.

subliminal content of the dream.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 44%

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

Alice decided that her dream of flying reflects her desire to escape from an unfulfilling marriage.

What would a contemporary dream theorist say to Alice?

a. Her interpretation may be accurate because she is the person best equipped to decipher her

dream.

b. c. Her interpretation is too superficial and does not get at the latent meaning of the dream.

Alice needs an analyst to interpret her dream for her because the dream is a reflection of

unconscious wishes.

d. Before any credibility is given to her interpretation, she needs to have a series of similar

dreams.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 44%

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

Brittany had a dream in which she was arrested by a blue giraffe riding a motorcycle. Brittany is

convinced the dream represents an unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding. According to

Freud, Brittany’s unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding would represent

a. the manifest content of the dream.

b. an interpretation of random neural activity in lower brain centers.

c. an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

d. the latent content of the dream.

ANS: D PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Concept/Applied

160196. People who rarely remember their dreams probably

a. are from non-Western cultures.

b. c. d. are among the 15% of the population who do not dream.

have their last REM sleep period a relatively long time before they awaken.

have their last REM sleep period immediately before they awaken.

ANS: C PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Factual

197. 198. 199. 200. According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in dreams is the ____ of the

dream.

a. latent content

b. symbolic content

c. factual content

d. manifest content

ANS: A PTS: 1

REF: Personal Application: Addressing Practical Questions About Sleep and Dreams

OBJ: 5.17 KEY: Factual

Historically alcoholism has been categorized under all of the following labels EXCEPT

a. a personal weakness.

b. normal behavior.

c. physical illness.

d. mental illness.

ANS: B PTS: 1

REF: Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ: 5.18 KEY: Factual

Which of the following statements regarding the use of definitions in psychology is the MOST

accurate?

a. Definitions generally emerge out of research.

b. Definitions can be useful as explanations for phenomena.

c. Definitions are typically crafted by experts in a specific field.

d. The source of a definition is unimportant in evaluating its validity.

ANS: C PTS: 1

REF: Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ: 5.18 KEY: Concept/Applied

Concluding that a person drinks too much because he/she is an alcoholic is an example of

a. logical reasoning.

b. circular reasoning.

c. inductive reasoning.

d. deductive reasoning.

ANS: B PTS: 1

161201. 202. 203. 204. REF: Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ: 5.18 KEY: Concept/Applied

The logical fallacy involved in circular reasoning, where a person mistakes a label or definition for an

explanation, is termed the

a. nominal fallacy.

b. inductive fallacy.

c. deductive fallacy.

d. ordinal fallacy.

ANS: A PTS: 1

REF: Critical Thinking Application: Is Alcoholism a Disease? The Power of Definitions

OBJ: 5.18 KEY: Factual

Tyler was relaxing and not really paying attention to anything when his roommate came home. The

roommate asked for help working through some difficulties with a computer program. As Tyler helps

his roommate solve the programming problem, his brain waves will

a. b. c. d. decrease in both frequency and amplitude.

increase in both frequency and amplitude.

increase in frequency and decrease in amplitude.

decrease in frequency and increase in amplitude.

ANS: C PTS: 1 KEY: Integrative

Alpha waves are likely to be prominent if you are

a. programming a computer.

b. meditating.

c. under hypnosis.

d. doing any of these things

ANS: B PTS: 1 KEY: Integrative

Which of the following statements about dreams is NOT accurate?

a. b. c. d. Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Dreams have sometimes changed the world.

Dreams are not as bizarre as widely assumed.

People most frequently dream about familiar people.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 61%

OBJ: Integrative KEY: Factual

162