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Chapter 05 Race, Ethnicity, and Families Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
(p. 167
)
When Barack Obama was born in Hawaii to an interracial married couple in 1961
at least ________ states had laws forbidding marriages between whites and non-
whites.
A. eleve
n
B. fiftee
n
C. twenty
two
D. twenty
six
2.
(p. 141
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The number of births and deaths among American Indians did not change
dramatically between 1970 and 1980. How would you explain the 72 percent rise
in their population during this same time period?
A. There was finally a category of Native American to check on U.S.
Census forms.
B. There was a high immigration rate from South and Central
America.
C. More people began to think of themselves as American Indian and reported
themselves to the U.S. Census as that.
D. None of these are
true.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-1
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.3.
(p. 147
)
The racial-ethnic group with the greatest number of children under 18 not living
with either parent is
A. non-Hispanic
white.
B. Hispani
c.
C. American
Indian.
D. African
American.
4.
(p. 154
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The number of middle-class African American families in the United States has
been increasing, but one critical aspect that distinguishes them from middle-class
white families is their
A. educatio
n.
B. assets, such as savings, investments, and
homes.
C. salarie
s.
D. family
support.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5.
(p. 160
)
Which of the following people have a long tradition of consensual unions?
A. Asian
Americans
B. Cuban
s
C. Puerto
Ricans
D. African
Americans
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5-2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.6.
(p. 168
)
Family households in the United States most likely to marry someone from a
different race are from the ________ racial-ethnic group.
A. African
American
B. Asian
American
C. non-Hispanic
white
D. Hispan
ic
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7.
(p. 150
-151)
The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the
following phenomenon:
A. the lack of suitable marriage partners for women due to job losses and
incarceration among men.
B. the fact that most African American men marry white
women.
C. increasing intermarriage between the different
ethnic groups.
D. the cultural reasons that de-emphasize marriage and children as an important
step to forming a family.
8.
(p. 159
-160)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
To overcome their economic hardships, Puerto Ricans have used a system of
__________, much as African Americans have used a system of __________.
A. consensual unions; female-centered kin
networks
B. grandfamilies; consensual
unions
C. grandfamilies; female-centered kin
networks
D. female-centered kin networks; consensual
unions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.9.
(p. 160
)
The most economically disadvantaged racial-ethnic group among Hispanics is
A. Mexican
American.
B. Cuba
n.
C. Puerto
Rican.
D. Guatemala
n.
10.
(p. 161
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The __________ strategy, used by Cubans—especially those living in and around
Miami—is a viable way for an immigrant group to achieve economic success.
A. assimilati
on
B. female-centered
network
C. grand
family
D. enclav
e
11.
(p. 162
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The __________ family is thought to be superior in allowing people to be upwardly
mobile, as is evidenced by the success of Cubans.
A. conjug
al
B. female-
centered
C. male-
centered
D. cohabitation-
based
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.12.
(p. 159
-160)
Puerto Ricans have the least selective migration patterns among Hispanics. This
would partially explain their __________.
A. higher economic standing among Hispanic groups living in the
United States
B. low economic standing among Hispanic groups living in the
United States
C. equally successful economic standing with other Hispanic groups living in the
United States
D. equally unsuccessful economic standing with other Hispanic groups living in the
United States
13.
(p. 142
-143)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The ________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of
people that differ in language, religion, and physical features.
A. African
American
B. American
Indian
C. European
American
D. Asian
American
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
14.
(p. 167
)
The economically disadvantaged position of American Indian families is most
comparable to that of
A. Puerto Rican
families.
B. African American
families.
C. Mexican American
families.
D. Asian American
families.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-5
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.15.
(p. 160
)
The first wave of Cuban American immigrants, in contrast to most other major
immigrant groups in the United States, arrived in _____.
A. a political
migration
B. a labor
migration
C. a social
migration
D. an unpopular (with the U.S. government)
migration
16.
(p. 167
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Statistics from 2006 show that ____ of American Indian births were to mothers who
were unmarried.
A. 32
%
B. 36
%
C. 54
%
D. 65
%
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
17.
(p. 156
)
Which of the following is not an example of a mediating structure?
A. a
B. a
church
neighborhood
C. the court
system
D. the
family
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5-6
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.18.
(p. 163
)
One way mentioned by Cherlin in which Asian culture differs from American
culture pertains to
A. how to educate
children.
B. the responsibility assumed by adult children for their
parents.
C. the importance of mediating
structures.
D. the average age at first
marriage.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Nagel wrote of “ethnic renewal” where people increasingly identify themselves as
19.
(p. 141
)
A. American
Indian.
B. Black
American.
C. Hispanic
American.
D. Asian
American.
20.
(p. 145
-156)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
When comparing African American and non-Hispanic white families, it can be said
that black families are more likely to
A. include an extended family
member.
B. face adversities without seeking support
from kin.
C. be headed by a married
couple.
D. have a higher asset-to-income
ratio.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-7
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.21.
(p. 145
-146)
Which of the following statements is true of whiteness as an ethnicity?
A. Only poor immigrants from Europe were originally
considered white.
B. Whiteness is an inherent characteristic of
people.
C. Nearly all whites descended from European
immigrants.
D. Who is or is not considered white has not changed at all
over time.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
22.
(p. 161
)
Which of the following groups has the lowest incidence of poverty among
Hispanics?
A. Cuban
Americans
B. Mexican
Americans
C. Puerto Rican
Americans
D. Central
Americans
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
23. Which of the following is the reason behind high birthrates among Mexican
Americans?
A. increased willingness among illegal immigrants from Mexico to be
enumerated
B. low rates of contraception
use
C. a patriarchal family
system
D. the family patterns of recent immigrants from
Mexico
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-8
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.24. Which of the following is a reason why college-educated black women are less
likely to marry than their white peers?
A. because more black men have intermarriages than
black women
B. because more white women are open to marriage than
black women
C. because black women usually take longer to graduate than
white women
D. because of the prevalence of consensual unions among
black women
25. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Which of the following is the reason for the prevalence of intermarriages among
American Indians?
A. a growing identity crisis among the American
Indians
B. the large proportion of American Indians who consider themselves
multiracial
C. a growing movement among American Indians to spread their
way of life
D. the collapse of the traditional kinship systems of American Indian
communities
26. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
________ immigrants appear to have used conjugal families as a means of pooling
the labor and accumulating the capital necessary to start a business.
A. Cuba
n
B. Mexica
n
C. Puerto
Rican
D. Guatemal
an
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
5-9
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.Matching Questions
27.
(p. 142
-166)
Matching the following
1
3
1. a cause for the prosperity of Cuban
Americans
racial-ethnic
group 5
2. midlevel social institutions and
groups, such as the church, the
neighborhood, and the family
Mexican
American 8
3. mediating structure in the lives of
1
African Americans Hispanic
2
4. cohabiting relationships in which
couples consider themselves to be
married but have had no legal or
religious ceremony social capital 9
5. people who share a common identity
and whose members think of
themselves as distinct from others
mediating
structure 2
6. conferring an identity beyond the
sharing of resources through kinship
ties Cubans
7. extent to which black women’s lives
are affected by overlapping systems of
race, class, and gender-based
disadvantage
8. marry at a younger age than other
Hispanics, or African Americans
9. economic advantage a person has by
virtue of the structure of his or her
relations with other people 10. average number of children a
woman will bear over her lifetime if
current birthrates remain the same
11. large, dense, single-ethnic group
that is relatively self-sufficient
12. persons in the United States who
trace ancestry to Latin America
13. immigrants whose first waves were
the result of a political migration
consensual
unions 4
American
Indian 6
the church 3
business
ownership 1
total fertility
1
rate
intersectionali
ty 7
immigrant
1
enclave
1
0
True / False Questions
5-10
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.28.
(p. 161
)
The most prosperous Hispanic group in the United States today is the Cuban
American group.
TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
29.
(p. 157
)
Many Hispanic family households are headed by an unmarried male.
FALSE
30.
(p. 152
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Grandparents play a more important role, on average, in the lives of black families
than in white families.
TRUE
31.
(p. 158
-159)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Mexican Americans have more high-birthrate, multigenerational families than any
other racial-ethnic group in the United States.
TRUE
32.
(p. 150
-151)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Welfare has been the major factor contributing to an increase in out-of-wedlock
births to African American women in the United States.
FALSE
33.
(p. 150
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Sixty-nine percent of black men without high school diplomas are incarcerated by
the time they are in their early thirties.
TRUE
34.
(p. 158
)
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
One recent study predicts that by 2040 Mexican immigrants since the 1980s and
their descendants will have produced 36 million additional births.
TRUE
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5-11
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.35. Social capital is the resources that a person can access through his or her
relationships with other people.
TRUE
36. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
The prosperity of Cuban Americans is derived in large part from the support they
received from mediating structures.
FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Essay Questions
37.
(p. 151
-152)
Why have social scientists been reluctant to acknowledge the role of culture (as
compared to the role of economics) in explaining the differences between African
American and white families?
Answer will vary.
38.
(p. 149
)
Explain why the racial gap in nonmarital childbearing has been narrowing.
Answer will vary.
39. Using information you have read in your text, compare and contrast any three U.S.
racial-ethnic groups in terms of size (proportionate to the total U.S. population),
marriage patterns, fertility patterns, and economic advantages or disadvantages.
Answer will vary.
5-12
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.40.
(p. 161
-162)
Why were early waves of Cuban immigrants more successful over time in the
United States than later waves?
Answer will vary.
41.
(p. 143
-144)
Why do sociologists separate racial-ethnic groups for the study of family?
Answer will vary.
42.
(p. 148
-154)
In what three ways do the marriage patterns of black women differ from those of
white women in the United States?
Answer will vary.
43.
(p. 157
-160)
Describe some of the trends in patterns of immigration to the United States among
Mexican Americans and Puerto Rican Americans. How might these have affected
family life?
Answer will vary.
44.
(p. 159
-160)
Puerto Americans in the United States tend to be the most economically
disadvantaged Hispanics. Thinking in terms of immigration and other factors, how
would you explain this disadvantage?
Answer will vary.
5-13
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.45.
(p. 167
-169)
Describe why the rates of racial and ethnic marriage vary so greatly. Using one of
the low-end groups and one of the high-end groups, give some of the differences
between the two racial-ethnic groups and explain why they are less inclined or
more inclined to intermarry.
Answer will vary.
46.
(p. 150
-152)
Explain the two major factors that Cherlin believes explain the decrease in African
American marriages and the increase in children born to unmarried mothers.
Answer will vary.
47.
(p. 150
-151)
Explain how the following fact affects family relationships in the United States: For
every three black unmarried women in their twenties, there is roughly one
unmarried black man with earnings above the poverty line.
Answer will vary.
48.
(p. 160
)
Name two kinds of socially recognized unions among Puerto Ricans. How do they
differ?
Answer will vary.
49.
(p. 156
)
What is meant by a “mediating structure”, and what does it do for African
American families?
Answer will vary
5-14
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.50.
(p. 167
)
Why is it difficult today to talk about the American Indian family?
Answer will vary.
5-15
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
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