Chapter 9 Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Advancing Science and Technologies

Chapter 9  Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Advancing Science and Technologies

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following factors must be considered in ethical decisions regarding interventions and preterm neonates?
a.
The risks associated with the proposed intervention
b.
The stress on the parents of the child
c.
The comfort level of the child
d.
All of the above

ANS: D
Correct D: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

Incorrect A: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.
Incorrect B: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.
Incorrect C: All of the above must be considered. Preterm infants have many complications, requiring a multitude of often aggressive interventions. The risks and benefits to the child, the child’s comfort level, and the stress on the parents must all be considered. The health care team should engage in a collaborative process with the parents and consider alternative approaches to ethical challenges that build on relationships of trust and care, rather than simply focusing on the parents’ autonomy.

DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge REF: p. 312

2. Which of the following is the most significant in terms of ethical debate or potential ethical dilemmas?
a.
Using birth control pills
b.
Defining infertility as a medical condition
c.
Undergoing a Caesarian section
d.
Having ultrasound performed during pregnancy

ANS: B
Correct B: Birth control, ultrasound, and Caesarian sections may conflict with the values of some people, but are all generally accepted as ethical practices. Defining infertility as a medical condition, as opposed to a social condition, is an ethical debate. Classifying infertility as a disease requiring medical solutions (e.g., fertility treatments) would open the door for reproductive technologies to be publicly funded.

Incorrect A: Birth control may conflict with the values of some people, but it is generally accepted as an ethical practice.
Incorrect C: Caesarian sections may conflict with the values of some people, but they are generally accepted as an ethical practice.
Incorrect D: Ultrasounds may conflict with the values of some people, but they are generally accepted as an ethical practice.

DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis REF: p. 298

3. Which of the following is the strongest argument against egg donation?
a.
The donor is usually younger than the recipient.
b.
Ovarian stimulation is inappropriate.
c.
The donor may be anonymous.
d.
There is the potential for abuse of the system.

ANS: D
Correct D: The strongest argument against egg donation is the ethical issue that there is the potential for abuse of the system, including the commodification of women’s reproduction. Presently in Canada, the sale of human tissue or body parts, including eggs, is illegal.

Incorrect A: The donor is usually younger than the recipient, but this is not the concern.
Incorrect B: Ovarian stimulation may be an ethical issue for some, but this is not the greatest concern.
Incorrect C: The anonymity of the donors may pose an ethical dilemma to some individuals, but this is not the greatest concern.

DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis REF: pp. 300, 307