Zoology 9Th Edition By Miller – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

 

Chapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Chapter 05

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Natural selection acts on individual __________, not on individual genes.

A. phenotypes

B. karyotypes

C. genotypes

D. whole chromosomes

E. whole communities

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2. The total genetic makeup of a population is the

A. genotype.

B. gene pool.

C. phenotype.

D. karyotype.

E. RNA pool.

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3. The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is

A. geneology.

B. molecular biology.

C. population genetics.

D. phenology.

E. molecular genetics.

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4. A group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and

share a common set of genes is the definition of a/an

A. organism.

B. ecosystem.

C. community.

D. population.

E. gene pool.

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5. One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

A. the size of the population is small.

B. gene frequencies change by chance alone.

C. migration into and out of the population occurs regularly.

D. mating within the population is random.

E. mutations occur regularly.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Blooms Level: 02. UnderstandChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

6. One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that

A. mating within the population is nonrandom.

B. the size of the population is small.

C. gene frequencies change by chance alone.

D. migration into and out of the population occurs regularly.

E. mutations must not occur or a mutational equilibrium must exist.

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7. A group of inter-breeding individuals of the same species living in the same time and space

that may share genes is a/an

A. population.

B. ecosystem.

C. community.

D. biome.

E. ecotone.

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8. The work of Peter and Rosemary Grant on morphological changes in the bills of Galápagos

finches shows that evolution can be

A. convergent.

B. rapid.

C. divergent.

D. gradual.

E. sympatric.

Blooms Level: 01. RememberChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

9. Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of

phenotype A is 96%, the frequency of A in the next generation would be

A. 8%.

B. 16%.

C. 96%.

D. 48%.

E. Hardy-Weinberg theory cannot predict the frequency of a phenotype, only a genotype.

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10. When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved, evolution

A. occurs slowly and at a constant rate.

B. occurs rapidly and at a constant rate.

C. occurs in “bursts.”

D. does not occur.

E. alternates between a constant rate and “bursts,” but never ceases.

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11. Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?

A. The population size must be large.

B. Sexual reproduction within the population must be random.

C. No migration is occurring in or out of the population.

D. Mutations are not occurring or mutational equilibrium has been reached.

E. Natural selection is acting on the population.

Blooms Level: 01. RememberChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

12. When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population, the population is

responding to:

A. selection pressure.

B. peer pressure.

C. teleology.

D. equilibrium pressure.

E. genetic drift.

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13. __________ selection may occur when a phenotype at one extreme of a distribution is at a

disadvantage.

A. Deleterious

B. Directional

C. Disruptive

D. Discretional

E. Stabilizing

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14. An excellent example of directional selection is

A. aposematic coloration.

B. Mullerian mimicry.

C. change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution.

D. cryptic coloration.

E. that Limulus has remained relatively unchanged over millions of years.

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Blooms Level: 03. ApplyChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

15. When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at a relative disadvantage within the

population, __________ selection is occurring.

A. directional

B. deleterious

C. stabilizing

D. disruptive

E. discretionary

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16. A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected

against is __________ selection.

A. directional

B. deleterious

C. discretionary

D. disruptive

E. stabilizing

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17. An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a:

A. horseshoe crab.

B. dendrobatid frog.

C. peppered moth.

D. Viceroy butterfly.

E. Monarch butterfly.

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Blooms Level: 03. ApplyChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

18. When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population, __________

has occurred.

A. preadaptation

B. genetic drift

C. adaptation

D. adaptive radiation

E. genetic radiation

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19. Genetic drift is most likely to have noticeable effects in:

A. large populations where migration occurs regularly.

B. small populations where migration occurs regularly.

C. large populations where mutation occurs regularly.

D. small, isolated populations.

E. small populations where mutation and migration occur regularly.

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20. The unusual gene frequencies of the Dunker population of eastern Pennsylvania are due to

this phenomenon, which is seen frequently when small groups with unrepresentative gene

frequencies break off from a larger population.

A. unidirectional selection

B. population bottleneck

C. neutral allele

D. disruptive selection

E. founder effect

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Blooms Level: 03. ApplyChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

21. Vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin are thought to have arisen from a common

ancestral molecule due to __________ and subsequent modification.

A. gene duplication

B. multiple replication of DNA

C. crossing over

D. aneuploidy

E. multiple transcription of mRNA

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22. Overhunting of the elephant seal dramatically reduced its numbers in the 1800s. The

population has since increased, but due to the _____________ effect its genetic diversity is

still very low.

A. bottleneck

B. neutral

C. disruptive

D. founder

E. reduction

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23. Mutational equilibrium exists when

A. only neutral mutations are occurring.

B. only positive mutations are occurring.

C. only negative mutations are occurring.

D. mutations from wild-type to mutant are balanced by mutations from mutant to wild-type.

E. mutation pressure becomes higher than the influence of genetic drift.

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24. Evolution in __________ populations of animals is believed to occur extremely rarely.

A. sympatric

B. parapatric

C. allopatric

D. small

E. reproductively isolated

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25. Mutations of an organism’s DNA are

A. always harmful to the organism.

B. extremely rare in natural populations.

C. are always directed toward the good of the individual.

D. accumulated in the somatic cells through life and passed to offspring.

E. sometimes silent and carried through generations with no ill effects.

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26. In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia, and exposed to malaria,

several genotypes persist in a

A. sex-linked trait.

B. genetic drift.

C. disruptive selection.

D. the bottleneck effect.

E. balanced polymorphism.

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Blooms Level: 03. ApplyChapter 05 – Evolution and Gene Frequencies

27. The biological definition of a __________ is a group of populations in which genes are

actually, or potentially, exchanged through inter-breeding.

A. species

B. cohort

C. cline

D. subspecies

E. community

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28. A requirement for speciation is that subpopulations

A. continue to interact with one another.

B. become reproductively isolated from one another.

C. undergo clining.

D. never experience mutations.

E. exhibit balanced polymorphism.

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29. Geographic isolation can lead to speciation, and when it does, the speciation is called

A. allelopathic.

B. parapatric.

C. allopatric.

D. parapathetic.

E. sympatric.

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30. Parapatric speciation may occur among small, local populations called

A. demes.

B. clines.

C. cohorts.

D. communities.

E. pools.

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31. Darwin perceived evolutionary change as occurring gradually over millions of years; this

has been the traditional interpretation of the pace of evolution and is referred to as

A. punctuated equilibrium.

B. gradualistic equilibrium.

C. phyletic gradualism.

D. phyletic punctuation.

E. the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

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32. In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, long periods of stasis are characterized

by __________ selection.

A. directional

B. disruptive

C. deleterious

D. stabilizing

E. neutral

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33. In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, periods of evolution are:

A. long, with gradual change

B. long, with rapid change

C. long, with fluctuating change

D. short, with slow change

E. short, with rapid change

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