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Chapter 8 Thinking Critically, Making Decisions, Solving Problems
Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
Sample Questions
1) The nurse manager is challenged to find an innovative way to adequately staff the unit and provide quality
nursing care. Which describes the ability to create an effective, innovative staffing pattern?
1. Creativity
2. Problem solving
3. Brainstorming
4. Decision making
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Creativity is a part of the critical thinking process that fosters the development and
implementation of new approaches to different situations. Problem solving infers there is a
problem that needs a solution. Brainstorming generates diverse ideas with many superficial
solutions. Decision making identifies one effective, not necessarily innovative, strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Creativity is a part of the critical thinking process that fosters the development and
implementation of new approaches to different situations. Problem solving infers there is a
problem that needs a solution. Brainstorming generates diverse ideas with many superficial
solutions. Decision making identifies one effective, not necessarily innovative, strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Creativity is a part of the critical thinking process that fosters the development and
implementation of new approaches to different situations. Problem solving infers there is a
problem that needs a solution. Brainstorming generates diverse ideas with many superficial
solutions. Decision making identifies one effective, not necessarily innovative, strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Creativity is a part of the critical thinking process that fosters the development and
implementation of new approaches to different situations. Problem solving infers there is a
problem that needs a solution. Brainstorming generates diverse ideas with many superficial
solutions. Decision making identifies one effective, not necessarily innovative, strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 8-2: Describe how to become more creative.
Test Taking Tip: Pay attention to words like ʺinnovativeʺ as they sometimes give hints as to the correct option.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 156
2) A nursing task force is created to determine whether a new model of differentiated practice would be more
effective than the current model. The task force analyzes data as a basis to examine alternatives. This process
exemplifies:
1. Group problem solving.
2. Critical thinking.
3. Group decision making.
4. Satisficing.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Critical thinking is a higher-level cognitive process that involves the examination of
assumptions, interpretation and analysis of arguments, and the development of a conclusion
that can be justified. Group problem solving addresses substantial issues and promotes
groupthink, which is contrary to critical thinking. Group decision making may create positive
decisions but does not necessarily involve critical thinking. Satisficing is a type of
decision-making strategy that identifies a strategy that is minimally acceptable.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Critical thinking is a higher-level cognitive process that involves the examination of
assumptions, interpretation and analysis of arguments, and the development of a conclusion
that can be justified. Group problem solving addresses substantial issues and promotes
groupthink, which is contrary to critical thinking. Group decision making may create positive
decisions but does not necessarily involve critical thinking. Satisficing is a type of
decision-making strategy that identifies a strategy that is minimally acceptable.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Critical thinking is a higher-level cognitive process that involves the examination of
assumptions, interpretation and analysis of arguments, and the development of a conclusion
that can be justified. Group problem solving addresses substantial issues and promotes
groupthink, which is contrary to critical thinking. Group decision making may create positive
decisions but does not necessarily involve critical thinking. Satisficing is a type of
decision-making strategy that identifies a strategy that is minimally acceptable.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Critical thinking is a higher-level cognitive process that involves the examination of
assumptions, interpretation and analysis of arguments, and the development of a conclusion
that can be justified. Group problem solving addresses substantial issues and promotes
groupthink, which is contrary to critical thinking. Group decision making may create positive
decisions but does not necessarily involve critical thinking. Satisficing is a type of
decision-making strategy that identifies a strategy that is minimally acceptable.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 8-1: Discuss why critical-thinking skills are essential to nurses.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply definitions in real nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 157
3) Which step should be done first for effective problem solving to occur?
1. Classify information into categories.
2. Brainstorm ideas about potential solutions.
3. Gather information to define the problem.
4. Categorize information in order of reliability.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. Problem solving begins with collecting the facts, which provides clues to the scope and
solution of the problem. Classification of information into categories such as human factors
and technical problems occurs after information has been gathered. Brainstorming is used to
develop solutions after information about the problem is analyzed. The information cannot be
sorted into an orderly arrangement until it has been collected.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Problem solving begins with collecting the facts, which provides clues to the scope and
solution of the problem. Classification of information into categories such as human factors
and technical problems occurs after information has been gathered. Brainstorming is used to
develop solutions after information about the problem is analyzed. The information cannot be
sorted into an orderly arrangement until it has been collected.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Problem solving begins with collecting the facts, which provides clues to the scope and
solution of the problem. Classification of information into categories such as human factors
and technical problems occurs after information has been gathered. Brainstorming is used to
develop solutions after information about the problem is analyzed. The information cannot be
sorted into an orderly arrangement until it has been collected.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Problem solving begins with collecting the facts, which provides clues to the scope and
solution of the problem. Classification of information into categories such as human factors
and technical problems occurs after information has been gathered. Brainstorming is used to
develop solutions after information about the problem is analyzed. The information cannot be
sorted into an orderly arrangement until it has been collected.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 8-3: Develop a plan to improve your decision-making and problem-solving skills.
Test Taking Tip: Always remember the nursing process, as it is usually a good indicator of appropriate steps in any
situation.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 158
4) A committee chair schedules a meeting to discuss all points of view and the possible solutions. Of which
technique is this an example?
1. Premature concurrence thinking
2. Dialectical inquiry
3. Gatekeeping
4. Mind guarding
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Dialectical inquiry minimizes groupthink by allowing disagreement and reducing the
emotional aspects associated with the conflict. Premature concurrence thinking promotes
self-censorship of ideas and exerts pressure to conform. Gatekeeping protects the group from
controversial information and discourages dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs
decision. Mind guards use gatekeeping to protect the group from controversial information
and discourage dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs decision.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Dialectical inquiry minimizes groupthink by allowing disagreement and reducing the
emotional aspects associated with the conflict. Premature concurrence thinking promotes
self-censorship of ideas and exerts pressure to conform. Gatekeeping protects the group from
controversial information and discourages dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs
decision. Mind guards use gatekeeping to protect the group from controversial information
and discourage dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs decision.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
3. Dialectical inquiry minimizes groupthink by allowing disagreement and reducing the
emotional aspects associated with the conflict. Premature concurrence thinking promotes
self-censorship of ideas and exerts pressure to conform. Gatekeeping protects the group from
controversial information and discourages dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs
decision. Mind guards use gatekeeping to protect the group from controversial information
and discourage dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs decision.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Dialectical inquiry minimizes groupthink by allowing disagreement and reducing the
emotional aspects associated with the conflict. Premature concurrence thinking promotes
self-censorship of ideas and exerts pressure to conform. Gatekeeping protects the group from
controversial information and discourages dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs
decision. Mind guards use gatekeeping to protect the group from controversial information
and discourage dissent by diverting doubts about the groupʹs decision.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 8-4: Compare and contrast individual and collective decision-making processes in various situations.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply definitions in real nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 159
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