Chapter 41 The Child with an Infectious Disease

Chapter 41  The Child with an Infectious Disease

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement made by an adolescent girl indicates an understanding about the prevention

of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
a. “I know the only way to prevent STDs is to not be sexually active.”
b. “I practice safe sex because I wash myself right after sex.”
c. “I won’t get any kind of STD because I take the pill.”
d. “I only have sex if my boyfriend wears a condom.”

ANS: A
Abstinence is the only foolproof way to prevent an STD. STDs are transmitted through body
fluids (semen, vaginal fluids, blood). Perineal hygiene will not prevent an STD. Oral
contraceptives do not protect women from contracting STDs. A condom can reduce but not
eliminate an individual’s chance of acquiring an STD. However, the nurse should encourage
condom use 100% of the time to decrease the risk.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding
REF: p. 926 | Patient-Centered Teaching Box
OBJ: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Which STD should the nurse suspect when an adolescent girl comes to the clinic because

she has a vaginal discharge that is white with a fishy smell?
a. Human papillomavirus
b. Bacterial vaginosis
c. Trichomonas
d. Chlamydia

ANS: B
Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a profuse, white, malodorous (fishy smelling) vaginal
discharge that sticks to the vaginal walls. Manifestations of the human papillomavirus are
anogenital warts that begin as small papules and grow into clustered lesions. Infections with
Trichomonas are frequently asymptomatic. Symptoms in females may include dysuria,
vaginal itching, burning, and a frothy, yellowish-green, foul-smelling discharge. Many
people with chlamydial infection have few or no symptoms. Urethritis with dysuria, urinary
frequency, or mucopurulent discharge may indicate chlamydial infection.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 928 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

3. A child taking oral corticosteroids for asthma is exposed to varicella. The child has not had

the varicella vaccine and has never had the disease. What intervention should be taken to
prevent varicella from developing?
a. No intervention is needed unless varicella develops.
b. Administer the varicella vaccine as soon as possible.

c. The child should begin a course of oral antibiotics.
d. The child should be prescribed acyclovir.

ANS: D
For children who are immunosuppressed (such as from corticosteroids), acyclovir is the
treatment of choice to prevent infection. Action is needed due to the risk of serious
complications. The varicella vaccine is a live virus vaccine and is contraindicated for an
immunosuppressed child. An antibiotic is not effective in treating varicella zoster, which is
a virus.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 914 OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

4. A nurse is conducting a health education class for a group of school-age children. Which

statement made by the nurse is correct about the body’s first line of defense against
infection in the innate immune system?
a. Nutritional status
b. Skin integrity
c. Immunization status
d. Proper hygiene practices

ANS: B
The first lines of defense in the innate immune system are the skin and intact mucous
membranes. Nutritional status is an indicator of overall health, but it is not the first line of
defense in the innate immune system. Immunizations provide artificial immunity or
resistance to harmful diseases. Practicing good hygiene may reduce susceptibility to disease,
but it is not a component of the innate immune system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding
REF: p. 904 OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

5. The mother of an infant with multiple anomalies tells the nurse that she had a viral infection

in the beginning of her pregnancy. Which viral infection is associated with fetal anomalies?
a. Measles
b. Roseola
c. Rubella
d. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

ANS: C
The rubella virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus, causing fetal anomalies.
Measles is not associated with congenital defects. Most cases of roseola occur in children 6
to 18 months old. HSV can be transmitted to the newborn infant during vaginal delivery,
causing multisystem disease. It is not transmitted transplacentally to the fetus during
gestation.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
REF: p. 910 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity