Chapter 34 Nutrition

Chapter 34  Nutrition

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A client has mouth ulcers and esophageal strictures. The nurse realizes this client’s digestion is going to be affected because digestion is:
a.
the mechanical and chemical processes that convert nutrients into a physically absorbable state.
b.
the process by which monosaccharides, fatty acid chains, vitamins, minerals, and water pass through the epithelial membranes in the intestines into the blood or lymph systems.
c.
the aggregate of all chemical reactions and other bodily functions as they relate to the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion.
d.
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes.

ANS: A
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical processes that convert nutrients into a physically absorbable state. Absorption is the process by which monosaccharides, fatty acid chains, vitamins, minerals, and water pass through the epithelial membranes in the intestines into the blood or lymph systems. Metabolism is the aggregate of all chemical reactions and other bodily functions as they relate to the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose by enzymes.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Physiology of Nutrition

2. A client is diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency. The nurse realizes that the dietary substance that does NOT require chemical digestion by enzymes for absorption would be:
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
fats.
b.
proteins.
d.
vitamins.

ANS: D
All carbohydrates, proteins and fats need conversion into different substances by enzymes before being utilized by the body for energy, body tissue maintenance, and body processes. Vitamins do not need enzymes for absorption into the body.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Physiology of Nutrition

3. During an assessment, the nurse learns that the client ingests a minimal amount of fiber every day. What function does dietary fiber serve in the body?
a.
Absorbs water in the large intestine
b.
Increases the absorption of vitamins and minerals
c.
Assists in the breakdown of carbohydrates
d.
Stimulates anabolism

ANS: A
Dietary fiber absorbs water in the large intestine, promoting the formation of a soft, bulky stool that moves quickly through the large intestine. Dietary fiber does not increase the absorption of vitamins and minerals. Dietary fiber does not assist in the breakdown of carbohydrates. Dietary fiber does not stimulate anabolism.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Physiology of Nutrition

4. The nurse, using the Food Guide Pyramid, should instruct an adult client to:
a.
choose butter and lard for most of the client’s fat sources.
b.
consume fruit juices.
c.
consume whole milk products.
d.
eat more dark green and orange vegetables.

ANS: D
The client should be instructed eat more dark green and orange vegetables. The client should be instructed to limit fat sources from butter and lard, limit fruit juices, and consume low-fat or fat-free dairy products.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application
REF: Figure 34-6 Steps to a Healthier You: MyPyramid

5. A client tells the nurse that he rarely drinks straight water. The nurse realizes that all of the following are true about water, EXCEPT:
a.
the normal daily turnover of water is 4% of an adult’s total body weight.
b.
water is the most abundant nutrient in the body.
c.
body water increases as body fat increases.
d.
body water decreases with aging.

ANS: C
Water is the most abundant nutrient in the body. The normal daily turnover of water is 4% of an adult’s total body weight. Body water decreases with aging as body fat increases with aging.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nutrients: Water