Chapter 29 Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Chapter 29  Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The movement of fluid from extracellular to intracellular compartments is most dependent upon which of the following?
A.
Age
B.
Water intake
C.
Potassium balance
D.
Percentage of body fat

____ 2. Which of the following body processes is an example of diffusion?
A.
The movement of oxygen into the blood.
B.
The movement of water into the bloodstream after the injection of radiopaque dye.
C.
The movement of blood into a tube during a blood draw.
D.
The movement of fluid out of the bloodstream due to the force of the heart’s contractions.

____ 3. While preparing for a rotation in the intensive care unit, a student nurse is told in report that the patient is “third spacing.” Which of the following symptoms does the student expect to see?
A.
Elevated body temperature.
B.
Large amounts of dilute urine.
C.
High blood pressure.
D.
Swelling in the extremities.

____ 4. While caring for a patient with dehydration, the nurse is most likely to include which of the following in the patient’s plan of care?
A.
Chronic pain.
B.
Alteration in body temperature.
C.
Ineffective airway clearance.
D.
Readiness for enhanced coping.

____ 5. A nurse working in the sports medicine complex is counseling a female college athlete about dietary concerns. Which of the following recommendations should be included in the teaching?
A.
“It is important for you to drink about a liter of fluid each day.”
B.
“You should be drinking 4 to 5 glasses of water every day.”
C.
“A woman your age needs to drink nearly 3 liters of fluid a day.”
D.
“Now that you’ve finished growing, you don’t need as much fluid as you did before.”

Chapter 29. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B

Feedback
A
Fluid movement is most related to water intake.
B
This movement of fluid is controlled by several processes, including osmosis, diffusion, and filtration, all of which are partially related to fluid volume. The volume of fluid is directly affected by the amount of water ingested and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Chapter Objective: Describe the functions, distribution, and regulation of body fluids.
C
Fluid movement is most related to water intake.
D
Fluid movement is most related to water intake.

PTS: 1 REF: Chapter: 29 | Page: 647 OBJ: Chapter Objective: 29-2
KEY: Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Knowledge

2. ANS: A

Feedback
A
The oxygen concentration would be higher in the lung than it is in the blood, causing it to diffuse across the alveolar membrane into the bloodstream. Chapter Objective: Describe the functions, distribution, and regulation of body fluids.
B
This is due to osmosis.
C
This is due to a negative pressure.
D
This is due to capillary pressures.

PTS: 1 REF: Chapter: 29 | Page: 648 OBJ: Chapter Objective: 29-2
KEY: Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Evaluation | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Comprehension

3. ANS: D

Feedback
A
This is generally due to an infectious process.
B
Less urine output is generally seen when a patient is third spacing.
C
The blood pressure is usually lowered.
D
The effects of third spacing include the following: Lowers the volume of the blood, thereby lowering the blood pressure, and increases the volume of fluid in the interstitial spaces, possibly causing excessive edema. Chapter Objectives: Define key terms associated with fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Identify key assessment findings of fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances.

PTS: 1 REF: Chapter: 29 | Page: 649
OBJ: Chapter Objectives: 29-1| Chapter Objectives: 29-9
KEY: Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

4. ANS: B

Feedback
A
Chronic pain is not associated with dehydration.
B
When patients are dehydrated, they can lose the ability to regulate their own temperature; fever may result. Chapter Objective: Restate key areas of concern for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
C
Airway clearance is not generally affected by dehydration, although mucous membranes may be more dry.
D
This is a psychosocial problem and therefore not the highest priority; there is no consistent connection between dehydration and poor coping.

PTS: 1 REF: Chapter: 29 | Page: 649 OBJ: Chapter Objective: 29-11
KEY: Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

5. ANS: C

Feedback
A
This is insufficient fluid intake.
B
This is not enough fluid intake.
C
According to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), adequate intake of water for men between 19 and 30 years of age is 3.7 liters; for young women in the same age group, adequate water intake is 2.7 liters. Chapter Objective: Explain nursing care for fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
D
This is not true.

PTS: 1 REF: Chapter: 29 | Page: 650 OBJ: Chapter Objective: 29-10
KEY: Content Area: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances | Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application