Chapter 27 Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ Failure

Chapter 27  Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ Failure

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Distinguishing between hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema is often difficult, even for skilled clinicians.
a.
True
b.
False

ANS: A
Unfortunately, because of similarities in clinical presentations, differentiating hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema often is difficult for even the most skilled clinician.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 600 OBJ: 7

2. The mortality rate for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has remained stable over the past two three decades.
a.
True
b.
False

ANS: B
Despite uncertainties regarding the incidence of ARDS, it appears that the mortality associated with ARDS has declined over the past three decades from more than 90% to its present level of 30-40%.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 600 OBJ: 1

3. Which of the following is not a risk factor for ARDS?
a.
viral pneumonia
b.
gastric aspiration
c.
near-drowning
d.
diabetes

ANS: D
See Box 27-1.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 601 OBJ: 2

4. Which of the following factors are associated with a higher risk for ARDS?
1. gastric aspiration
2. multiple transfusions
3. septic shock
4. burn injury
a.
1 and 3
b.
2 and 4
c.
1, 2, 3, and 4
d.
3

ANS: A
For example, gastric aspiration and septic shock (sepsis with refractory hypotension) are associated with a greater than 25% risk of ARDS, whereas the administration of multiple blood transfusions carries an ARDS risk of less than 5%.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 601 OBJ: 2

5. According to the Starling’s equation, which forces influence the movement of fluid from the bloodstream to the interstitium?
1. microvascular hydrostatic pressure
2. interstitial osmotic pressure
3. microvascular osmotic pressure
4. interstitial hydrostatic pressure
a.
1
b.
1 and 2
c.
3 and 4
d.
1 and 4

ANS: B
Under normal conditions, forces influencing the movement of fluid from the bloodstream to the interstitium of the lungs [microvascular hydrostatic pressure (Pmv) + interstitial osmotic pressure (TTi)] are slightly greater than forces opposing this movement [microvascular osmotic pressure (TTmv) + interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Pi)].

DIF: Recall REF: p. 602 OBJ: 3