Chapter 18 Vaccines and Sera

Chapter 18  Vaccines and Sera

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1.
The nursing instructor is discussing immunity with her clinical group. What statement would the instructor make that would be accurate about immunity?
A)
Active immunity occurs with injected antibodies that react with specific antigens.
B)
Serum sickness results when the body fights antibodies injected as a form of active immunity.
C)
Passive immunity occurs when foreign proteins are recognized and the body produces antibodies.
D)
Passive immunity is limited, lasting only as long as the antibodies circulate.
Ans:
D

Feedback:

Unlike active immunity, passive immunity is limited. It lasts only as long as the circulating antibodies last because the body does not produce its own antibodies as found in active immunity. People are born with active immunity in which the body recognizes a foreign protein and begins producing antibodies to react with specific proteins or antigens. Serum sickness is a massive immune reaction against the injected antibodies that occur with passive immunity.

2.
A mother brings her 18-month-old child into the clinic for a well-baby check-up. A nurse will administer measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) to the child. What dosage will the nurse administer?
A)
1.0 mL subcutaneously
B)
0.75 mL subcutaneously
C)
0.5 mL subcutaneously
D)
0.25 mL subcutaneously
Ans:
C

Feedback:

The nurse will administer 0.5 mL. This is the recommended dose for adults and children older than 15 months of age.

3.
A public health nurse is on a mission trip to Africa where she is administering Dryvax. The patient asks the purpose of this drug and the nurse explains it will prevent what?
A)
Yellow fever
B)
Smallpox
C)
Chickenpox
D)
Rabies
Ans:
B

Feedback:

Dryvax is the immunization for smallpox disease. Varivax is the immunization for chickenpox infection. YF-Vax is the immunization for yellow fever and RabAvert is the immunization for rabies.

4.
The mother of a newborn is learning about immunization schedules. The nurse tells this mother her child will ideally receive the immunization for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) on what schedule?
A)
2 months, 4 months, between 6 and 18 months, and between 4 and 6 years
B)
2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 12 and 15 months
C)
Between 12 and 15 months and between 4 and 6 years
D)
Between 24 months and 18 years of age
Ans:
C

Feedback:

The recommended schedule for the MMR is the first dose between 12 and 15 months and the second dose between 4 and 6 years. The schedule for inactivated poliovirus is 2 and 4 months, between 6 and 18 months, and between 4 and 6 years. Immunization for Haemophilus influenzae is 2, 4, and 6 months and between 12 and 15 months. The schedule for hepatitis A is between 24 months and 18 years of age.

5.
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother. The patient has a note from his basketball coach explaining that a member of the team has been diagnosed with hepatitis A infection. The nurse notes that the patient has an extensive list of allergies. What is the nurse’s priority action when administering the immune globulin?
A)
Perform a hepatitis A antibody check.
B)
Monitor the patient carefully and have emergency equipment ready if needed.
C)
Apply ice to the injection site to slow the absorption of the serum.
D)
Give the patient aspirin and a corticosteroid before the injection to modulate reaction.
Ans:
B

Feedback:

If a patient has known allergies, it is important to monitor the patient carefully and have emergency equipment ready if needed after injection of proteins such as immune globulin. Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, could occur. Ice would slow absorption of the immune globulin, delaying the reaction and delivery of the immune globulin to the bloodstream where it can act on the hepatitis A virus. If a person had hepatitis A antibodies, the immune globulin would not be needed. The delay in getting that information could be problematic if the patient had been exposed to hepatitis A. Aspirin should be avoided in children due to risk of Reye’s syndrome. Corticosteroids can reduce immune response and so would be contraindicated.