Chapter 18 Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery

Chapter 18  Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The external ear, which includes the auricle (or pinna) and external auditory canal, is composed of cartilage covered with skin. The primary function of the auricle is to:

1. gather and direct sound waves toward the inner ear.
2. concentrate and conduct incoming sound waves into the external auditory canal.
3. collect and amplify incoming sound waves by facilitating tympanic membrane

   vibration.

4. facilitate air conduction of sound waves.

ANS: B
The auricles are fixed in position and lie close to the head; they concentrate incoming sound waves and conduct them into the external auditory canal.

REF: Page 657

2. Both ears provide stereophonic hearing that gives us very specific hearing capabilities. Binaural hearing makes it possible for:

1. determination of the source location of sounds.
2. enhanced voice recognition.
3. amplification and resolution of sound properties.
4. recognition of more than one sound at a time.

ANS: A
Both ears provide stereophonic hearing that gives us very specific sound localization capabilities. Without binaural hearing, determining where sounds emanate can be difficult; this is a common problem for patients with unilateral or asymmetric hearing loss.

REF: Page 657

3. The external ear canal lining is protected and lubricated with cerumen (earwax), which traps foreign material and:

1. liquefies foreign matter in the ear canal.
2. lubricates the external ear.
3. maintains the acidic pH in the ear canal.
4. reduces bacterial levels in the outer ear.

ANS: D
The canal lining is protected and lubricated with cerumen, a waxy substance secreted by sebaceous glands in the distal third of the canal. Cerumen helps to trap foreign material, and has a mildly acidic pH that reduces bacterial levels in the outer ear.

REF: Page 657

Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 18-2

4. A chain of three small articulated bones extends across the middle ear cavity and conducts vibrations from the tympanic membrane across the middle ear into the oval window and the fluid-filled inner ear. What are the names of those three small articulating bones?

1. Ossicles, incus, and crura
2. Stapes, capitulum, and stirrup
3. Malleus, incus, and stapes
4. Anvil, head, and hammer

ANS: C
The malleus (hammer) consists of a head, neck, handle, and short process. The handle and short process are attached to the undersurface of the eardrum, and the head articulates with the body of the incus in the upper segment of the middle ear called the epitympanum or “attic.” The incus (anvil) consists of a body and long and short processes (see Figure 18-2). The distal end of the long process of the incus is called the lenticular process and articulates with the capitulum (head) of the stapes, which is the third, innermost bone. The stapes (stirrup) consists of a head, neck, anterior and posterior crura, and a mobile footplate that is secured to the oval window by an annular ligament. The movable joints between these ossicles contribute to a lever system that amplifies the received sound and transmits and converts vibrations from ambient air to the fluid of the inner ear.

REF: Pages 657-658

5. The nose is divided into the prominent external portion and the internal portion known as the nasal cavity. The primary purpose of the nose is to:

1. facilitate the sense of smell.
2. warm inspired air.
3. moisturize inspired air.
4. prepare inspired air for the lungs.

ANS: D
The chief purpose of the nose is to prepare air for use in the lungs.

REF: Page 659

6. The nasal septum is lined with blood vessels and mucus-secreting cells. The proper name of this lining is the:

1. Mucoperichondrium
2. Septochondrium
3. Nasoseptal mucosa
4. Cartilaginous vascular bed

ANS: A
The nasal septum is composed of three structures: the nasal cartilage, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and the vomer bone. The septum is covered by mucoperichondrium on either side that contains blood vessels and mucus-secreting cells. The rich blood supply warms and moistens the air while the sticky mucus traps dust, pollen, and other small particles.

REF: Page 659

Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 18-3