Chapter 17 Developmental Concepts

Chapter 17  Developmental Concepts

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1.
A child demonstrates increasing language skills and an understanding of symbols. Creative play and the use of imagination is an important activity in the child’s life. Based upon these characteristics and according to Jean Piaget’s theory, what stage of cognitive development is the child demonstrating?
A)
Preoperational stage
B)
Sensorimotor stage
C)
Concrete operational stage
D)
Formal operational stage
Ans:
A

Feedback:

The preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7 years) is characterized by the beginning use of symbols, through increased language skills and pictures. Play activities during this time help the child understand life events and relationships. The sensorimotor stage (birth to 24 months) is marked by stages that begin with the demonstration of basic reflexes through beginning development in reasoning skills. The concrete operational stage (ages 7 to 11 years) is characterized by the development of logical thinking, an understanding of reversibility, relations to numbers, and the loss of egocentricity. The formal operational stage (age 11 years and older) is characterized by the use of abstract thinking and deductive reasoning.

2.
A female client age 35 years explains to the community health nurse that her primary focus daily is the care of her family, her job, and her volunteer activities at her church. The client verbalizes contentment with her various roles and the balancing of these roles. According to the theory on “individual life structure” developed by Daniel Levinson and associates, this client is demonstrating characteristics associated with what phase of adulthood?
A)
Settling down
B)
Early adult transition
C)
Entering the adult world
D)
Midlife transition
Ans:
A

Feedback:

In the settling-down phase (age 30-40), the adult invests energy into the areas of life that are most important, such as family, work, and community. The years of the middle to late 20s (age 22-28) are a time to build on previous decisions and choices, and to try different careers and lifestyles. It is defined as the phase of “entering the adult world.” During early adult transition, the major concerns of the young adult (age 18-22) are to break away from the parents, to make initial career choices, and to establish intimate relationships. Midlife transition (age 40-45) involves a reappraisal of one’s goals and values.

3.
A child who attends church with his parents imitates religious gesture but does not have an understanding of these religious behaviors. The child also asks his parents, “How do you know God exists? Have you ever seen him?” This child is described as having characteristics associated with which stage of faith development as defined by Fowler?
A)
Intuitive–Projective Faith
B)
Mystical–Literal Faith
C)
Synthetic–Conventional Faith
D)
Individuative–Reflective Faith
Ans:
A

Feedback:

The child is demonstrating characteristics of the stage of Intuitive–Projective Faith. During this stage, the child takes on parental attitudes toward religious or moral beliefs without an understanding of them. During the Mystical–Literal Faith stage, the child accepts the existence of a deity. Synthetic–Conventional Faith is the characteristic stage for many adolescents when they begin to question life-guiding values or religious practices in an attempt to stabilize their own identity. The Individuative–Reflective Faith stage often occurs during the older adolescent and young adult years, as individuals become responsible for their own commitments, beliefs, and attitudes.

4.
After a child plays in the yard, his mother asks him to pick up his toys and put them in the toy bin in the garage. Knowing that he does not want to spend time in his room as a punishment, the child follows his mother’s directions. What stage of moral development, according to Kohlberg, is this child demonstrating?
A)
Preconventional level: stage 1
B)
Preconventional level: stage 2
C)
Conventional level: stage 1
D)
Conventional level: stage 2
Ans:
A

Feedback:

The preconventional level is based on external control as the child learns to conform to rules imposed by authority figures. At stage 1 (punishment and obedience orientation), the motivation for choices of action is fear of physical consequences of authority’s disapproval. At stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the thought of receiving a reward overcomes fear of punishment, so actions that satisfy this desire are selected. The conventional level involves identifying with significant others and conforming to their expectations.

5.
A boy age 4 years is constantly seeking out and exploring new experiences, and repeatedly asking his parents why-type questions. The boy’s behavior suggests that he is successfully navigating an important developmental task within the developmental theory of:
A)
Erikson
B)
Freud
C)
Kohlberg
D)
Fowler
Ans:
A

Feedback:

Erikson characterized development as a series of crises. The preschooler typically must choose between initiative (seeking new experiences and learning) and guilt. Freud focuses on psychosexuality while Kohlberg prioritizes moral development. Fowler explains development through the lens of faith.