Chapter 16 Infection Prevention and Control: Protective Mechanisms and Asepsis

Chapter 16  Infection Prevention and Control: Protective Mechanisms and Asepsis

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. When a patient in the ambulatory clinic is diagnosed as having pneumococcal pneumonia, the nurse is aware that this infection:
a.
is viral and will not respond to antibiotics.
b.
is bacterial and should respond to treatment with antibiotics.
c.
is fungal and is caused by the alteration of the normal flora of the lung.
d.
is resultant from a resistant organism and extreme caution must be taken.

ANS: B
The coccal suffix indicates a bacterial infection with round cocci, which are bacteria that usually respond to antibiotic therapy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 221 OBJ: Theory #1
TOP: Infectious Agents KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

2. The nurse explains to the patient who has pneumococcal pneumonia that the lungs serve as the:
a.
mode of transfer.
b.
transmission of the disease.
c.
reservoir.
d.
organisms that cause the infection.

ANS: C
The reservoir is the place where the organism is found, such as a wound or, in this case, the infected lungs. Droplets are modes of transmission from the reservoir.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 220 OBJ: Theory #2
TOP: Process of Infection KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

3. The patient inquires about how his body will kill pathogens unassisted by antibiotics. The nurse responds that a process called phagocytosis will:
a.
stimulate the body to make more white blood cells.
b.
create antibodies against the pathogen.
c.
engulf and destroy the pathogen.
d.
stimulate the production of interferons.

ANS: C
Phagocytes that are stored in the GI tract, liver, and spleen kill pathogens by engulfing and destroying the invaders and cleaning up the debris.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 217|Box 16-1
OBJ: Theory #5 TOP: Body Defenses
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

4. The nurse explains that the immunizations against hepatitis B will:
a.
stimulate the body to make antibodies the hepatitis B antigen.
b.
offer immediate protection from hepatitis B by the injection of ready-made antibodies.
c.
introduce live antigens into the body that will stimulate the production of antibodies.
d.
offer protection against hepatitis A, C, and D, in addition to hepatitis B.

ANS: A
Artificially acquired immunization is achieved by introducing killed or attenuated pathogens that are recognized as antigens by the immune system but that are not able to cause disease. These antigens stimulate the formation of antibodies specific to hepatitis B only.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 225 OBJ: Theory #5
TOP: Immune Response KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

5. A mother and her 2-week-old infant, who is breastfed, have been exposed to chicken pox. Although the mother had chicken pox as a child, she is concerned about her baby. The nurse explains:
a.
the infant is at risk because the baby has not been immunized against the disease.
b.
both infant and mother are at risk because the mother’s immunity was acquired too long ago to be effective.
c.
the baby should receive immune globulin to protect him from the infection.
d.
neither are at risk, because the mother has naturally acquired immunity, and she passes antibodies to the baby through the breast milk.

ANS: D
Having had a disease such as chicken pox provides lifelong naturally acquired immunity, which allows the mother to pass on antibodies through the placenta and breast milk to protect the infant until his immune system is more mature.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 225 OBJ: Theory #4
TOP: Immune Response KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation