Chapter 15 Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Chapter 15  Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which nutrient’s recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is higher during lactation than during pregnancy?
a.
Energy (kcal)
b.
Iron
c.
Vitamin A
d.
Folic acid

ANS: A
Nutrient needs for energy—protein, calcium, iodine, zinc, B vitamins, and vitamin C—remain higher during lactation than during pregnancy. The need for iron is not higher during lactation than during pregnancy. A lactating woman does not have a greater requirement for vitamin A than a nonpregnant woman. Folic acid requirements are the highest during the first trimester of pregnancy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 364 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

2. A pregnant woman’s diet consists almost entirely of whole grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Which dietary requirement is the nurse most concerned about?
a.
Calcium
b.
Protein
c.
Vitamin B12
d.
Folic acid

ANS: C
A pregnant woman’s diet is consistent with that followed by a strict vegetarian (vegan). Vegans consume only plant products. Because vitamin B12 is found in foods of animal origin, this diet is deficient in vitamin B12. Depending on the woman’s food choices, a pregnant woman’s diet may be adequate in calcium. Protein needs can be sufficiently met by a vegetarian diet. The nurse should be more concerned with the woman’s intake of vitamin B12 attributable to her dietary restrictions. Folic acid needs can be met by enriched bread products.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 354
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

3. Which statement made by a lactating woman leads the nurse to believe that the client might have lactose intolerance?
a.
“I always have heartburn after I drink milk.”
b.
“If I drink more than a cup of milk, I usually have abdominal cramps and bloating.”
c.
“Drinking milk usually makes me break out in hives.”
d.
“Sometimes I notice that I have bad breath after I drink a cup of milk.”

ANS: B
Lactose intolerance, which is an inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactose in the small intestine, is a problem that interferes with milk consumption. Milk consumption may cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and diarrhea in such people, although many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate small amounts of milk without symptoms. A woman with lactose intolerance is more likely to experience bloating and cramping, not heartburn. A client who breaks out in hives after consuming milk is more likely to have a milk allergy and should be advised to simply brush her teeth after consuming dairy products.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 353
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

4. A client states that she does not drink milk. Which foods should the nurse encourage this woman to consume in greater amounts to increase her calcium intake?
a.
Fresh apricots
b.
Canned clams
c.
Spaghetti with meat sauce
d.
Canned sardines

ANS: D
Sardines are rich in calcium. Fresh apricots, canned clams, and spaghetti with meat sauce are not high in calcium.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 352 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

5. A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconceptual body mass index (BMI) of 19. What is this client’s total recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
a.
20 kg (44 lb)
b.
16 kg (35 lb)
c.
12.5 kg (27.5 lb)
d.
10 kg (22 lb)

ANS: C
This woman has a normal BMI and should gain 11.5 to 16 kg during her pregnancy. A weight gain of 20 kg (44 lb) is unhealthy for most women; a weight gain of 16 kg (35 lb) is at the high end of the range of weight this woman should gain in her pregnancy; and a weight gain of 10 kg (22 lb) is appropriate for an obese woman. This woman has a normal BMI, which indicates that her weight is average.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 348 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance