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Chapter 14 Budgeting and Managing Fiscal Resources
Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
Sample Questions
1) The type of budget in which budgeted amounts are set regardless of changes that occur during the year is
known as:
1. Fixed.
2. Incremental.
3. Variable.
4. Zero-based.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. A fixed budget is one in which budgeted amounts are set regardless of changes that occur
during the year, such as patient volume or program activities. An incremental, or line-by-line,
budget lists each expense item or category on a separate expense line. A variable budget is
developed with the understanding that adjustments to the budget may be made during the
year based on changes in revenue, patient census, utilization of supplies, and other expenses. A
zero-based budget assumes the base for projecting next yearʹs budget is zero.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Knowledge
2. A fixed budget is one in which budgeted amounts are set regardless of changes that occur
during the year, such as patient volume or program activities. An incremental, or line-by-line,
budget lists each expense item or category on a separate expense line. A variable budget is
developed with the understanding that adjustments to the budget may be made during the
year based on changes in revenue, patient census, utilization of supplies, and other expenses. A
zero-based budget assumes the base for projecting next yearʹs budget is zero.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. A fixed budget is one in which budgeted amounts are set regardless of changes that occur
during the year, such as patient volume or program activities. An incremental, or line-by-line,
budget lists each expense item or category on a separate expense line. A variable budget is
developed with the understanding that adjustments to the budget may be made during the
year based on changes in revenue, patient census, utilization of supplies, and other expenses. A
zero-based budget assumes the base for projecting next yearʹs budget is zero.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Knowledge
4. A fixed budget is one in which budgeted amounts are set regardless of changes that occur
during the year, such as patient volume or program activities. An incremental, or line-by-line,
budget lists each expense item or category on a separate expense line. A variable budget is
developed with the understanding that adjustments to the budget may be made during the
year based on changes in revenue, patient census, utilization of supplies, and other expenses. A
zero-based budget assumes the base for projecting next yearʹs budget is zero.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 14-3: Differentiate among types of budgets.
Test Taking Tip: The key word in the question is ʺset,ʺ which indicates the budget is fixed, or not flexible, and will not
change.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 291
2) The nurse manager identified that the census was higher than anticipated and the client acuity level was also
high; however, there were few nursing hours paid. This variance is an example of:
1. Efficiency.
2. Nonsalary expenditure.
3. Rate.
4. Volume.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Efficiency variance is a reflection of the difference between budgeted and actual nursing-care
hours provided. Nonsalary expenditure variance is a deviation from the budget as a result of
changes in client volume, supply quantities, or prices paid. Rate variance is the difference
between budgeted and actual hourly rates paid. Volume variances are the differences in the
budget as a result of increases or decreases in patient volume.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Efficiency variance is a reflection of the difference between budgeted and actual nursing-care
hours provided. Nonsalary expenditure variance is a deviation from the budget as a result of
changes in client volume, supply quantities, or prices paid. Rate variance is the difference
between budgeted and actual hourly rates paid. Volume variances are the differences in the
budget as a result of increases or decreases in patient volume.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Efficiency variance is a reflection of the difference between budgeted and actual nursing-care
hours provided. Nonsalary expenditure variance is a deviation from the budget as a result of
changes in client volume, supply quantities, or prices paid. Rate variance is the difference
between budgeted and actual hourly rates paid. Volume variances are the differences in the
budget as a result of increases or decreases in patient volume.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Efficiency variance is a reflection of the difference between budgeted and actual nursing-care
hours provided. Nonsalary expenditure variance is a deviation from the budget as a result of
changes in client volume, supply quantities, or prices paid. Rate variance is the difference
between budgeted and actual hourly rates paid. Volume variances are the differences in the
budget as a result of increases or decreases in patient volume.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 14-2: Describe how the budgeting process works.
Test Taking Tip: The key words to the question are ʺthere were few nursing hours paid.ʺ In other words, the nursing staff
worked with clients who required more time than the usual clients.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 292
3) The nurse manager reviews the salaries for the orthopedic technicians who are responsible for setting up
traction for the orthopedic clients. The nurse manager explains to her technicians their position does not
contribute to the charges the client incurs. This is referred to as the:
1. Fixed cost.
2. Variable cost.
3. Indirect cost.
4. Direct cost.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. Indirect costs are expenditures that are necessary but donʹt affect client care directly. Fixed
costs are costs that will remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization. Variable costs depend on and change in direct proportion to client volume
and acuity. Direct costs are expenses that directly affect client care such as nursing personnel
who provide hands-on client care.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Indirect costs are expenditures that are necessary but donʹt affect client care directly. Fixed
costs are costs that will remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization. Variable costs depend on and change in direct proportion to client volume
and acuity. Direct costs are expenses that directly affect client care such as nursing personnel
who provide hands-on client care.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Indirect costs are expenditures that are necessary but donʹt affect client care directly. Fixed
costs are costs that will remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization. Variable costs depend on and change in direct proportion to client volume
and acuity. Direct costs are expenses that directly affect client care such as nursing personnel
who provide hands-on client care.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Indirect costs are expenditures that are necessary but donʹt affect client care directly. Fixed
costs are costs that will remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization. Variable costs depend on and change in direct proportion to client volume
and acuity. Direct costs are expenses that directly affect client care such as nursing personnel
who provide hands-on client care.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 14-6: Describe how staff affect budgetary performance.
Test Taking Tip: The key words in the question are ʺtheir position does not contribute to the charges the client incurs,ʺ
which means the costs are incorporated in the charges for the procedure.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 293
4) The nurse has received a commendable progress evaluation and will receive a 3 percent merit raise. The base
salary for an RN is $40,000. Based on this information, what is the new projected base salary for this RN?
Answer: $41,200
Explanation: If a 3 percent cost-of-living raise is projected and the base salary for an RN is $40,000, then the new
base becomes $41,200.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 14-6: Describe how staff affect budgetary performance.
Test Taking Tip: Take 40,000 multiplied by 0.03, which equals 1,200. Add 1,200 to 40,000 to determine the new base salary.
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