Chapter 12 Stress & Adaptation

Chapter 12  Stress & Adaptation

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. When released in response to alarm, which of the following substances promotes a sense of well-being?
a)
Aldosterone
b)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
c)
Endorphins
d)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ANS: C
Endorphins act like opiates to produce a sense of well-being; they are released by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland in response to alarm. Aldosterone promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of water by renal tubules. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases the efficiency of cellular metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cell and muscle needs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids.

Difficulty: Moderate
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Knowledge

PTS: 1

2. After sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident, a patient experiences a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate despite surgical intervention and fluid resuscitation. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the patient most likely experiencing?
a)
Alarm
b)
Resistance
c)
Exhaustion
d)
Recovery

ANS: C
Physiological responses in the exhaustion stage include low blood pressure and high respiratory and heart rates. During the alarm stage, heart rate and blood pressure both increase. In the resistance stage, the body tries to maintain homeostasis; blood pressure and heart rate normalize. If adaptation is successful, recovery takes place.

Difficulty: Difficult
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Analysis

PTS: 1

3. You are caring for a patient who suddenly experiences a cardiac arrest. As you respond to this emergency, which substance will your body secrete in large amounts to help prepare you to react in this situation?
a)
Epinephrine
b)
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
c)
Aldosterone
d)
Antidiuretic hormone

ANS: A
During the shock phase of the general adaptation syndrome, epinephrine prepares the body to react in an emergency situation by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. In response to the epinephrine release, the endocrine system releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone.

Difficulty: Moderate
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Application

PTS: 1

4. What is the function of antidiuretic hormone when released in the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
a)
Promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
b)
Increases efficiency of cellular metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cells and muscle
c)
Increases the use of fats and proteins for energy and conserves glucose for use by the brain
d)
Promotes fluid excretion by causing the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium

ANS: A
Antidiuretic hormone promotes fluid retention by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases efficiency of cellular metabolism and fat conversion to energy for cells and muscle. Cortisol increases the use of fats and proteins for energy and conserves glucose for use by the brain. Aldosterone promotes fluid retention by causing the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium.

Difficulty: Moderate
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Knowledge

PTS: 1

5. A patient sustains a laceration of the thigh in an industrial accident. Which step in the inflammatory process will the patient experience first?
a)
Cellular inflammation
b)
Exudate formation
c)
Tissue regeneration
d)
Vascular response

ANS: D
Immediately after the injury, the vascular response occurs. Blood vessels at the site constrict to control bleeding. After the injured cells release histamine, the vessels dilate, causing increased blood flow to the area. During the next phase, known as the cellular response phase, white blood cells migrate to the site of injury. In the exudate formation phase, the fluid and white blood cells move from circulation to the site of injury, forming an exudate. Tissue regeneration occurs in the healing phase.

Difficulty: Moderate
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Comprehension

PTS: 1