Chapter 12 Conception and Fetal Development

Chapter 12  Conception and Fetal Development

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A newly married couple plans to use the natural family planning method of contraception. Understanding how long an ovum can live after ovulation is important to them. The nurse knows that his or her teaching was effective when the couple responds that an ovum is considered fertile for which period of time?
a.
6 to 8 hours
b.
24 hours
c.
2 to 3 days
d.
1 week

ANS: B
Most ova remain fertile for approximately 24 hours after ovulation, much longer than 6 to 8 hours. However, ova do not remain fertile for 2 to 3 days or are viable for 1 week. If unfertilized by a sperm after 24 hours, the ovum degenerates and is reabsorbed.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 266 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. What kind of fetal anomalies are most often associated with oligohydramnios?
a.
Renal
b.
Cardiac
c.
Gastrointestinal
d.
Neurologic

ANS: A
An amniotic fluid volume of less than 300 ml (oligohydramnios) is often associated with fetal renal anomalies. The amniotic fluid volume has no bearing on the fetal cardiovascular system. Gastrointestinal anomalies are associated with hydramnios or an amniotic fluid volume greater than 2 L. The amniotic fluid volume has no bearing on the fetal neurologic system.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 276
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. A pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
a.
“That must have been a coincidence; babies can’t respond like that.”
b.
“The fetus is demonstrating the aural reflex.”
c.
“Babies respond to sound starting at approximately 24 weeks of gestation.”
d.
“Let me know if it happens again; we need to report that to your midwife.”

ANS: C
Babies respond to external sound starting at approximately 24 weeks of gestation. Acoustic stimulations can evoke a fetal heart rate response. There is no such thing as an aural reflex. The last statement is inappropriate and may cause undue psychologic alarm to the client.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 276 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. At a routine prenatal visit, the nurse explains the development of the fetus to her client. At approximately ____ weeks of gestation, lecithin is forming on the alveolar surfaces, the eyelids open, and the fetus measures approximately 27 cm crown to rump and weighs approximately 1110 g. The client is how many weeks of gestation at today’s visit?
a.
20
b.
24
c.
28
d.
30

ANS: C
These milestones in human development occur at 28 weeks of gestation. These milestones have not occurred by 20 or 24 weeks of gestation but have been reached before 30 weeks of gestation.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 280
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. Which statement regarding the structure and function of the placenta is correct?
a.
Produces nutrients for fetal nutrition
b.
Secretes both estrogen and progesterone
c.
Forms a protective, impenetrable barrier to microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses
d.
Excretes prolactin and insulin

ANS: B
As one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland, producing four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and to support the embryo or fetus: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), estrogen, and progesterone. The placenta does not produce nutrients. It functions as a means of metabolic exchange between the maternal and fetal blood supplies. Many bacteria and viruses can cross the placental membrane.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 271
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance