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Patton and Thibodeau: Anatomy & Physiology, 7th Edition
Chapter 5: Tissues
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
- Matrix may be defined as the living intracellular material surrounding the cells of a tissue.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Tissues
- The study of how the primary germ layers differentiate into the different kinds of tissues is called histogenesis.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- Epithelial tissue attaches to connective tissue by means of a basement membrane.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 131 | Page 132 TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue is moderately vascular, which results in very little blood loss when cuts occur.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 132
TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue is characterized by large amounts of intercellular matrix and few cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 131
TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Transitional epithelium is unique in that it is composed of differing cell shapes in a stratified, or layered, epithelial sheet.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 133
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Stratified columnar epithelium is the most common type of epithelium and is found in many areas throughout the body.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Stratified transitional epithelium, such as is found in the urinary bladder, allows for distention.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 135
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Compound exocrine glands have one duct and secrete two or more products.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Mammary glands are endocrine glands that produce milk.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Salivary glands are an example of ductless exocrine glands.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as holocrine glands.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Loose connective tissue is also called areolar tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Bone-destroying cells are called osteoblasts.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Bone Tissue
- Elastic cartilage is the most prevalent type of cartilage.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 146 TOP: Cartilage
- Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152
TOP: Mucous Membranes
- Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- Adipose tissue contains predominantly fat cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141
TOP: Adipose Tissue
- Areolar tissue forms protective pads around the kidneys and other organs.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 142 TOP: Adipose Tissue
- Osseous tissue serves as a reservoir for blood.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 144 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Osteoblasts are specialized cells that build bone tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 145 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Haversian systems are microscopic structures in cartilage.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 144 | Page 145 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Striated muscle tissue can be controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 148 | Page 149
TOP: Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148
TOP: Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal muscle cells are referred to as muscle fibers and are characterized by a high degree of contractility.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 149 TOP: Muscle Tissue
- Basic characteristics of the nervous system are excitation and conduction.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- Phagocytosis is a condition of having an excessive amount of white blood cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151
TOP: Inflammation
- All the cells that make up tissues are held together by intracellular structures called desmosomes.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Introduction to Tissues
- In some tissues, the cells are held together by desmosomes and in other tissues they are held together by nonliving matrix.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Introduction to Tissues
- Tissue differentiation begins in the zygote.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- Epithelial tissue performs different functions based on the different types of matrix that make up the tissue.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 131
TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue produces the reticular lamina of the basement membrane.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Connective tissue produces the reticular lamina of the basement membrane.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Adhesive molecules called integrins help bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Because connective tissue is avascular, food and oxygen must pass through the basement membrane to reach the vessels in the epithelial tissue.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue can be classified by the shape of the cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132
TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape
- Epithelial tissue can be classified by the number of layers the tissue has.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 133
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- The upper layer of stratified cuboidal epithelium can be keratinized for protection of the tissue below them.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135
TOP: Stratified Epithelium
- When transitional epithelium stretches, the cell shape changes from cuboidal to squamous in appearance.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135
TOP: Stratified Epithelium
- Hormones are released into ducts by exocrine glands.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Hormones are released into the blood by endocrine glands.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Endocrine glands can be classified by the shape and complexity of their ducts.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Apocrine gland cells die as a result of their functioning.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Both collagenous fibers and reticular fibers are made of collagen.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- Proteoglycans are composed of glucosamine bound to a polysaccharide core.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue can be classified based on the type of matrix it contains.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- Hyaluronidase assists in the absorption of injected drugs.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Tendons have more elastic fibers than do ligaments.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144
TOP: Dense Fibrous Tissue
- Canaliculi allow osteocytes to stay alive within the bone tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 145 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Osteocytes were once osteoclasts that became trapped in the hardening bone tissue.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 145 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Osteoclasts are bone-destroying cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Bone Tissue
- The lack of blood vessels in cartilage tissue hinders its ability to heal.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Cartilage
- The matrix for blood tissue is plasma.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Blood
- Because of the stripes visible under the microscope, smooth muscle is called striated muscle.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 148 | Page 149 TOP: Muscle Tissue
- When epithelial tissue is badly injured, a thick scar, or keloid, may develop.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 149 | Page 150 TOP: Tissue Repair
- Many of the sugars attached to the protein backbone of a proteoglycan molecule are fibronectin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 130
TOP: Extracellular Matrix
- The process by which blastocyst cells differentiate into the three primary germ layers is called gastrulation.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- The most numerous type of cell found in areolar tissue is the macrophage.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141
TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Both axons and dendrites are found in nervous tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- The serous membrane covering the lungs is the visceral pleura.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151
TOP: Epithelial Membranes
- A malignant tumor that arises from epithelial tissue is generally called a sarcoma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 153 | Page 154 TOP: Neoplasms
- A type of abnormal gene that seems to cause cancer is called an oncogene.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154
TOP: Neoplasms
- A group of cells that performs a common function is called a tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Introduction to Tissues
- Epithelial tissue can be subdivided into two types: squamous and columnar.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 131
TOP: Types and Location of Epithelial Tissue
- Simple cuboidal epithelium is one cell layer thick; stratified cuboidal epithelium is more than one layer thick.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 134 (Table 5-2)
TOP: Classification Scheme of Membranous Epithelial Tissue
- The type of tissue that lines the vagina, mouth, and esophagus is called keratinized squamous epithelium.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135
TOP: Stratified Epithelium
- The concentric layers of bone matrix are called lacunae.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Compact Bone Tissue
- In the process of endochondral ossification, the bone that is formed replaces cartilage.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144
TOP: Bone Tissue
- An example of a cutaneous membrane is the skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150
TOP: Cutaneous Membranes
- Connective tissue membranes are made up of two kinds of tissue.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152
TOP: Connective Tissue Membranes
- Astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier that helps protect the brain from harmful substances.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- Oligodendrocytes help destroy damaged tissue and pathogens in the brain.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The biology of tissues is called:
| A. | anatomy. |
| B. | physiology. |
| C. | histology. |
| D. | cytology. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Introduction to Tissues
- The most widespread and abundant tissue in the body is:
| A. | epithelial. |
| B. | connective. |
| C. | muscle. |
| D. | nervous. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Connective Tissue
- Nerve tissue is derived from what germ layer?
| A. | Endoderm |
| B. | Ectoderm |
| C. | Mesoderm |
| D. | More than one of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- Epithelial tissues develop from:
| A. | endoderm. |
| B. | ectoderm. |
| C. | mesoderm. |
| D. | more than one of the above. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- Muscle tissue develops from:
| A. | endoderm. |
| B. | ectoderm. |
| C. | mesoderm. |
| D. | more than one of the above. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- A tissue is:
| A. | a membrane that lines body cavities. |
| B. | a group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
| C. | a thin sheet of cells embedded in a matrix. |
| D. | the most complex organizational unit of the body. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Introduction to Tissues
- Blood is a member of which basic tissue type?
| A. | Epithelial |
| B. | Connective |
| C. | Muscle |
| D. | Nervous |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Connective Tissue
- Which tissue lines body cavities and protects body surfaces?
| A. | Epithelial |
| B. | Connective |
| C. | Muscle |
| D. | Nervous |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 131
TOP: Epithelial Tissue
- Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium?
| A. | Protection |
| B. | Secretion |
| C. | Sensation |
| D. | Excretion |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 131 TOP: Epithelial Tissue
- What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina?
| A. | Nucleus |
| B. | Basement membrane |
| C. | Lysosome |
| D. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 131 | Page 132 TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Which is not a function of epithelial tissue?
| A. | Absorption |
| B. | Secretion |
| C. | Assimilation |
| D. | Protection |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 131 TOP: Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial cells can be classified according to shape. Which is not a characteristic shape of epithelial cells?
| A. | Rectangular |
| B. | Cubed |
| C. | Cylindrical |
| D. | Flat |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 132 | Page 133
TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape
- One of the characteristics of which type of epithelial tissue is that of being able to readily diffuse material through it, such as occurs in alveoli?
| A. | Stratified columnar |
| B. | Simple columnar |
| C. | Stratified squamous |
| D. | Simple squamous |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Goblet cells, cilia, and microvilli are modifications of which type of epithelial tissue?
| A. | Simple squamous |
| B. | Simple cuboidal |
| C. | Simple columnar |
| D. | Pseudostratified squamous |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the:
| A. | mouth. |
| B. | esophagus. |
| C. | epidermis. |
| D. | vagina. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 135
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Glands that are not ducted, but release their products directly into tissue fluid and blood, are called:
| A. | endocrine. |
| B. | exocrine. |
| C. | holocrine. |
| D. | apocrine. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as:
| A. | merocrine. |
| B. | apocrine. |
| C. | endocrine. |
| D. | holocrine. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands
- How many layers make up pseudostratified epithelium?
| A. | One |
| B. | Two |
| C. | Three |
| D. | Numerous |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Which of the following would be found as skin covering?
| A. | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
| B. | Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium |
| C. | Pseudostratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium |
| D. | Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 135
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- Which of the following exocrine glands constitute the mammary glands?
| A. | Merocrine |
| B. | Apocrine |
| C. | Holocrine |
| D. | All of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands
- Which of the following is the functional classification of salivary glands?
| A. | Merocrine |
| B. | Endocrine |
| C. | Apocrine |
| D. | Holocrine |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands
- Which is not a function of connective tissue?
| A. | Transport |
| B. | Support |
| C. | Defense |
| D. | Communication |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Functions of Connective Tissue
- Which of the following can be found in the extracellular matrix?
| A. | Water |
| B. | Proteoglycans |
| C. | Bone cells |
| D. | Both A and B |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 130
TOP: Extracellular Matrix
- Collagenous fibers can be found extensively in:
| A. | epithelial tissue. |
| B. | connective tissue. |
| C. | muscle tissue. |
| D. | nervous tissue. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- The type of tissue referred to as loose ordinary connective tissue is:
| A. | areolar. |
| B. | adipose. |
| C. | reticular. |
| D. | cartilage. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 139
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- Which is not characteristic of reticular tissue?
| A. | It is a major component of the body’s defense process. |
| B. | It is found in bone marrow. |
| C. | It makes reticular fibers. |
| D. | It produces red blood cells. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 142 | Page 143
TOP: Reticular Tissue
- The basic organizational or structural unit of bone is called the:
| A. | canaliculi. |
| B. | lamellae. |
| C. | lacunae. |
| D. | haversian system. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 144 | Page 145 TOP: Bone Tissue
- Cartilage is a form of:
| A. | epithelial tissue. |
| B. | connective tissue. |
| C. | muscle tissue. |
| D. | osseous tissue. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue?
| A. | Insulates to conserve body heat |
| B. | Defends the body from microbes and injurious substances |
| C. | Supports and protects the kidneys |
| D. | Stores excess food |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 142 TOP: Adipose Tissue
- The mature cells of bone are called:
| A. | fibroblasts. |
| B. | osteoclasts. |
| C. | osteocytes. |
| D. | osteoblasts. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Bone Tissue
- The most prevalent type of cartilage is:
| A. | hyaline cartilage. |
| B. | fibrous cartilage. |
| C. | elastic cartilage. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Cartilage
- The red marrow of bones is a form of:
| A. | skeletal muscle tissue. |
| B. | cartilage tissue. |
| C. | hematopoietic tissue. |
| D. | smooth muscle tissue. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 147
TOP: Blood
- The type of tissue that contains cells called neurons is:
| A. | muscle. |
| B. | epithelial. |
| C. | connective. |
| D. | nervous. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 149 TOP: Nervous Tissue
- Which of the following is another name for skeletal muscle?
| A. | Striated voluntary |
| B. | Nonstriated involuntary |
| C. | Striated involuntary |
| D. | Pseudostriated involuntary |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 147 (Table 5-7) TOP: Muscle Tissue
- The peritoneum is an example of a:
| A. | cutaneous membrane. |
| B. | serous membrane. |
| C. | mucous membrane. |
| D. | cuboidal membrane. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 150 | Page 151 TOP: Epithelial Membranes
- Connective tissue membranes differ from cutaneous and serous membranes in that they:
| A. | contain fewer layers of cells. |
| B. | do not contain epithelial components. |
| C. | are not smooth and slick. |
| D. | do not secrete fluids. |
ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 152
TOP: Epithelial Membranes
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue?
| A. | Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes |
| B. | Protects the body from foreign invaders |
| C. | Supports the body |
| D. | Transports substances throughout the body |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Principal Types of Tissues
- The most complex tissue in the body is:
| A. | connective. |
| B. | epithelial. |
| C. | nervous. |
| D. | muscle. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Principal Types of Tissues
- Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by:
| A. | muscle tissue. |
| B. | connective tissue. |
| C. | epithelial tissue. |
| D. | both B and C. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 131 | Page 132 TOP: Generalizations About Epithelial Tissue
- Which of the following is not true of simple squamous epithelium?
| A. | It is one layer thick. |
| B. | It prevents the diffusion of material from one part of the body to another. |
| C. | It is composed of flat, scale-like cells. |
| D. | All of the above are true of simple squamous epithelium. |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 134 TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Which of the following is not true of simple cuboidal epithelium?
| A. | It is one layer thick. |
| B. | It is composed of cuboidal-shaped cells. |
| C. | It is found in ducts or tubules of the kidney. |
| D. | All of the above are true of simple cuboidal epithelium. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 134 TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Microvilli are found on which types of cells in the lining of the intestine?
| A. | Pseudostratified epithelium |
| B. | Simple columnar epithelium |
| C. | Stratified cuboidal epithelium |
| D. | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134
TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Cilia are found on which type of cells lining the respiratory tract?
| A. | Pseudostratified epithelium |
| B. | Simple columnar epithelium |
| C. | Stratified cuboidal epithelium |
| D. | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134
TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Glandular epithelium is usually composed of:
| A. | stratified cuboidal epithelium. |
| B. | stratified columnar epithelium. |
| C. | pseudostratified columnar epithelium. |
| D. | none of the above. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- The functioning of which of the following glandular tissues does not injure the cell or cause a loss of cytoplasm?
| A. | Apocrine |
| B. | Endocrine |
| C. | Merocrine |
| D. | Holocrine |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Areolar tissue usually contains which type of cell in the greatest number?
| A. | Macrophages |
| B. | Fibroblasts |
| C. | Mast cells |
| D. | Phagocytes |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141
TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue
- Reticular tissue does not form the framework for which of the following?
| A. | Kidney |
| B. | Spleen |
| C. | Lymph nodes |
| D. | All of the above are composed of reticular tissue |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 142 | Page 143 TOP: Reticular Tissue
- Cells found only in cartilage include:
| A. | chondrocytes and fibroblasts. |
| B. | chondrocytes and macrophages. |
| C. | chondrocytes and mast cells. |
| D. | only chondrocytes. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Cartilage
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles?
| A. | Have one nucleus per cell |
| B. | Are attached to bone |
| C. | Have striations |
| D. | Are voluntary or “willed” muscles |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 148 TOP: Muscle Tissue
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscles?
| A. | Have one nucleus per cell |
| B. | Have intercalated disks |
| C. | Make up the walls of the viscera |
| D. | Usually are not under voluntary control |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 148 | Page 149
TOP: Muscle Tissue
- The serous membrane covering the stomach is called the:
| A. | visceral pleura. |
| B. | visceral peritoneum. |
| C. | parietal pleura. |
| D. | parietal peritoneum. |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 151
TOP: Serous Membranes
- Which of the following is not a primary germ layer?
| A. | Epiderm |
| B. | Mesoderm |
| C. | Endoderm |
| D. | Ectoderm |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- Microvilli assist epithelial tissue in:
| A. | protecting the underlying tissue. |
| B. | releasing substances from glands. |
| C. | absorbing nutrients. |
| D. | all of the above functions. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134
TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Another term for a ductless gland is an:
| A. | exocrine gland. |
| B. | endocrine gland. |
| C. | alveolar gland. |
| D. | both A and C. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- The type of cell found in connective tissue that releases histamine is a(n):
| A. | fibroblast. |
| B. | macrophage. |
| C. | mast cell. |
| D. | areolar cell. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141
TOP: Loose Connective Tissue
- Cancellous tissue is an example of which type of connective tissue?
| A. | Cartilage |
| B. | Bone |
| C. | Dense connective |
| D. | Loose connective |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Cancellous (Spongy) Bone Tissue
- An axon is an important part of which kind of tissue?
| A. | Nervous |
| B. | Smooth muscle |
| C. | Cardiac muscle |
| D. | Glandular epithelium |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- The membrane lining the wall of the thoracic cavity is the:
| A. | visceral pleura. |
| B. | parietal pleura. |
| C. | visceral peritoneum. |
| D. | parietal peritoneum. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151
TOP: Epithelial Membranes
- The membrane lining the wall of the abdominal cavity is the:
| A. | visceral pleura. |
| B. | parietal pleura. |
| C. | visceral peritoneum. |
| D. | parietal peritoneum. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151
TOP: Epithelial Membranes
- Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called:
| A. | mesenchyme. |
| B. | blastocyst. |
| C. | endoderm. |
| D. | ectoderm. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Connective Tissue
- Which of the following is not a class of cartilage tissue?
| A. | Hyaline |
| B. | Fibrocartilage |
| C. | Cancellous |
| D. | Elastic |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- Fat cells would most likely be found in:
| A. | reticular tissue. |
| B. | adipose tissue. |
| C. | irregular dense fibrous tissue. |
| D. | none of the above. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141
TOP: Adipose Tissue
- Small spaces in the bone where osteocytes are located are called:
| A. | lacunae. |
| B. | lamellae. |
| C. | canaliculi. |
| D. | marrow. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145
TOP: Compact Bone Tissue
- Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the:
| A. | heart. |
| B. | lungs. |
| C. | bones. |
| D. | intestines. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 147
TOP: Blood Tissue
- Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood?
| A. | Oligodendrocytes |
| B. | Neurons |
| C. | Astrocytes |
| D. | Microglia |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction?
| A. | Oligodendrocytes |
| B. | Schwann cells |
| C. | Astrocytes |
| D. | Both A and B |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain?
| A. | Oligodendrocytes |
| B. | Schwann cells |
| C. | Astrocytes |
| D. | Microglia |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding description.
| A. | calor |
| B. | diapedesis |
| C. | edema |
| D. | hematopoiesis |
| E. | histamine |
| F. | dolor |
| G. | rubor |
| H. | leukocytosis |
| I. | chemotaxis |
| J. | phagocytosis |
- process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria
- formation and development of blood cells
- increased blood flow and pooling of blood that cause reddening after an injury
- warmth that results from the increased blood flow to the area of injury
- pain
- attraction of leukocytes
- causes increased blood vessel permeability
- increased number of white blood cells
- presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces
- movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls
- ANS: J DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 147
TOP: Blood
- ANS: G DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: I DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: H DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 141 (Table 5-3) TOP: Inflammation
Match each category of epithelial cells with its corresponding definition.
| A. | simple squamous |
| B. | simple cuboidal |
| C. | simple columnar |
| D. | pseudostratified columnar |
| E. | stratified squamous |
| F. | transitional |
- single layer of cube-shaped cells
- multiple layers of cells with flat cells at the outer surface
- single layer of cells; some are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not
- layers of cells that appear cubelike when an organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid
- single layer of flat, scalelike cells
- single layer of tall, thin cells; modification may appear goblet-shaped
- ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- ANS: E DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 134
TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134
TOP: Simple Epithelium
Match each term with its corresponding definition.
| A. | neuron |
| B. | neuroglia |
| C. | axon |
| D. | soma |
| E. | dendrite |
- the cell body of the neuron
- supportive cells of nervous tissue
- cell process that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body
- the conducting cells of the nervous system
- cell process that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
Match each type of gland to its corresponding description.
| A. | endocrine |
| B. | holocrine |
| C. | merocrine |
| D. | apocrine |
- ductless glands that produce hormones, such as the thyroid gland
- glands that complete their function without incurring damage to or loss of cytoplasm, such as salivary glands
- glands that pinch off their tips to release their products, such as milk-producing mammary glands
- glands that self-destruct to complete their function, such as glands that produce oil to lubricate the skin
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138
TOP: Glandular Epithelium
Match each general tissue type with a corresponding specific tissue.
| A. | epithelial |
| B. | connective |
| C. | muscle |
| D. | nerve |
- bone and adipose tissue
- neurons and neuroglia
- tissue in the heart and the biceps of the arm
- tissue that lines the stomach and intestines
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139
TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149
TOP: Nervous Tissue
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148
TOP: Muscle Tissue
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 131
TOP: Epithelial Tissue
SHORT ANSWER
- Describe the embryonic development of tissues in terms of the three primary germ layers.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 128 TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues
- List and describe the five important functions performed by the various types of epithelial tissues.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 131 TOP: Epithelial Tissue
- Differentiate among simple, stratified, and transitional epithelia.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 134 | Page 135
TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue
- Describe the three functional classifications of exocrine glands.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Glandular Epithelium
- Explain why body composition is a good indicator of health and fitness.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 142 ( Box 5-4 ) TOP: Sports and Fitness
- Describe how the distribution of fat storage areas differs in males and females.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 142 (Figure 5-17) TOP: Adipose Tissue
- Differentiate among the three types of cartilage: hyaline, fibrous, and elastic.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 146 TOP: Cartilage
- Why is blood considered to be the most unusual type of connective tissue?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 146 TOP: Blood
- List the four cardinal signs of inflammation.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Inflammation
- Give a brief description of tissue repair, including the varying capacities with which the different types of tissues can accomplish this task.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 149 | Page 150 TOP: Tissue Repair
- Describe the three types of muscle tissue and give a location and function of each.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 148 | Page 149 TOP: Muscle Tissue
- Name and differentiate the two types of stem cells. What are some possible uses for stem cells?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 128 (Box 5-1) TOP: Stem Cells
- Briefly describe cutaneous membranes and mucous membranes and give the location of each in the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 | Page 152
TOP: Cutaneous Membranes and Mucous Membranes
- Briefly describe serous membranes and give their location in the body. Differentiate between visceral and parietal membranes and give an example of each.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 150 | Page 151
TOP: Serous Membranes
- Briefly describe connective tissue membranes and give their location in the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152
TOP: Connective Tissue Membranes
- Name and briefly describe the four principle types of tissue in the body.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 128
TOP: Principal Types of Tissue
OTHER
- Challenge: Mr. Melbourne has emphysema and has been admitted to the cardiac care unit with oxygen administered per nasal cannula. Emphysema destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs, reducing the diffusion of oxygen into the blood. These tiny air sacs, alveoli, are formed by what type of tissue? What tissue type will form in place of the damaged alveoli, and why will this impair the diffusion process?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 128
TOP: Embryonic Development of Tissues | Tissue Repair
- Challenge: Diana is 5 foot, 4 inches tall and weighs 125 pounds. She appears very healthy and fit, yet her doctor advised her that she is over-fat. What might be the explanation for this assessment?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 142 (Box 5-4) TOP: Sports and Fitness
- Challenge: Explain how simple squamous epithelium and the microvilli and cilia illustrate the relationship between structure and function.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 134 TOP: Simple Epithelium
- Challenge: During a heart attack, heart muscle is damaged. Explain why, even when a person is fully “recovered,” the heart is not as good as new.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 149 | Page 150 TOP: Tissue Repair
Patton and Thibodeau: Anatomy & Physiology, 7th Edition
Chapter 20: Lymphatic System
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
- The two most important functions of the lymphatic system are the maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment and immunity.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Lymph contains more proteins than does blood plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- The lymph vessels form a closed ring, or circuit.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- The lymphatic system is actually a specialized component of the circulatory system, because it consists of a moving fluid derived from the blood and tissue fluid and a group of vessels that return the fluid to the blood.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Both lymph and interstitial fluid contain a higher percentage of proteins than does plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- Lymph is derived from blood and tissue fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- Lymphatics have thicker walls than do veins.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatic vessels originate as microscopic, blind-end vessels called lymphatic capillaries.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatic vessels contain more valves than do veins.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph from the entire body drains eventually into the thoracic duct.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph contains platelets, which allow clots to form in lymphatic vessels.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 704 (Box 20-1) TOP: Loss of Lymphatic Fluid
- Lymphatic capillaries (called lacteals) in the small intestine are important in the absorption of fats.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- The stomata of the lymphatic capillary walls allow direct and open communication between the vessel lumen and surrounding tissue spaces.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 705 | Page 706 TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Veins have more valves than do lymphatics.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- Protein substances that have left the bloodstream return by way of lymph fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Chyle is milky lymph that is high in fat content.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Damage to main lymphatic ducts may cause death from the loss of serum proteins.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 706
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries both play important roles in the absorption of proteins from tissue spaces.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Activities that result in central movement, or flow, of lymph are called lymphokinetic actions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 707
TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Proteins that accumulate in the tissue spaces can return to the blood via the lymphatics.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- The valves in the lymphatics are more numerous in the larger vessels.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph nodes, or glands, are round structures.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Lymph Nodes
- Lymph nodes may range from 1 mm to more than 20 mm in diameter.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Lymph Nodes
- The passive compression of the body’s soft tissues may act as a lymphokinetic factor.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 707
TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- When an infection is present, germinal centers form and the lymph node begins to release lymphocytes; some become antibody-producing plasma cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709
TOP: Lymph Nodes
- Lymph nodes contain reticuloendothelial cells that produce certain red blood cells.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709
TOP: Lymph Nodes
- Germinal centers are areas of rapidly dividing lymphocytes within a cortical node.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 708 | Page 709 TOP: Lymph Nodes
- The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- The inguinal lymph nodes are located in the groin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- Even though some lymph nodes occur in clusters, most occur as single nodes.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- The lymphatic tissue of lymph nodes serves as the site of the final stages of maturation for some types of lymphocytes and monocytes that have migrated from the bone marrow.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 712
TOP: Hematopoiesis
- The cutaneous lymphatic plexus drains lymph from the breast.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic in the Breast
- Cancer of the breast is one of the most common forms of malignancy in women.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 712
TOP: Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- The majority of lymph from the breast enters the axillary lymph nodes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Lymph Nodes Associated with the Breast
- The breast—the mammary gland and the surrounding tissues—is drained by six sets of lymphatic vessels.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 712
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic in the Breast
- Axillary node enlargement may be a sign that breast cancer cells have spread to the nodes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Lymph Nodes Associated with the Breast
- The palatine tonsils are located on each side of the throat.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- The thymus appears yellowish early in childhood because of the high concentration of fat.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- The fetal thymus forms immature lymphocytes, which then move to the bone marrow for the final stages of lymphocyte development before birth.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 714 | Page 715 TOP: Thymus
- The thymus plays an important role in “seeding” other lymphatic tissue such as the spleen and lymph nodes with lymphocytes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Thymus
- The size of the spleen is relatively constant in different individuals, regardless of sex or age.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Structure of the Spleen
- The spleen removes imperfect platelets from the blood.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- The spleen is not classified as a vital organ.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- Anastomoses are not characteristic of lymphatic vessels, and therefore a malignant tumor in one breast cannot spread to the other breast.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 713 (Box 20-4)
TOP: Lymphatic Anastomoses and Breast Cancer
- Thymosin enables lymphocytes to develop into mature T cells, which attack foreign or abnormal cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Functions of the Thymus
- Lymphedema, a swelling of the tissues of the extremities, may be treated by diuretics, bed rest, and elevation of the involved extremities.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 717
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin are categories of lymphangitis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 718 | Page 719 TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- Patients with immunodeficiencies such as AIDS often develop a malignancy of lymphoid tissue.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 719
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- Lymphatic capillaries that operate in the villi of the small intestine are called lacteals.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- The lymphatic system contributes to the circulatory system.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic vessels, like vessels in the blood vascular system, form a closed loop of circulation.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Lymph does not have the ability to clot.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 704 (Box 20-1) TOP: Loss of Lymphatic Fluid
- The milky lymph found in lacteals after digestion is called chyle.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Activities that result in the flow of lymph are breathing movements and skeletal muscle contractions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 707 | Page 708 TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- The hilus is a small depression on a lymph node from which the efferent lymph vessel arises.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 709 (Figure 20-10) TOP: Lymph Nodes
- Even though some lymph nodes occur as single nodes, most occur in clusters.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- Removal of the spleen will most likely render a patient ill for the rest of his or her life.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- More than 85% of the lymph from the breast enters lymph nodes of the subclavian region.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Lymph Nodes Associated with the Breast
- After puberty, the thymus decreases in size; this process is called involution.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- The spleen functions solely in the defense of foreign microorganisms and as a blood reservoir.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- Almost all of the interstitial fluid filtered out by the capillaries enters the lymphatic system.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Importance of the Lymphatic System
- A large amount of interstitial fluid that collects in the tissue and causes swelling is called edema.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- When interstitial fluid enters a lymph vessel, it is called lymph.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 704
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Interstitial fluid fills the spaces between the cells.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- The cisterna chyli is in the thoracic cavity just inferior to the left subclavian vein.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- The tunica media of lymph vessels is similar to that of veins except the lymph vessels have no smooth muscle.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- The semilunar valves of the lymph vessels are formed from folds of the tunica intima.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- The “beaded” appearance of lymph vessels is caused by bands of smooth muscle tissue surrounding the vessel.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- The high degree of permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows particulate matter to enter the capillary.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 705 | Page 706 TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Blood in veins and lymph in lymph vessels are moved by the same kinds of “pumps.”
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 707 | Page 708
TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Even though the lymphatic system has no single muscular pump like the heart, lymph flows at about the same speed as blood.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- The lymphatic system returns about 3 liters of lymph back to the blood each day by consistently returning about 125 ml per hour.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 708 TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- The superficial cubital lymph nodes are unique in that the lymph they filter has already passed through other lymph nodes.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- One function of the lymph node is to slow down the flow of lymph so that microorganisms and particulate matter can be phagocytized.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 710 | Page 711 TOP: Functions of Lymph Nodes
- The thymus gland is a primary organ of the lymphatic system with an epithelial framework structure similar to that of the spleen.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Structure of the Thymus
- The reason the red pulp of the spleen is red is that it contains a great deal of blood.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Structure of the Spleen
- Peyer patches are isolated nodules of lymphatic tissue in the intestinal wall.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Importance of the Lymphatic System
- The highest concentration of protein in the lymphatic system is found in the cisterna chyli.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- About half the lymph that passes through the thoracic duct comes from the liver and the small intestine.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- The terms lacteal and Peyer patches refer to the same structures in the intestines.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- The larger lymph vessels are made up of three layers of tissue just as the veins and arteries are in the circulatory system.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- Like most other structures in the body, lymph vessels have the capacity for repair or regeneration when damaged.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- A lymph node has more efferent vessels than it has afferent vessels.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymph Nodes
- Lymph nodes provide both biological and mechanical filtration.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 710 | Page 711 TOP: Functions of Lymph Nodes
- The lymph with the highest concentration of protein is found in the right lymphatic duct.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- Most of the protein in lymph comes from the small intestine and the liver.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- The right lymphatic duct originates as the cisterna chyli.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph nodes usually have only one efferent duct.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Structure of the Lymph Nodes
- Palatine tonsils are called adenoids when they become swollen.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- The tubal tonsils are located near the base of the eustachian tubes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- Although the thymus is at its largest size at puberty, its largest size relative to the rest of the body occurs at age two.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the:
| A. | lower percentage of proteins in lymph and interstitial fluid. |
| B. | higher percentage of proteins in lymph and interstitial fluid. |
| C. | lower percentage of fats in lymph and interstitial fluid. |
| D. | higher percentage of fats in lymph and interstitial fluid. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- Which of the following is a true statement?
| A. | The wall of the lymphatic capillary consists of a multiple layer of flattened endothelial cells. |
| B. | Lymphatic and blood capillary networks are dependent on each other. |
| C. | Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct. |
| D. | The thoracic duct is approximately the same size as the large veins. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 704 | Page 705 TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the:
| A. | spleen. |
| B. | liver. |
| C. | thymus. |
| D. | small intestine. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics:
| A. | have thinner walls. |
| B. | contain more valves. |
| C. | contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. |
| D. | all of the above. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system except:
| A. | transporting interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream. |
| B. | providing immunological defenses. |
| C. | transporting absorbed fats from the intestine to the blood. |
| D. | filtering metabolic wastes. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 705 | Page 706 TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Which of the following is not a lymph organ?
| A. | Thymus |
| B. | Spleen |
| C. | Pancreas |
| D. | Tonsils |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 704 (Figure 20-2) TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- The thymus undergoes involution during:
| A. | early childhood. |
| B. | puberty. |
| C. | old age. |
| D. | fetal development. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the:
| A. | jugular vein. |
| B. | subclavian veins. |
| C. | superior vena cava. |
| D. | inferior vena cava. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- The percentage of the total proteins that leak out of the capillaries into the tissue fluid on a daily basis is:
| A. | 40%. |
| B. | 50%. |
| C. | 60%. |
| D. | 70%. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- The lymph pressure gradient is established by:
| A. | breathing movements. |
| B. | skeletal muscle contractions. |
| C. | parasympathetic stimulation. |
| D. | both A and B. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 707 | Page 707 TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- If lymphatic return is blocked:
| A. | blood protein concentration soon falls below normal. |
| B. | blood osmotic pressure soon falls below normal. |
| C. | fluid imbalance and death will result. |
| D. | all of the above will occur. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymph flows through the thoracic duct and reenters the general circulation at the rate of about:
| A. | 1 liter per day. |
| B. | 0.5 liter per day. |
| C. | 3 liters per day. |
| D. | 5 liters per day. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 707
TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Lymph circulation is maintained by all except:
| A. | the heart. |
| B. | inspiration. |
| C. | skeletal muscle contractions. |
| D. | valves. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 707 | Page 708 TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- The size of lymph nodes varies from:
| A. | 1 mm to more than 20 mm in diameter. |
| B. | 10 mm to more than 35 mm in diameter. |
| C. | 20 mm to more than 45 mm in diameter. |
| D. | 30 mm to more than 65 mm in diameter. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Structure of Lymph Nodes
- Which of the following is a lymphokinetic factor?
| A. | Arterial pulsations |
| B. | Postural changes |
| C. | Passive compression of the body soft tissues |
| D. | All of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 707 | Page 708 TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes?
| A. | Hematopoiesis |
| B. | Filtration |
| C. | Phagocytosis |
| D. | All of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 710 | Page 711 TOP: Functions of Lymph Nodes
- The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the:
| A. | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| B. | axillary lymph nodes. |
| C. | superficial cervical lymph nodes. |
| D. | supratrochlear lymph nodes. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the:
| A. | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| B. | axillary lymph nodes. |
| C. | submaxillary group. |
| D. | submental group. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the ____ nodes.
| A. | submental |
| B. | inguinal |
| C. | superficial cervical |
| D. | superficial cubital |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- The lymph nodes located in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle are called the:
| A. | submental and submaxillary groups. |
| B. | superficial cervical lymph nodes. |
| C. | supratrochlear lymph nodes. |
| D. | superficial cubital lymph nodes. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- The cluster of lymph nodes found in the underarm and upper chest regions is referred to as:
| A. | superficial cervical nodes. |
| B. | inguinal nodes. |
| C. | axillary nodes. |
| D. | superficial cubital nodes. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n):
| A. | eosinophil. |
| B. | erythrocyte. |
| C. | neutrophil. |
| D. | monocyte. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 712
TOP: Hematopoiesis
- The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the:
| A. | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. |
| B. | lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| C. | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| D. | both A and B. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 712 | Page 713 TOP: Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- ____ of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region.
| A. | Less than 50% |
| B. | Less than 25% |
| C. | More than 85% |
| D. | More than 95% |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Lymph Nodes Associated with the Breast
- The cutaneous lymphatic plexus drains lymph from the:
| A. | forearm. |
| B. | facial areas. |
| C. | breast. |
| D. | leg. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 712 | Page 713 TOP: Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- In advanced old age, the thymus may be largely replaced by:
| A. | fat. |
| B. | protein. |
| C. | scar tissue. |
| D. | cartilage. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- The thymus is located in the:
| A. | right hypochondriac region. |
| B. | left hypochondriac region. |
| C. | mediastinum. |
| D. | neck. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- The size of the thymus is the largest at:
| A. | birth. |
| B. | 2 years of age. |
| C. | puberty. |
| D. | approximately 25 years of age. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the:
| A. | palatine tonsils |
| B. | pharyngeal tonsils. |
| C. | lingual tonsils. |
| D. | laryngeal tonsils. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- The tonsils located near the base of the tongue are called the:
| A. | palatine tonsils. |
| B. | pharyngeal tonsils. |
| C. | lingual tonsils. |
| D. | laryngeal tonsils. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?
| A. | Relative size is largest in early childhood. |
| B. | It is the primary central organ of the lymphatic system. |
| C. | It functions in the immune mechanism. |
| D. | It functions mostly in adult life. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 714 | Page 715 TOP: Thymus
- The spleen ____ during infectious diseases and ____ in old age.
| A. | atrophies; hypertrophies |
| B. | hypertrophies; atrophies |
| C. | secretes hormones; stops functioning |
| D. | none of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Spleen
- The spleen is located in the:
| A. | right hypochondriac region. |
| B. | left hypochondriac region. |
| C. | epigastric region. |
| D. | left lumbar region. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Spleen
- Which of the following is a function of the thymus?
| A. | It serves as the final site of lymphocyte development before birth. |
| B. | Soon after birth, it begins to secrete a group of hormones that enable lymphocytes to develop into mature T cells. |
| C. | Soon after birth, it begins to secrete a hormone that actively stimulates the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin. |
| D. | Both A and B are functions of the thymus. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 714 | Page 715 TOP: Thymus
- The part of the lymphatic system that secretes a hormone is the:
| A. | spleen. |
| B. | thymus. |
| C. | lymph nodes. |
| D. | palatine tonsils. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Thymus
- The pulp of the spleen and its venous sinuses allow it to store up to:
| A. | 100 ml of blood. |
| B. | 150 ml of blood. |
| C. | 250 ml of blood. |
| D. | 350 ml of blood. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Spleen
- Which of the following is not a function of the spleen?
| A. | White blood cell destruction |
| B. | Platelet destruction |
| C. | Reservoir for blood |
| D. | Hematopoiesis |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Spleen
- The vast majority of the body’s lymph is drained by the:
| A. | right lymphatic duct. |
| B. | left lymphatic duct. |
| C. | thoracic duct. |
| D. | abdominal duct. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels
- Adenitis is:
| A. | an infected adenoid. |
| B. | an infected lymph node. |
| C. | tissue swelling. |
| D. | none of the above. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 711
TOP: Functions of Lymph Nodes
- The lymph nodes perform which of the following functions?
| A. | Control blood pressure |
| B. | Defense |
| C. | Hematopoiesis |
| D. | Both B and C |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization
REF: Page 711 | Page 712 TOP: Lymph Nodes
- Lymph enters a node via:
| A. | afferent lymph vessels. |
| B. | efferent lymph vessels. |
| C. | sinuses. |
| D. | trabeculae. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Lymph Nodes
- The thymus secretes:
| A. | T3. |
| B. | T4. |
| C. | thymosin. |
| D. | both A and C. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 715
TOP: Thymus
- Relative to the rest of the body, the thymus is largest at:
| A. | 2 years of age. |
| B. | 10 years of age. |
| C. | 20 years of age. |
| D. | 50 years of age. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Thymus
- Peyer patches are isolated nodules of lymph tissue in the:
| A. | intestinal wall. |
| B. | bronchial tree of the lungs. |
| C. | throat. |
| D. | bladder and urethra. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- The high concentration of protein in the thoracic duct results from the protein-rich lymph that drains from the:
| A. | skeletal muscle groups. |
| B. | bronchial tree of the lung. |
| C. | liver. |
| D. | both A and C. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- The cisterna chyli:
| A. | originates the right lymphatic duct. |
| B. | originates the thoracic duct. |
| C. | is the storage area for hormones made by the thymus gland. |
| D. | filters the chyle coming from the small intestine. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- Lacteals:
| A. | drain into the right lymphatic duct. |
| B. | are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. |
| C. | are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. |
| D. | are both B and C. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?
| A. | They have one efferent vessel. |
| B. | They have one afferent vessel. |
| C. | They act as a biological filter. |
| D. | They are divided by trabeculae. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Structure of Lymph Nodes
- Which tonsils are known as adenoids when they become swollen?
| A. | Lingual |
| B. | Sublingual |
| C. | Pharyngeal |
| D. | Palatine |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- Hassall corpuscles are part of the:
| A. | thymus. |
| B. | spleen. |
| C. | tonsils. |
| D. | thoracic duct. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Structure of the Thymus
- Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system?
| A. | Thymus |
| B. | Spleen |
| C. | Thyroid |
| D. | Peyer patches |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system?
| A. | Tonsils |
| B. | Bone marrow |
| C. | Liver |
| D. | All of the above are part of the lymphatic system. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- The lymph taken from what location has the highest concentration of protein?
| A. | Thoracic duct |
| B. | Cisterna chyli |
| C. | Spleen |
| D. | Thymus |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from:
| A. | the liver. |
| B. | the small intestine. |
| C. | the spleen. |
| D. | both A and B. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- What structure drains lymph from about three fourths of the body into the subclavian vein?
| A. | Right lymphatic duct |
| B. | Thoracic duct |
| C. | Cisterna chyli |
| D. | Spleen |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- The tonsils found at the base of the eustachian tubes are called:
| A. | palatine tonsils. |
| B. | tubal tonsils. |
| C. | lingual tonsils. |
| D. | adenoids. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- How are lymphatic capillaries related to the function of the lymphatic system?
| A. | The wall of the lymphatic capillary consists of a multiple layer of flattened endothelial cells that prevents drainage of blood into the lymphatic system. |
| B. | The lymphatic capillary network allows lymph to flow from the larger-walled capillaries into the vessels with a thin wall diameter. |
| C. | The high degree of permeability of the lymphatic capillary wall permits very large molecules and even particulate matter, which cannot be absorbed into the blood capillary, to be removed from the interstitial space. |
| D. | The thoracic duct is approximately the same size as the large veins and forms an open circuit to drain fluid into the renal system. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 706
TOP: Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
- How do the reticuloendothelial cells compare to white blood cells as a defense against infection?
| A. | Only white blood cells play a role in the body’s defense against infection. |
| B. | There is no comparison between these two types of cells; reticuloendothelial cells are in the lymphatic system and the white blood cells are part of the circulatory system. |
| C. | Reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages) lining the spleen remove microorganisms from the blood and destroy them by phagocytosis in a fashion similar to that of white blood cells. |
| D. | Reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages) lining the spleen prevent microorganisms from entering the blood in a similar fashion as do white blood cells, thus preventing infection. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- Which would you predict would occur if a disease blocked the flow of lymph?
| A. | Lymphokinesis would increase. |
| B. | Hematopoiesis would not occur. |
| C. | The liver might become enlarged or lymphedema may occur. |
| D. | The affected extremity would begin to shrink and become useless. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 717
TOP: Disorders Associated with Lymphatic Vessels
- How would muscle contraction affect lymphokinetic action?
| A. | There is no association between muscle contraction and lymphokinetic action. |
| B. | A decreased flow of lymph that occurs with increased physical activity helps return fluid to the cardiovascular system. |
| C. | Contraction of the smooth muscle in the thoracic vessel walls prohibit lymphatic vessels from pulsing rhythmically and, thus, helps to keep lymph from moving from one valved segment to the next. |
| D. | Increased external pressure from muscle contraction also increases lymphatic pressure, which results in keeping lymph moving in only one direction. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 707 | Page 708
TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- Why is having an understanding of the lymphatic drainage of the breast important in formulating the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer?
| A. | A single cell of a primary cancer tumor can spread to other areas of the body through the lymphatic system and cause metastasis. |
| B. | Removing the cancer can stop drainage of blood from the tumor and increase the flow of drainage of lymph from the breast area. |
| C. | The lymphatic drainage will start to clot and decrease further lymphatic drainage. |
| D. | The cancerous breast tissue will decrease lymphatic drainage, thus inhibiting the spreading of the tumor cells. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 712
TOP: Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- Which choice best explains how the forces of osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure work to maintain a balance of fluid moving into and out of the capillary?
| A. | Osmotic pressure tends to promote diffusion of fluid out of the plasma, but hydrostatic pressure causes a larger, inwardly directed force at the arterial end of a capillary; the flow of fluids into plasma is controlled by both of these pressures. |
| B. | If the lymphatic system operates normally and the osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients remain relatively constant, there is no net loss of blood volume resulting from capillary exchange. |
| C. | If the lymphatic system operates normally and the osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients fluctuate greatly, there is no net loss of blood volume resulting from capillary exchange. |
| D. | The weaker, inwardly directed forces at the arterial end of a capillary drive fluids out of the blood vessel and into the surrounding interstitial fluid, producing a net loss of blood volume. |
ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 683
TOP: Capillary Exchange and Total Blood Volume
- Which is a logical conclusion that could be made regarding a decrease in blood protein in the bloodstream and viscosity of blood?
| A. | A decrease in blood protein concentration tends to decrease blood viscosity. |
| B. | A decrease in blood protein concentration tends to increase blood viscosity. |
| C. | There is no relationship between a decrease in blood protein and viscosity. |
| D. | A decrease in blood protein concentration causes edema. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 675
TOP: Peripheral Resistance
- Which is the most accurate outline of the primary principle of circulation as related to Newton’s first and second laws of motion?
| A. | The first law states that a fluid does not flow when the pressure is the same in all parts of it. The second law states that a fluid flows only when the pressure is higher in one area than in another and it flows always from the higher pressure area toward the lower pressure area. |
| B. | The first law states that fluid flows when the pressure is the same in all parts of it. The second law states that a fluid flows only when the pressure is lower in one area than in another. |
| C. | The first law states that a fluid does not flow when the pressure is higher in parts of it. The second law states that a fluid flows only when the pressure is lower in another, and it always flows from the lower pressure area to the higher pressure area. |
| D. | The first law states that a fluid does not flow when the pressure is higher in part of it. The second law states that a fluid flows only when its pressure is higher in one area than in another, and it flows always from the lower pressure area toward the higher pressure area. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 670
TOP: Primary Principle of Circulation
- A person with thymus malfunction would:
| A. | produce fewer B cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system. |
| B. | experience an inhibition of thymosin, thus creating an increased number of macrophages in the body. |
| C. | produce more T cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system. |
| D. | produce fewer T cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 714 | Page 715
TOP: Function of the Thymus
- Which best describes the mechanism involved with the central movement, or flow, of lymph?
| A. | Movement is caused by gravity. |
| B. | Lymph flow is caused by relaxation of the skeletal muscles. |
| C. | Lymph flow in the body is the result of contracting skeletal muscles. |
| D. | Lymph flow is caused by the contraction of blood vessels. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 707 | Page 708
TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Michael, a 43-year-old, was in a serious car accident. He has a rigid and tender left hypochondrium region. His blood pressure is dropping, and he is in pain. What organ might be involved in this injury?
| A. | Kidney |
| B. | Liver |
| C. | Pancreas |
| D. | Spleen |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 715 TOP: Spleen
MATCHING
Match each body location with the corresponding group of lymph nodes.
| A. | in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| B. | in the floor of the mouth |
| C. | in the groin |
| D. | just above the bend of the elbow |
| E. | clustered deep within the underarm and upper chest regions |
- inguinal lymph nodes
- submaxillary group
- axillary lymph nodes
- superficial cervical lymph nodes
- superficial cubital lymph nodes
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
Match each structure or organ of the lymphatic system with its corresponding function or description.
| A. | tonsils |
| B. | spleen |
| C. | lymph node |
| D. | cisterna chyli |
| E. | lymph |
| F. | thoracic duct |
| G. | thymus |
| H. | right lymphatic duct |
| I. | Peyer patches |
| J. | Hassall corpuscles |
| K. | interstitial fluid |
- duct through which most of the lymph is returned to the blood
- small, oval-shaped or bean-shaped structures that can be as small as 1 mm
- isolated nodules of lymphatic tissue in the intestinal wall
- fluid that is filtered before being returned to the blood
- fluid that fills the spaces between cells
- duct that carries only about one fourth of the lymph back to the blood
- structure that has functions that include hematopoiesis and destruction of red blood cells and platelets
- lymphoid tissue that forms a protective ring around the mouth and back of the throat
- structure that goes through involution as we age
- structure in the abdominal cavity that is the origin of the thoracic
- part of the structure of the thymus gland
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708
TOP: Structure of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: Page 703
TOP: Importance of the Lymphatic System
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- ANS: K DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 716
TOP: Functions of the Spleen
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 713
TOP: Tonsils
- ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Location and Appearance of the Thymus
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
- ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: Page 714
TOP: Structure of the Thymus
Match each disorder or disease with its corresponding description.
| A. | filariasis |
| B. | adenitis |
| C. | lymphoma |
| D. | lymphangitis |
| E. | lymphedema |
- tumor of the cell of lymphoid tissue
- infestation of small parasitic worms in lymph vessels
- abnormal condition in which swelling of the tissues in the extremities occurs because of an obstruction of the lymphatics
- infection of a lymph node
- acute inflammation of a lymphatic vessel
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 718
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 717
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 717
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 711
TOP: Functions of Lymph Nodes
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 717
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
SHORT ANSWER
- Compare and contrast the compositions of the following.
Lymph:
Interstitial fluid:
Plasma:
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 704
TOP: Lymph and Interstitial Fluid
- Compare and contrast the structures of veins and lymphatics.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Structure of Lymphatic Vessels
- Discuss the potential physiological effect that could result if blood proteins that escaped from the capillaries remained in the interstitial fluids without being returned to the blood.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 703 TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System
- Compare and contrast mechanisms for the movement of lymph through lymphatic vessels with the movement of blood through veins.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 707 | Page 708 TOP: Lymphatic Pump
- Describe the course of lymphatic drainage in those with artificial limbs.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 707 (Box 20-2)
TOP: Lymphatic Drainage and Artificial Limbs
- Discuss the role lymphatic vessels and nodes can play in handling the healing process when swelling and infection are present.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 706 | Page 710
TOP: Lymphatic Vessels | Lymph Nodes
- Why is having an understanding of the lymphatic drainage of the breast important in formulating the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 712 | Page 713
TOP: Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- What is the clinical significance of the anastomoses that occur between superficial lymphatics from both breasts across the middle line?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 713 (Box 20-4)
TOP: Lymphatic Anastomoses and Breast Cancer
- Describe the two important functions performed by the thymus.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 714 | Page 715 TOP: Thymus
- Define splenomegaly. When does it occur?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 716 (Box 20-5) TOP: Splenomegaly
- Discuss the mechanisms involved with the central movement, or flow, of lymph.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 707 | Page 708
TOP: Circulation of Lymph
- Identify each of the lymphatic organs, and give a generated function for each.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 703 | Page 713 | Page 715
TOP: Overview of the Lymphatic System | Tonsils | Thymus | Spleen
- Describe the structure of a lymph node, and explain what happens when lymph passes through it.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 708 | Page 710
TOP: Structure of Lymph Nodes | Functions of Lymph Nodes
- Name and give the location of the major clusters of lymph nodes in the body.
ANS:
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DIF: Memorization REF: Page 709 | Page 710
TOP: Locations of Lymph Nodes
- Name and describe the two types of lymphomas.
ANS:
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DIF: Memorization REF: Page 718 | Page 719
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
- Name and describe the two main lymphatic ducts of the body. What area of the body is drained by each? What is the cisterna chyli?
ANS:
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DIF: Memorization REF: Page 705
TOP: Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels
OTHER
- Challenge: Baby Ruth was born without a thymus gland. Immediate plans were made to perform a transplant. In the meantime, Baby Ruth was placed in strict isolation. Even her parents were not allowed to touch her. Why was she placed in the isolation unit?
ANS:
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DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 714 TOP: Thymus
- Challenge: Michael, a 43-year-old, was in a serious car accident. He has a rigid and tender left hypochondriac region. His blood pressure is dropping, and he is in pain. What organ might be involved in this injury, and if it is involved, what treatment would be necessary?
ANS:
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DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 715 | Page 716 TOP: Spleen
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