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Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Sport, 12e (Williams)
Chapter 5 Fat: An Important Energy Source During Exercise
1) Sydney is drinking a protein shake that contains 10 grams of fat. The fat in the protein shake
provides ________ kcal.
A) 90
B) 70
C) 180
D) 145
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.
Activity Type: New
2) All of the following foods contain cholesterol except ________.
A) peanut butter
B) eggs
C) shrimp
D) milk
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
3) Nearly 98% of the fat in the typical American diet is supplied by ________.
A) triglycerides
B) cholesterol
C) sterols
D) trans-fatty acids
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
1
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.4) Which of the following is true of lipids?
A) Lipids are a class of inorganic substances that are insoluble in water
B) Glycerol is obtained only from one’s diet, with cholesterol as the major source
C) Fatty acids are classified according to the number of carbon atoms and the number of double
bonds
D) Omega-3 fatty acids are a special class of monounsaturated fatty acids found mainly in fish
oils
Answer: C
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
5) A ________ fatty acid is one that contains two or more double bonds as part of the
hydrocarbon chain.
A) polyunsaturated
B) monounsaturated
C) saturated
D) trans
Answer: C
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
6) Linoleic acid ________.
A) is an essential fatty acid that must be supplied in the diet
B) daily requirements range from 6 to 7 grams per day
C) is hard to obtain in adequate amounts on a vegetarian diet
D) is a saturated fatty acid that must be supplied in the diet
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
2
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.7) Which of the following foods contains the greatest percentage of fat from saturated fatty
acids?
A) Butter
B) Olive oil
C) Soybean oil
D) Corn oil
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
8) Olive oil is one of the best sources of ________ fatty acids.
A) monounsaturated
B) polyunsaturated
C) saturated
D) hydrogenated
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
9) Fatty acids are primarily absorbed from the ________.
A) small intestine
B) liver
C) stomach
D) colon
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
3
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.10) The Nutrition Facts panel on a granola bar indicates that one bar provides 140 kcal. The bar
contains 6 grams of fat. Approximately ________ percent of the kcal in the granola bar are
derived from fat.
A) 39
B) 25
C) 54
D) 47
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.
Activity Type: New
11) Which of the following statements about phospholipids is false?
A) Phospholipids provide 7 kcal per gram consumed.
B) Lecithin is a type of phospholipid found in egg yolks.
C) The human body can make all of the phospholipids it needs.
D) Phospholipids are structurally similar to triglycerides.
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
12) Alpha-linolenic acid is a/an ________ fatty acid.
A) omega-3
B) omega-6
C) saturated
D) monounsaturated
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
4
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.13) Which of the following is true concerning the functions of lipids in the body?
A) The majority of the triglycerides are stored within and between the muscle cells
B) The FFA are reduced to acetyl CoA and produce energy via the lactic acid system
C) Ketones are metabolic byproducts of excess fatty acid metabolism and are an important
energy source during fasting and starvation
D) The FFAs are used by the liver to form other lipids or glucose
Answer: C
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
14) Fat is a very efficient, compact means to store energy ________.
A) because fat has more than three times the kcal per gram than do carbohydrates and protein
B) as there is very little water in a gram of protein, compared to the 3–4 grams of water stored
with each gram of fat
C) with approximately 80,000–100,000 kcal stored in the adipose tissue of the average adult
male
D) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: C
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
15) Which of the following is true for exercise when fat is the energy source?
A) During rest, most of the energy needs of the body are met by the supply of plasma FFA to the
cells.
B) Hormones, such as epinephrine, are secreted during exercise, activate HSL, and these
stimulate the release of FFA into the blood.
C) During high-intensity exercise, 75 percent of the total energy cost is derived from
carbohydrates, while the other 25 percent or less is derived from fat.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
5
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.16) Zane eats approximately 3,000 kcal daily. Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Density
Range (AMDR) for fat, Zane should consume ________ grams of fat daily.
A) 67–117
B) 56–78
C) 75–127
D) 49–78
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.
Activity Type: New
17) Studies have shown that endurance trained athletes ________.
A) derive more energy from carbohydrate at the same level of exercise than they did prior to
training
B) rely less on ketones as an energy source
C) have an increased muscle triglyceride content
D) exhibit a decreased sensitivity of the adipose cells to epinephrine
Answer: C
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
18) Your friend saw an advertisement online for a supplement containing medium-chain
triglycerides (MCTs). Which of the following statements about MCTs is true?
A) MCTs are absorbed directly into the blood without being converted into chylomicrons
B) MCTs provide fewer kcal per gram than long-chain fatty acids
C) MCTs are transported directly to muscles following absorption
D) MCTs contain fatty acids that are 4 or fewer carbons in length
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
6
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.19) Which of the following statements best reflects the research on fat loading?
A) Consumption of a high-fat meal several hours prior to performance will enhance performance
B) The 40-30-30 diet will enhance athletic performance
C) Fasting for 24 hours will improve endurance exercise performance
D) Current scientific literature does not support the notion that fat loading will enhance
performance
Answer: D
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
20) The common function of all lipoproteins is to ________.
A) transport lipids
B) break down triglycerides into glycerol and three fatty acids
C) store fat in the muscles
D) emulsify fats
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
21) The enzyme ________ is secreted from the ________ to digest triglycerides into
monoglycerides and free fatty acids.
A) lipase; pancreas
B) lipoproteinase; liver
C) amylase; pancreas
D) bile; gallbladder
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
7
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.22) Protein accounts for about half of the content of a ________.
A) high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
B) low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
C) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
D) chylomicron
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
23) The form by which cholesterol is transported in your blood may be related to the
development of atherosclerosis. In general, ________.
A) high levels of high-density lipoproteins, which act in a process known as reverse cholesterol
transport, appear to lower the chances of developing atherosclerosis
B) a high ratio of low-density lipoproteins to total cholesterol indicates a very low risk for
developing coronary heart disease
C) high levels of high-density lipoproteins are associated with the formation of plaque because
they are prone to oxidation by macrophages
D) low levels of low-density lipoproteins may contribute to beta-oxidation and increase risk for
coronary heart disease
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
8
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.24) According to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should
be limited to less than ________.
A) 10 percent of total kcal
B) 15 percent of total kcal
C) 10 grams per day
D) 50 grams per day
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Cardiovascular Disease; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.; 05.08 List and
describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are proposed to help treat or prevent the
development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
25) Which of the following statements about ketones is false?
A) Ketones are made when carbohydrates are consumed in excess.
B) Acetoacetic acid is an example of a ketone body.
C) In some cases, ketones can be used as an alternative source of energy by cells.
D) Drinking a beverage containing ketones is not the same as forming ketones in the body.
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.; 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human
energy systems during exercise and how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat
metabolism.
Activity Type: New
9
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.26) Lacey recently had fasting blood work done and her total cholesterol was 170 mg/dL. This is
considered ________.
A) normal
B) moderately elevated
C) significantly elevated
D) low
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
Activity Type: New
27) The two major sources of fat used during exercise are ________.
A) plasma FFAs and intramuscular triglycerides
B) VLDL and plasma FFAs
C) intramuscular triglycerides and chylomicrons
D) VLDL and chylomicrons
Answer: A
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
Activity Type: New
28) An athlete exercising a ________ VO2 max will rely most significantly on fats as a main
source of energy during the physical activity.
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Answer: A
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
Activity Type: New
10
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.29) Which of the following statements relative to cholesterol is false?
A) All healthy diets should contain no cholesterol at all.
B) Your body will manufacture most of the cholesterol that it needs.
C) Cholesterol is a vital part of the structure of most body cells.
D) Cholesterol is involved in the formation of certain compounds in the body, such as several
hormones and bile salts.
E) Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the blood may pose a high risk for the development
of coronary heart disease.
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of
the ten dietary strategies that are proposed to help treat or prevent the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
30) Brandon recently had fasting blood work done as part of a routine physical exam. Which of
the following fasting blood lipid levels is out of range and may contribute to the development of
heart disease?
A) LDL-cholesterol of 120 mg/dL
B) HDL-cholesterol of 60 mg/dL
C) Total cholesterol of 180 mg/dL
D) Triglycerides of 130 mg/dL
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
Activity Type: New
11
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.31) An enzyme complex containing ________ is necessary for transporting FFA into the
mitochondria. Once in the mitochondria, the FFA can be metabolized to acetyl CoA through a
process known as beta-oxidation.
A) carnitine
B) phenylalanine
C) taurine
D) dopamine
Answer: A
Section: Metabolism and Function; Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
Activity Type: New
32) Which of the following foods is likely to contain the most saturated fat?
A) Cheeseburger
B) Grilled salmon
C) Olive oil
D) Almonds
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
12
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.33) Sammy is an alpine skier who has never really paid much attention to her diet. Recently, she
was invited to train at the national training center and she has learned more about the importance
of nutrition for athletic performance. Which of the following foods would you recommend to
Sammy to increase her intake of omega-3 fatty acids?
A) Mixed nuts, including walnuts and almonds
B) Oatbran cereal
C) Whole wheat bread dipped in olive oil
D) Skim milk
Answer: D
Section: Dietary Fats; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health
Implications
Topic: Lipids; Sports Nutrition; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are proposed to
help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
34) Drake has been training to compete in an endurance cycling event. He has regularly been
training at least five days a week for 60 to 240 minutes at a time over the past several months.
Which of the following adaptations has been found to occur following regular endurance
training?
A) Increased use of fat as an energy source
B) Increased use of glycogen as an energy source
C) Decrease blood flow to muscles
D) Increased resistance of adipose and muscle cells to epinephrine
Answer: A
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.; 05.05 Explain the theory
underlying the role of increased fat oxidation to enhance prolonged aerobic endurance
performance.
Activity Type: New
13
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.35) Victoria competes in sprint speed skating events. During such high-intensity sprint events,
fats are the most important fuel for the activity.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.; 05.05 Explain the theory
underlying the role of increased fat oxidation to enhance prolonged aerobic endurance
performance.
Activity Type: New
36) Which of the following statements relative to fats is FALSE?
A) Saturated fats are found primarily in animal foods
B) Vegetable fats are primarily unsaturated fats
C) Polyunsaturated fats are theorized to be more healthful than saturated fats
D) Saturated fats appear to help lower blood cholesterol levels
Answer: D
Section: Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.; 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the
development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and
cholesterol may play in its etiology.
37) Which lipoprotein is theorized to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for
excretion (reverse cholesterol transport)?
A) Beta lipoprotein
B) LDL
C) IDL
D) HDL
Answer: D
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
14
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.38) Some athletes practice ________, a process that involves consuming a large amount of fat
immediately prior to exercise to increase fat utilization during physical activity, thus sparing
carbohydrate stores.
A) fat loading
B) ketosis
C) glycogenesis
D) carbohydrate sparing
Answer: A
Section: Fats and Exercise; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.; 05.06 List the various dietary
fat strategies and dietary supplements that have been investigated as a means of enhancing
exercise performance, and highlight the major findings.; 05.05 Explain the theory underlying the
role of increased fat oxidation to enhance prolonged aerobic endurance performance.
Activity Type: New
39) Which of the following substances has been advertised for endurance athletes because,
theoretically, it would enhance the oxidation of free fatty acids by facilitating their transfer into
the mitochondria?
A) Creatine
B) Alanine
C) Carnitine
D) Coenzyme Q10
Answer: C
Section: Fats and Exercise; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.; 05.05 Explain the theory underlying the role of increased fat oxidation to enhance
prolonged aerobic endurance performance.
15
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.40) Triglycerides are released from the adipose cells as ________.
A) glucose and free fatty acids
B) glycerol and free fatty acids
C) glycogen and free fatty acids
D) gluconate and free fatty acids
E) glycocol and free fatty acids
Answer: B
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
41) According to the AMDRs, fat should supply ________ percent of a healthy adult’s total kcal
intake.
A) 10–20
B) 20–35
C) 30–45
D) 45–65
Answer: B
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.
Activity Type: New
42) Which of the following statements about conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is true?
A) CLA has been marketed as a dietary supplement primarily for resistance-trained athletes.
B) CLA has been found to contribute to increased aerobic capacity in endurance events.
C) CLA has been found to be an effective ergogenic aid.
D) CLA supplementation has been found to result in weight loss when taken in conjunction with
a high-carbohydrate diet.
Answer: A
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.; 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
Activity Type: New
16
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.43) Consuming which monounsaturated fatty acid has been associated with reducing total
cholesterol levels, without reducing HDL-cholesterol?
A) Oleic acid
B) Lardeolic acid
C) Stearic acid
D) Alpha-linolenic acid
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.; 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the
development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and
cholesterol may play in its etiology.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary
strategies that are proposed to help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and
cardiovascular disease.
44) Which of the following statements regarding fat loading strategies is FALSE?
A) Acute fat loading, such as consuming a meal high in fat before exercise, has not been shown
to enhance prolonged endurance performance
B) Although some studies suggest chronic fat loading may spare use of muscle glycogen during
endurance exercise, in general exercise scientists conclude that the technique is not an effective
ergogenic aid for endurance athletes
C) Carnitine supplementation has been shown to be a very effective dietary strategy to enhance
endurance performance, particularly in events such as marathon running
D) As compared to carbohydrate intake, research indicates that medium chain triglyceride
(MCT) supplementation does not enhance endurance performance
E) Omega-3 fatty acids have been hypothesized to enhance endurance performance, but research
studies are not supportive of an ergogenic effect
Answer: C
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
17
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.45) Zander has a family history of heart disease and a personal history of elevated total and
LDL-cholesterol levels. You might recommend all of the following to Zander to lower his blood
lipid levels and risk for heart disease except ________.
A) follow a diet that provides less than 10% of total kcal from fats
B) focus on monounsaturated fats, such as olive oil and canola oil
C) consume fatty fish, such as salmon and tuna, at least twice a week
D) consume plant sources of fat, such as avocados
Answer: A
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are
proposed to help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
46) Due to potential health hazards, dietary fat holds no real value in human nutrition.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats; Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.; 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is
distributed in the body, and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
47) Some plant foods, such as nuts, seeds, and avocados, are rich sources of fat.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
48) If you regularly consume a diet rich in vegetable oil, you will be consuming predominately
monounsaturated fatty acids in your diet.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
18
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.49) Cholesterol is an example of a sterol.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.
Activity Type: New
50) Chylomicrons are made in the liver and transport lipids from the liver to tissues throughout
the body.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
Activity Type: New
51) Adverse reactions to CLA supplementation are mild, with gastrointestinal distress being
most commonly reported.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
52) Ketone bodies are made when carbohydrate intake is insufficient and protein is broken down
to acetyl CoA and then converted into ketone bodies.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.; 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human
energy systems during exercise and how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat
metabolism.
Activity Type: New
19
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.53) All fatty acids needed by the body may be synthesized in the body.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
54) Eicosanoids possess hormone-like properties that influence a number of physiological
functions.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01 List the different types of dietary fatty acids and identify general types
of foods in which they are found.; 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary
supplements that have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and
highlight the major findings.
55) An enzyme known as hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary to transport the fatty acids into
the mitochondria.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Metabolism and Function
Topic: Lipids; Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.03 Describe how dietary fat is absorbed, how it is distributed in the body,
and what its major functions are in human metabolism.
56) Untrained athletes use more fat than trained athletes during a standardized exercise task.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Metabolism and Function; Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.
Activity Type: New
20
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.57) Endurance athletes may benefit from consuming a high-fat meal within two hours of an
event. This meal should be about 80% fat and predominately from nuts, seeds, and other
“healthy” fats.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Fats and Exercise; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.; 05.06 List the various dietary
fat strategies and dietary supplements that have been investigated as a means of enhancing
exercise performance, and highlight the major findings.; 05.05 Explain the theory underlying the
role of increased fat oxidation to enhance prolonged aerobic endurance performance.
Activity Type: New
58) There is considerable scientific data to support that the 40-30-30 diet plan enhances athletic
performance.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Fats and Exercise; Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.05 Explain the theory underlying the role of increased fat oxidation to
enhance prolonged aerobic endurance performance.
59) Flaxseed oil is a particularly rich source of alpha-linolenic acid.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are proposed to
help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
21
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.60) Lecithin supplements do not appear to improve exercise performance, but several of its
constituents have been theorized to enhance exercise performance.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
61) Consuming excessive amounts of certain fish may contribute to mercury build-up in the
body, possibly leading to mercury toxicity.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Fats and Exercise; Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are proposed to
help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
62) Risk factors for heart atherosclerosis include high blood levels of LDL-cholesterol, HDL-
cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
Activity Type: New
22
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.63) Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are replenished by the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose
tissue. The plasma FFA serve as one of the major sources of energy from fat during physical
activity.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Fats and Exercise
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.04 Explain the role of fat in human energy systems during exercise and
how endurance exercise training affects exercise fat metabolism.; 05.05 Explain the theory
underlying the role of increased fat oxidation to enhance prolonged aerobic endurance
performance.
Activity Type: New
64) Arteriosclerosis, one form of atherosclerosis, is characterized by deposits of various fatty
substances, cells, and debris on the arterial walls.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
65) An appropriate diet and regular physical activity are two key recommendations to prevent the
development of atherosclerosis.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.09 Explain the role of exercise as a means of helping prevent the
development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
23
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.66) To improve performance during endurance activities, experts recommend taking a medium-
chain triglyceride supplement at least twice daily.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Fats: Ergogenic Aspects
Topic: Lipids; Physical Activity and Exercise; Sports Nutrition
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.06 List the various dietary fat strategies and dietary supplements that
have been investigated as a means of enhancing exercise performance, and highlight the major
findings.
Activity Type: New
67) Kristin has heard that butter is a rich source of saturated fatty acids and, therefore, she is
trying to avoid butter in her diet. In the supermarket, she sees margarine and reads on the label
that margarine is not a source of saturated fatty acids. Kristin should use the margarine, instead
of butter, because it is a healthier source of fat that may promote optimal health and physical
activity performance.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are
proposed to help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
68) For adults, an optimal fasting blood LDL-cholesterol level is less than 140 mg/dL.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.
Activity Type: New
24
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.69) According to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should
consume less than 300 mg of cholesterol daily.
Answer: FALSE
Section: Dietary Fats
Topic: Lipids; Healthy Diet Guidelines; Cardiovascular Disease; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.02 Calculate the approximate amount, in grams or milligrams, of total
fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol that should be included in your daily diet.
Activity Type: New
70) Consuming a diet rich in fish has been shown to contribute to reduced blood triglyceride
levels, prevention of blood clot formation, and improved vascular tone.
Answer: TRUE
Section: Dietary Fats and Cholesterol: Health Implications
Topic: Lipids; Cardiovascular Disease; Nutrition Basics
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.07 Describe the proposed process underlying the development of
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including the role that dietary fat and cholesterol may
play in its etiology.; 05.08 List and describe at least eight of the ten dietary strategies that are
proposed to help treat or prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Activity Type: New
25
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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