Public Health Science And Nursing Practice By Christine Savage, Joan Kub – Test Bank

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Chapter 5: Health Program Planning

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A community’s public health nurses (PHNs) are working on building community capacity, which

includes all of the following except:

A. B. C. D. Organizing assets and resources to improve the health of a community

Assessing how many people the community clinic will contain at one time

Working in partnerships and supporting decision making

Identifying root causes of health problems and working on interventions and outcomes

ANS: B

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 109-110

Heading: Introduction

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Applying [Application]

Concept: Promoting Health; Collaboration

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A Community capacity refers to the ability of a community to work together to organize

their available resources in order to aid the area.

B Assessing the capacity of a clinic is not a part of building community capacity.

C It can be quite self-sustaining when the community is empowered to make their own

decisions about interventions and outcomes.

D Through collaboration, the community can recognize, evaluate, and address key

problems.

2. PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health | Collaboration

Due to health concerns for high-risk populations, Healthy People 2020 includes as one of its main

goals:

A. To provide better insurance programs

B. To have collaboration among governmental agencies

C. To provide access to preventive health-care services

D. To improve assessment of services

ANS: C

Objective: 1. Discuss the use of Healthy People 2020 in health program planning.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A The Healthy People 2020 document provides structure to bring a uniformity of care but

not necessarily access to insurance.

B Collaboration among agencies is not a distinct goal of Healthy People 2020.

C The quickest method to aid high-risk populations is to give preventative health care and3. 4. to avoid secondary and tertiary health problems.

D Assessment of services does not directly improve health care for high-risk populations.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

A public health nursing instructor educates a class that the Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling

factors, and Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) component of the

PRECEDE-PROCEED begins with:

A. An examination of administrative and organizational issues

B. A comprehensive community assessment

C. Preventative programs

D. The implementation of behavior change

ANS: B

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health; Nursing Roles

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A When the assessment phase is complete, the model provides guidance on how to

examine the administrative and organization issues that need to be dealt with before

implementing a program aimed at improving the community’s health.

B When a community uses the PRECEDE process, it begins with a comprehensive

community assessment process.

C When a community uses the PRECEDE process, it begins with a comprehensive

community assessment process.

D The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is meant as a model for program planning which

comes before program implementation.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health | Nursing Roles

In general, nurses using the program planning model would begin by:

A. Assessing the community

B. Clarifying the health problem

C. Understanding the underlying factors that contribute to the problem

D. Developing an intervention

ANS: B

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A The second step is assessing the various aspects of the community experiencing the

health problem.5. 6. B The first step to program planning is clearly stating the health problem that will be

addressed by the program.

C The third step is realizing the causes of the health problem.

D The last step is developing an intervention to improve the health of the community.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

A group of public health officials want to use the logic model for program design. In this model, when

a program’s intended outcome is achieved, this is referred to as successful:

A. Input

B. Output

C. Outcome

D. Impact

ANS: B

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A Input refers to the resources that are needed and available for the program.

B Output is the direct product of the activities of the program.

C An outcome is the intended result or benefit of the planned intervention and what you

plan to measure.

D An impact is the program goal that produces long-term change in the community.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

The logic model can provide an analytical structure for better outcome development and program

management and evaluation. This was applied to programs aimed at families at risk for homelessness.

Researchers found that the main advantage to this model was that

A. They were able to acquire government aid.

B. They were able to more clearly define their goals to determine more immediate outcomes.

C. They were able to get more material resources.

D. They were able to build houses for those at risk.

ANS: B

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A The goal of the program was to move the families toward self-sufficiency.

B The logic model streamlined their approach to program management and helped them

to better define their goals.7. 8. C The key to program planning is acquiring more human resources through community

involvement.

D The idea behind this project was to promote job training and community involvement to

avoid homelessness.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

If the logic model is used for its linear reasoning in program design, the implementer will read the

model like a map, from left to right, whereas stakeholders will read the steps:

A. From left to right

B. All at once

C. From right to left

D. By scanning

ANS: C

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A Implementers will read the model like a map to understand what resources are available

for implementation, what program is to be produced, and with what results.

B The model is not static and can be improved through evaluation, but this would be

difficult to accomplish reading it as a whole.

C Stakeholders should read the steps from right to left, understanding the impact and

outcomes first, then determining what activities and output are needed. Finally, they

would establish what resources are necessary to implement the intended activities.

D Scanning does not insure capture of the details needed to operate a program.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

If a PHN is working for the cause of social justice within a community, he or she will distribute a

vaccine

A. Only to children

B. Only to the elderly

C. Only to those who have insurance

D. To everyone equally, according to the resources available

ANS: D

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 116-117

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Key Components of Health Program Planning

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Immunity; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A Social justice dictates that everyone, not just children, should have access to basic9. 10. health services.

B The idea of justice states that everyone, not just the elderly, should have basic

opportunities for a healthy life.

C Those who have insurance are not the only ones who should have the opportunity for a

healthy life, according to the concept of social justice.

D Social justice dictates that everyone should have equal access to basic health services,

according to the resources available.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity | Promoting Health

Keeping in mind distal social determinants when helping a community, a nurse uses the resources

available to:

A. Build a better playground.

B. Build a better clinic.

C. Build a better school.

D. Build a better community grocery store.

ANS: C

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 116-117

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Key Components of Health Program Planning

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A The distal social determinants are income, education, housing, and racism. Building a

better playground may encourage community spirit, but it would not change the health

status of the community as effectively as an intervention or program that improves

these social determinants.

B The distal social determinants are income, education, housing, and racism. The addition

of a clinic would make health care more accessible, but it would not change the health

status of the community as effectively as an intervention or program that improves

these social determinants.

C The distal social determinants are income, education, housing, and racism. The

construction of a better school would change the distal social determinants by

improving education and thus employment.

D The distal social determinants are income, education, housing, and racism. The addition

of a better grocery store does not address the distal social determinants.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health

A PHN is studying a geriatric population in a high-rise building. As part of the community diagnosis,

there are several factors to be examined, including the factor that is particularly significant to

designing the program since it alters the outcome. This factor is called the:

A. Causal factor

B. Mediating factor

C. Moderating factor

D. Antecedent factor11. 12. ANS: B

Objective: 3. Describe the steps in writing a community diagnoses.

pp. 118-122

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Community Diagnoses

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Nursing; Assessment; Critical Thinking; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A The causal factors are the factors that caused the problem.

B Mediating factors occur between the causal factors and the outcomes and are important

to designing the program since they alter outcomes.

C Moderating factors are factors that can make the problem better or worse.

D Antecedent factors are behaviors that existed prior to the health problem.

PTS: 1 CON: Nursing | Assessment | Critical Thinking | Promoting Health

When a PHN is working on a community diagnosis for an industrial town with a high incidence of a

normally water-borne illness, the nurse researches the characteristics of the problem. This part of a

community diagnosis looks at

A. What the problem is related to

B. The assessment

C. The population

D. How the problem is demonstrated

ANS: A

Objective: 3. Describe the steps in writing a community diagnoses.

pp. 118-122

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Community Diagnoses

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health; Safety

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A The characteristics of a population are what factors the problem is related to.

B The assessment is the entire process by which the problem is evaluated.

C The population is the group of people that is impacted by the problem.

D The indicators of the problem are how the problem is demonstrated.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health | Safety

A nurse wants to use evidence-based practice (EBP) to develop a program aimed at preventing social

isolation in older adults. The first step the nurse should take is to

A. Do an assessment.

B. Develop a community diagnosis.

C. Consult the literature to create a rationale for intervention.

D. Begin community organizing.

ANS: C

Objective: 4. Explain the importance of evidence based practice in program planning.13. 14. pp. 122-123

Heading: Evidence-Based Practice in Program Planning

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Promoting Health; Evidence-Based Practice; Nursing

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A At this point, an assessment should have already been done.

B At this point, a community diagnosis should have already been done.

C Consulting the literature to create a rationale for intervention is the first step in EBP.

D Community organizing could be a step after the literature is consulted.

PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health | Evidence-Based Practice | Nursing

A nurse is planning for the community acceptance of a program, estimating resources, developing

specific plans for activities, and establishing program management. The nurse is currently working on

A. Project management

B. Program evaluation

C. Program implementation

D. Program planning

ANS: C

Objective: 5. Describe the process of writing goals, objectives, and activities for a health program.

p. 124

Heading: Program Implementation

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health; Management

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A Project management is an end-to-end process that includes everything from project

planning to implementation.

B Program evaluation is the process that analyzes the effectiveness of the program after it

has been implemented.

C Program implementation encompasses the resources needed for a program as well as

the mechanism for putting the program in place.

D Program planning is part of the larger health planning process, beginning with the

assessment and continuing with the development of the program.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health | Management

A nurse is working on a type of evaluation that examines how a program actually works and whether

any outside environmental events might have an impact on the program. This type of evaluation is

called a

A. Formative evaluation

B. Process evaluation

C. Summative evaluation

D. Program evaluation

ANS: B15. 16. Objective: 6. Discuss the different types of program evaluations and their value.

pp. 125-126

Heading: Program Evaluation > Evaluation Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A A formative evaluation occurs during the development of a program, while the

activities are being formed and implemented. The evaluations described in this question

are a type of formative evaluation, but more specifically it is a process evaluation.

B A process evaluation studies the process of delivering the program and how the

program actually works. It is also important for an evaluator to be aware of any outside

environmental events that might influence the program.

C A summative evaluation occurs at the end of the program and it judges whether the

program achieved the outcome. It also looks at the cost benefit and effectiveness of the

program.

D A program evaluation is the general term that encompasses all types of evaluations.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health

A PHN is gathering evaluation information on a program to be used for several purposes, except

A. B. C. D. To share with the media for public relations

To make improvements on the program

To redefine the population being served

To share with funding agencies

ANS: A

Objective: 6. Discuss the different types of program evaluations and their value.

pp. 126-127

Heading: Program Evaluation > Nine Steps of Program Evaluation

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health; Assessment

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

A Evaluation information is generally used for the appropriate agencies that directly

influence the program’s welfare, not for public disclosure.

B Evaluation information helps the management team and the participants make the

program better.

C The population of a program sometimes needs to be evaluated to reassess the needs

being addressed and the people being helped.

D The information of a program evaluation can be shared with funding agencies to

receive more funding for a successful program.

PTS: 1 problem?

A. Moral

B. Management

CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health | Assessment

Pressure to slant or misuse the findings of an evaluation from the stakeholders would be what kind ofC. Confidentiality

D. Ethical

ANS: D

Objective: 6. Discuss the different types of program evaluations and their value.

pp. 126-127

Heading: Program Evaluation > Nine Steps of Program Evaluation

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health; Ethics

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

A A moral problem pertains to one’s personal character issues and has larger implications

in an ethical system. This example is not dealing with personal character issues.

B This is an example of an ethical issue, not a managerial one. If the findings of an

evaluation were misused or changed, the ethical issue might become a managerial issue

later.

C Confidentiality would be a problem if the data of the program’s participants were

breached.

D Ethics make up the code of behavior of a group and impact a social system. In this case,

the ethics of the health program would be compromised.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health | Ethics

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

17. A PHN is evaluating the effectiveness of a health intervention program for children by looking at the

program characteristics. According to Lisbeth Scherer’s criteria, the nurse will be looking for which of

the following?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Whether the program is meeting all the needs of the children

B. Whether the program continues to reach out to the families in neighborhoods

C. Whether the program stays true to its goals

D. Whether the staff and managers are able to support the mission of the program

E. Whether the program is able to attract grant money

ANS: A, B, C, D

Objective: 6. Discuss the different types of program evaluations and their value.

pp. 123-124

Heading: Evidence-Based Practice in Program Planning > Resources for Evidence-Based Programs

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health; Family; Evidence-Based Practice

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

1 This is correct. The program is effective according to Scherer’s criteria if it perseveres in its

mission and sees children in the context of their families.

2 This is correct. The program is effective according to Scherer’s criteria if it deals with families as

parts of neighborhoods.

3 This is correct. The program is effective according to Scherer’s criteria if it has a long-term,18. 19. preventative orientation and a clear mission.

4 This is correct. The program is effective according to Scherer’s criteria if it is managed by

competent people with good skills and staffed by well-trained individuals.

5 This is incorrect. The program characteristics pertain to the human factor of a health program and

not the financial aspects.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health | Family | Evidence-Based Practice

When analyzing evidence-based practice (EBP) literature to see if the information should be used in

planning a program, a nurse should look at which of the following?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. B. C. D. E. Quantitative and qualitative data from studies

Analysis to see if the program is thriving

Economic indicators to see if the program is financially stable

Indicators of real outcomes and behavior change

Indicators of outside factors that might change the program

ANS: A, B, D, E

Objective: 4. Explain the importance of evidence-based practice in program planning.

pp. 123-124

Heading: Evidence-Based Practice in Program Planning > Resources for Evidence-Based Programs

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Evidence-Based Practice; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback

1 This is correct. Quantitative and qualitative data from studies will help the nurse to know whether

the research is solid enough information on which to build a program.

2 This is correct. The nurse should analyze the data to see if the program is still thriving and being

used.

3 This is incorrect. The economic indicators are not a part of evidence-based practice.

4 This is correct. Indicators of real outcomes and behavior change are essential factors as to whether

a program should be replicated elsewhere.

5 This is correct. Indicators of outside factors that might impact the program, positively or

negatively, are important to consider. These factors can help the nurse determine if a program is a

good fit for the community.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Evidence-Based Practice | Promoting Health

In community organizing, the PHN recognizes that her role is that of a:

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Stakeholder

B. Leader

C. Listener

D. Facilitator

E. Developer of skills

ANS: C, D, E

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models

pp. 116-117

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Key Components of Health Program PlanningIntegrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Applying [Application]

Concept: Promoting Health; Nursing Roles; Collaboration

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

1 This is incorrect. A stakeholder is someone that a program will directly impact.

2 This is incorrect. In community organizing, a nurse will want to grow leaders, but is not

considered to be one.

3 This is correct. When a nurse becomes a listener, he or she can more easily digest information and

direct it to the correct place.

4 This is correct. A nurse will need to be a facilitator and bring the community the resources that it

needs.

5 This is correct. The nurse can train the community and help them develop the skills they need to

improve their health situation.

20. PTS: 1 CON: Promoting Health | Nursing Roles | Collaboration

When considering the outcomes of a planned intervention, a nurse should measure which of the

following types of outcomes?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A. Short-term

B. Medium-term

C. Changes in knowledge, skills, or behavior

D. Long-term

E. Unexpected or unintended outcomes

ANS: A, B, C, E

Objective: 2. Identify components of different health planning models.

pp. 111-116

Heading: Overview of Health Program Planning > Health Program Planning Models

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]

Concept: Critical Thinking; Promoting Health

Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

1 This is correct. Short-term outcomes provide good feedback and direction for the program.

2 This is correct. Medium-term outcomes determine whether a program is beneficial.

3 This is correct. Changes in knowledge, skills, and behavior are indicators as to whether a program

is working.

4 This is incorrect. Long-term refers to the impact of a program rather than the outcomes.

5 This is correct. Unexpected or unintended outcomes, although perhaps not part of the program’s

goal, will be an important part of the evaluation.

PTS: 1 CON: Critical Thinking | Promoting Health