Nutrition Through the Life Cycle 6th Edition By Judith E. Brown – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

True / False

1. The effects of gestational hypertension on the course and outcome of pregnancy are often benign.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

2. The risk for developing preeclampsia is higher in women who were born large for gestational age.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

3. Children born to calcium-supplemented women have been found to have lower blood pressure than children whose

mothers were not supplemented.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

4. Routine salt restriction is advised to lower the risk of preeclampsia.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

5. Signs, symptoms, severity, and causes of preeclampsia vary from woman to woman.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

6. Gestational diabetes appears to be caused by a woman’s intake of sugar.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

7. Research indicates that 75% of women with gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy will develop it in a subsequent

pregnancy.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

8. Because of higher needs, women with multifetal pregnancies should take nutrient supplements exceeding the Tolerable

Upper Intake Levels.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

9. Twins at the highest risk of death and malformations have separate amniotic sacs but share the same placenta.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

10. Rates of dizygotic twins vary among racial groups and by country.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

Multiple Choice

11. An unfavorable metabolic change associated with excessive body fat is _____.

a. decreased blood glucose levels

b. decreased blood concentration of insulin

c. insulin resistance

d. high levels of HDL cholesterol

e. low levels of LDL cholesterol

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Remember

12. Obesity increases the risk of _____.

a. gestational diabetes only

b. hypertension during pregnancy only

c. anemia

d. gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy

e. gestational diabetes, hypertension during pregnancy, and anemia

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Remember

13. Women who enter pregnancy obese are more likely to gain _____ during pregnancy compared with normal weight

women.

a. too much weight

b. too little weight

c. weight too slowly

d. weight too quickly

e. no weight

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

KEYWORDS: Understand

14. Weight loss by obese women during pregnancy _____.

a. is recommended

b. increases the risk of large-for-gestation-age infants

c. lengthens the duration of pregnancy

d. increases the risk of small-for-gestation-age infants

e. has no impact on pregnancy outcomes

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Understand

15. Dumping syndrome is a condition characterized by the abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach and is seen in

women who _____.

a. have gestational diabetes

b. are at risk for preeclampsia

c. have undergone bariatric surgery

d. drink more than 4 alcoholic beverages per day

e. are carrying triplets

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Remember

16. Hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure of ≥

_____

mm Hg systolic or ≥

_____

mm Hg diastolic blood

pressure.

a. 120; 70

b. 140; 90

c. 120; 90

d. 140; 70

e. 160; 110

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

17. A worldwide leading cause of maternal mortality is _____.

a. gestational diabetes

b. a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

c. AIDS/HIV

d. multifetal pregnancy

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

e. an adolescent pregnancy complication

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

18. The urinary excretion of ≥ 0.3 g of protein in a 24-hour urine specimen defines

.

_____

a. gestational diabetes

b. hypertension

c. proteinuria

d. preeclampsia

e. dumping syndrome

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

19. Which symptom is least likely to be associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia?

a. blood vessel spasms and constriction

b. increased calcium excretion

c. oxidative stress and inflammation

d. platelet aggregation and blood coagulation

e. insulin resistance

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

20. Organs most affected by small blood clots and reduced blood flow due to preeclampsia include the _____.

a. pancreas

b. lungs

c. heart

d. liver

e. appendix

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

21. Ideally, when should dietary intervention for preeclampsia begin?

a. prior to pregnancy

b. prior to infant delivery

c. prior to the 20th week of pregnancy

d. after the 20th week of pregnancy

e. after childbirth

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

22. Which nutritional or physical activity recommendation is least likely to benefit women at risk for preeclampsia?

a. high-dosage iron supplements

b. 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily

c. moderate exercise

d. adequate fiber intake

e. adequate vitamin D

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

23. Which nutrients appear to reduce or prevent preeclampsia?

a. calcium and magnesium

b. calcium and folic acid

c. calcium and vitamin D

d. fish oils and vitamin E

e. vitamins C and E

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

24. Diets characterized by a high intake of _____ have been linked to a decreased risk of preeclampsia.

a. protein-containing foods

b. plant foods

c. salty foods

d. sweet or sugary foods

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

e. processed foods

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

25. How many minutes of physical activity are recommended daily for women at risk of preeclampsia?

a. 15

b. 30

c. 60

d. 90

e. Exercise is not recommended.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

26. All forms of hypertension in pregnancy are related to _____.

a. chronic inflammation only

b. oxidative stress only

c. damage to the endothelium of blood vessels only

d. chronic inflammation and oxidative stress only

e. chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to the endothelium of blood vessels

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

27. Oxidative stress occurs when cells are exposed to more _____ molecules than _____ molecules.

a. lipid; protein

b. antioxidant; protein

c. oxidizing; lipid

d. oxidizing; antioxidant

e. antioxidant; oxidizing

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

28. Chronic hypertension _____.

a. occurs more often in non-Hispanic Black Americans than Caucasian Americans

b. is decreasing in incidence due to better medical prevention methods

c. is less common in women of older childbearing age

d. is usually treated with the same prescriptions in pregnant and non-pregnant women

e. increases the rate of fetal growth

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

29. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are decreased by _____.

a. high levels of body fat

b. frequent intake of processed meats

c. smoking

d. physical inactivity

e. vitamin D sufficiency

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

30. Insulin resistance and requirement _____ as pregnancy progresses.

a. both increase

b. both decrease

c. both remain unchanged

d. increase and decrease, respectively

e. decrease and increase, respectively

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

31. The majority (88%) of all cases of diabetes in pregnancy are _____.

a. type 1 diabetes

b. preeclampsia

c. gestational diabetes

d. gestational hypertension

e. type 2 diabetes

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

32. Maintenance of normal blood glucose levels during pregnancy requires sufficient insulin production by _____ cells of

the _____.

a. alpha; pancreas

b. beta; pancreas

c. gamma; pancreas

d. alpha; thyroid

e. beta; thyroid

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

33. About _____% of women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes within 2-5 years.

a. 10-15

b. 20-25

c. 30-40

d. 50-60

e. 75

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

34. According to the American Diabetes Association, when should pregnant women without diabetes have their blood

glucose tested?

a. between 24-28 weeks of gestation

b. after the first trimester

c. between 6-8 weeks of gestation

d. at 17 weeks of gestation

e. Pregnant women without diabetes do not need to be screened.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

KEYWORDS: Remember

35. Elevation of ketone levels can occur if calorie intakes are decreased to less than _____.

a. 1500 calories daily

b. 1800 calories daily

c. 2000 calories daily

d. 20% below calorie needs

e. 25% below calorie needs

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

36. The mainstay of treatment for gestational diabetes aimed at normalizing blood glucose levels is(are) _____.

a. oral medications

b. insulin injections or an insulin pump

c. a low-calorie, high-protein diet

d. medical nutrition therapy focusing on diet and exercise

e. a very low calorie intake

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

37. Which type of diabetes is potentially the most hazardous to the mother and fetus?

a. type 1 diabetes

b. type 2 diabetes

c. gestational diabetes

d. They are all equally hazardous.

e. None are hazardous to both the mother and fetus.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

38. Metformin, the only type of oral medication used to treat gestational diabetes, is useful because it _____.

a. increases glucose production

b. stimulates insulin secretion

c. increases insulin resistance

d. improves insulin sensitivity

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

e. stimulates ketone production

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

39. The primary outcome goal for pregnant women with type 2 diabetes is to _____.

a. maintain blood glucose levels within normal range

b. prevent the development of diabetes later in life

c. prevent excessive weight gain

d. maintain normal blood pressure

e. avoid the use of insulin during pregnancy

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

40. It is common for women with gestational diabetes to consume _____ % of calories from carbohydrates during

pregnancy.

a. 65

b. 50

c. 45

d. 25

e. 60

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

41. Assessment of urinary _____ levels is sometimes used in practice to estimate the adequacy of calories and

carbohydrate intake.

a. insulin

b. glucose

c. sugar

d. ketone

e. potassium

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Apply

42. With respect to management of type 1 diabetes, an artificial _____ has been developed and may become available for

use in the future?

a. bladder

b. pancreas

c. liver

d. kidney

e. lung

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Apply

43. The vanishing twin phenomenon refers to _____.

a. more triplets and quadruplets being born than twins due to fertility drugs

b. the disappearance of embryos within 13 weeks of conception

c. the decreasing percentage of dizygotic twins in favor of monozygotic twins

d. the emergence of an additional fetus in a pregnancy that began with only two fetuses

e. the decreasing percentage of twins in favor of single-child births due to in vitro fertilization techniques

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

44. Which type of multifetal pregnancy is most common?

a. twins

b. triplets

c. quadruplets

d. quintuplets

e. heptuplets

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

45. The majority of twins born are _____.

a. dizygotic

b. monozygotic

c. trizygotic

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

d. identical

e. dizygotic and identical

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

46. Monozygotic twins are _____, while dizygotic twins are _____.

a. always the same sex; always different sexes

b. the same sex 50% of the time; always the same sex

c. always the same sex; the same sex 50% of the time

d. always different sexes; always the same sex

e. the same sex 50% of the time; always different sexes

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

47. The mean birthweight of newborns from a twin pregnancy is _____ grams.

a. 1800

b. 2000

c. 2400

d. 2600

e. 2800

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

48. A multifetal pregnancy is least likely to increase the mother’s risk for _____.

a. preeclampsia

b. iron-deficiency anemia

c. preterm delivery

d. Cesarean delivery

e. maternal mortality

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

49. Several studies on weight gain and birth weight have shown that a weight gain of approximately _____ pounds

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

corresponds to healthy-sized triplets.

a. 25

b. 30

c. 40

d. 50

e. 60

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

50. To achieve a 40-pound weight gain, women with twins need to consume approximately _____ more calories during

pregnancy than do women with singleton pregnancies.

a. 15,000

b. 25,000

c. 35,000

d. 45,000

e. 50,000

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

51. AIDS may be transmitted from mother to child through _____.

a. pregnancy only

b. breastfeeding only

c. airborne HIV particles only

d. pregnancy and breastfeeding only

e. pregnancy, breastfeeding, and airborne HIV particles

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: HIV/AIDS During Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.5 – Identify the components of nutritional care for women with HIV

during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

52. Goals for the nutritional management of women with HIV/AIDS advise against _____.

a. normal intakes of supplemental vitamins A and D

b. normal intakes of supplemental iron

c. BMI estimates early in pregnancy

d. treating iron-deficiency anemia with iron supplements

e. high doses of vitamin and mineral supplements

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: HIV/AIDS During Pregnancy

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.5 – Identify the components of nutritional care for women with HIV

during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

53. What eating disorder is most commonly observed among pregnant American women?

a. bulimia nervosa

b. anorexia nervosa

c. binge eating disorder

d. emotional overeating

e. Pregnant women cannot have eating disorders because women do not ovulate if they have an eating disorder.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Eating Disorders in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.6 – Identify two primary components of the nutritional care of women

with eating disorders during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

54. The recommended treatment for a pregnant woman with an eating disorder is to _____.

a. remind her to eat foods that help with weight gain

b. refer her to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues

c. bargain with the woman to consume larger food portions but tell her that she can still vomit after eating

d. listen to her express her anxiety and fear of weight gain without commenting negatively

e. commit her to a psychiatric ward that helps women with eating disorders

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Eating Disorders in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.6 – Identify two primary components of the nutritional care of women

with eating disorders during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

55. The term used in the healthcare field to discuss pregnant women with eating disorders is _____.

a. pregnancy fasting

b. pregnancy-related food deficit

c. pregulemia

d. pregorexia

e. pregnancy anorexia

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: Eating Disorders in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.6 – Identify two primary components of the nutritional care of women

with eating disorders during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

56. Inadequate food intake in pregnant women with eating disorders is indicated by the presence of _____ in the urine.

a. ketones

b. fiber

c. iron

d. thromboxane

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

e. glucose

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Eating Disorders in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.6 – Identify two primary components of the nutritional care of women

with eating disorders during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

57. The term fetal alcohol spectrum is now being used to describe _____.

a. the range of effects alcohol has on fetal growth and development

b. the number of drinks a woman can safely consume while pregnant

c. a set of characteristics seen in children with alcoholic mothers

d. children that have alcoholic fathers

e. the effects on young children who are allowed to consume alcohol

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.7 – Summarize the consequences of excess alcohol intake during

pregnancy, and list four factors that affect relationship between alcohol intake and the

outcome of pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

58. Abnormal facial features, such as a flat mid-face, abnormally shaped ears, and the presence of a smooth ridge between

nose and lips characterize infants _____.

a. with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder

b. with alcohol-related birth defects

c. with fetal alcohol syndrome

d. of mothers with gestational diabetes

e. of mothers with eating disorders

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.7 – Summarize the consequences of excess alcohol intake during

pregnancy, and list four factors that affect relationship between alcohol intake and the

outcome of pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

59. An estimated 44 percent of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders have _____ system impairments that result

in behavioral and intellectual disabilities.

a. central nervous system

b. circulatory

c. respiratory

d. immune

e. insulin delivery

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.7 – Summarize the consequences of excess alcohol intake during

pregnancy, and list four factors that affect relationship between alcohol intake and the

outcome of pregnancy.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

KEYWORDS: Remember

60. Pregnant adolescents have a higher requirement for _____ than pregnant adults.

a. iron

b. folic acid

c. vitamin A

d. protein

e. calcium

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: Nutrition and Adolescent Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.8 – Distinguish three ways in which energy and nutrient needs differ

between adults and adolescents during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

Mickie is a 37-year-old Hispanic female in her second pregnancy. Her first pregnancy resulted in a healthy baby girl who

weighed 9 pounds 3 oz. Her prepregnancy information is as follows: BMI = 28; height = 5’4” tall; and weight = 165

pounds (75 kg). She did not manage to take off all the weight she gained before getting pregnant again and, at 24 weeks,

she has gained 20 pounds and currently weighs 185 pounds (84 kg). Diet history reveals an average Calorie intake of 2300

Calories per day. Two hours after her 75-g glucose tolerance test starts, her blood glucose is 155 mg/dL.

61. Mickie’s BMI indicates that she was _____ going into pregnancy.

a. underweight

b. at a normal weight

c. overweight

d. obese

e. morbidly

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Apply

62. Mickie’s glucose tolerance test results indicate that she _____.

a. is okay and does not have to be tested for gestational diabetes

b. has gestational diabetes

c. has borderline diabetes

d. has type 2 diabetes

e. has preeclampsia

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Apply

63. What would be the next step for Mickie?

a. Go home and continue to have routine doctor visits.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

b. Attempt to normalize blood glucose levels by following a healthy diet and exercising.

c. Perform a 50-gram glucose tolerance test while fasting.

d. Begin a calorie-controlled diet and return to her doctor in 2 weeks to recheck weight.

e. Cut caloric intake to less than 1500 calories per day.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Apply

Matching

Matching

a. physiologically active substances that act to constrict blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase

b. carbohydrate intolerance with first onset in pregnancy

c. the layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels

d. blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (systolic) or ≥90 mm Hg (diastolic) diagnosed before 20th week of pregnancy

e. increased blood pressure diagnosed mid-pregnancy

f. abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach causing weakness, dizziness, flushing, and nausea

g. head too large for birth canal

h. increased blood pressure diagnosed after the 20th week of pregnancy in previously normotensive women

i. the separation of the placenta from its attachment to the uterus wall

j. metabolic by-products of the breakdown of fatty acids

k. disease associated with having deficient insulin output and being dependent on exogenous insulin

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

64. Endothelium

ANSWER: c

65. Chronic hypertension

ANSWER: d

66. Thromboxanes

ANSWER: a

67. Gestational hypertension

ANSWER: e

68. Preeclampsia

ANSWER: h

69. Placenta abruption

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 18Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

ANSWER: i

Matching

a. physiologically active substances that act to constrict blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase

b. carbohydrate intolerance with first onset in pregnancy

c. the layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels

d. blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (systolic) or ≥90 mm Hg (diastolic) diagnosed before 20th week of pregnancy

e. increased blood pressure diagnosed mid-pregnancy

f. abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach causing weakness, dizziness, flushing, and nausea

g. head too large for birth canal

h. increased blood pressure diagnosed after the 20th week of pregnancy in previously normotensive women

i. the separation of the placenta from its attachment to the uterus wall

j. metabolic by-products of the breakdown of fatty acids

k. disease associated with having deficient insulin output and being dependent on exogenous insulin

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Remember

70. Gestational diabetes

ANSWER: b

71. Dumping syndrome

ANSWER: f

Matching

a. physiologically active substances that act to constrict blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase

b. carbohydrate intolerance with first onset in pregnancy

c. the layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels

d. blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (systolic) or ≥90 mm Hg (diastolic) diagnosed before 20th week of pregnancy

e. increased blood pressure diagnosed mid-pregnancy

f. abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach causing weakness, dizziness, flushing, and nausea

g. head too large for birth canal

h. increased blood pressure diagnosed after the 20th week of pregnancy in previously normotensive women

i. the separation of the placenta from its attachment to the uterus wall

j. metabolic by-products of the breakdown of fatty acids

k. disease associated with having deficient insulin output and being dependent on exogenous insulin

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

72. Ketones

ANSWER: j

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 19Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

73. Type 1 diabetes

ANSWER: k

Matching

a. physiologically active substances that act to constrict blood vessels, causing blood pressure to increase

b. carbohydrate intolerance with first onset in pregnancy

c. the layer of cells lining the inside of blood vessels

d. blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (systolic) or ≥90 mm Hg (diastolic) diagnosed before 20th week of pregnancy

e. increased blood pressure diagnosed mid-pregnancy

f. abnormally rapid emptying of the stomach causing weakness, dizziness, flushing, and nausea

g. head too large for birth canal

h. increased blood pressure diagnosed after the 20th week of pregnancy in previously normotensive women

i. the separation of the placenta from its attachment to the uterus wall

j. metabolic by-products of the breakdown of fatty acids

k. disease associated with having deficient insulin output and being dependent on exogenous insulin

REFERENCES: Nutrition and Adolescent Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.8 – Distinguish three ways in which energy and nutrient needs differ

between adults and adolescents during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

74. Cephalopelvic disproportion

ANSWER: g

Subjective Short Answer

75. Discuss the primary goals of treatment for gestational diabetes, and the potential adverse outcomes for mother and

baby if these goals are not met. What risk factors are associated with developing gestational diabetes?

ANSWER: The mainstay of treatment for gestational diabetes is medical nutrition therapy that begins

with attempts to normalize blood glucose levels with diet and exercise. Dietary and physical

activity changes been shown to effectively normalize blood glucose levels and to decrease

the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in some women. If treatment goals are not met,

gestational diabetes increases risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, congenital anomalies,

and neonatal death. Risk factors associated with developing gestational diabetes include

excess body fat, unhealthy dietary patterns, and low physical activity levels.

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

76. Discuss the dietary recommendations for women with gestational diabetes. What are the proportions of daily calorie

intake assigned to meals and snacks?

ANSWER: In general, dietary patterns developed for women with gestational diabetes emphasize whole-

grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, and high-fiber foods; minimally processed,

nutrient-dense foods consumed in appropriate portion sizes; limited intake of sugars and

foods and beverages that contain them; low-glycemic index and high-fiber foods; unsaturated

fats; and three regular meals and snacks daily. Proportions of daily calorie intake generally

assigned to meals and snacks are 10–20 percent for breakfast; 20–30 percent for lunch; 30–40

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 20Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

percent for dinner; and 30 percent for snacks.

REFERENCES: Diabetes in Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.3 – Connect the different, major types of disorders in carbohydrate

metabolism that occur during pregnancy and the key components of the nutritional

management of each type.

KEYWORDS: Understand

77. Describe visceral fat and its metabolic effects. Explain how high levels of visceral fat can lead to increased disease

risk.

ANSWER: Visceral fat lies beneath skin and muscles of the abdomen, and around internal organs. It is

much more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat (fat that lies beneath the skin) and is

more strongly related to disease risk. Metabolic processes initiated by visceral fat produce

chronic inflammation, free-radical generation, and oxidative stress. These disruptions

promote the development of insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride

concentrations, and increased blood pressure. These changes, in turn, increase the risk of

gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and other clinical conditions during pregnancy.

Normal-weight and overweight individuals with excessive visceral fat deposits are also at

increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and diseases associated with them.

REFERENCES: Obesity and Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.1 – Cite three specific examples of nutrition-related recommendations

intended for women who enter pregnancy obese.

KEYWORDS: Understand

78. Name and describe the four types of hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy.

ANSWER: Chronic hypertension is present before pregnancy or diagnosed before 20 weeks of

pregnancy. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg

diastolic blood pressure. Hypertension first diagnosed during pregnancy that does not resolve

after pregnancy is also classified as chronic hypertension. Gestational hypertension is a

condition that exists when elevated blood pressure levels are detected for the first time after

mid-pregnancy. It is accompanied by proteinuria or the onset of new symptoms.

Preeclampsia-Eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that usually occurs after 20 weeks

gestation (but that may occur earlier) in previously normotensive women. It is determined by

increased blood pressure during pregnancy to ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic

and is accompanied by proteinuria. In the absence of proteinuria, the disease is highly

suspected when increased blood pressure is accompanied by headache, blurred vision,

abdominal pain, low platelet count, and abnormal liver enzyme values. Chronic hypertension

with superimposed preeclampsia is a disorder characterized by the development of

proteinuria during pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension. In women with

hypertension and proteinuria before 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is indicated by a sudden

increase in proteinuria, blood pressure, or abnormal platelet or liver enzyme levels.

REFERENCES: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.2 – Distinguish the different types of hypertensive disorders that occur

during pregnancy, and connect two components of nutrition care recommended for women

with each type.

KEYWORDS: Remember

79. Describe two factors with increased chances of multifetal pregnancies.

ANSWER: The chances of a spontaneous multifetal pregnancy increase with age after about 35 years.

Rates of spontaneous multifetal pregnancy also increase with increasing weight status. For

example, the rate of twin pregnancy is about two times higher in obese than in underweight

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 21Chapter 05 – Nutrition During Pregnancy – Conditions and Interventions

women.

REFERENCES: Multifetal Pregnancies

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.4 – Explain three differences in nutrient needs and cite two specific

considerations for delivery of effective nutritional care for women with multifetal pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Remember

80. How can women with HIV/AIDS during pregnancy decrease the risk of developing a foodborne infection?

ANSWER: Risk of infection originating from foods can be decreased if raw or uncooked meats and

seafood and unpasteurized milk products and honey are not consumed. Safe food-handling

practices at home can also reduce the risk of foodborne infection.

REFERENCES: HIV/AIDS During Pregnancy

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.5.5 – Identify the components of nutritional care for women with HIV

during pregnancy.

KEYWORDS: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 22