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Medical Language, 4e (Turley)
Chapter 5 Cardiology — Cardiovascular System
5.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The most commonly used site for measuring the heart rate is at the ________ pulse in the wrist.
A) axillary
B) brachial
C) radial
D) ulnar
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The axillary artery is not commonly used to take the pulse.
B) The brachial artery is not commonly used to take the pulse.
C) Correct!
D) The ulnar artery is not commonly used to take the pulse.
Page Ref: 236
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
2) Acute coronary syndrome includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) unstable angina pectoris
B) transposition of the great vessels
C) acute myocardial ischemia
D) blockage of the coronary artery
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is one of the parts of acute coronary syndrome.
B) Correct!
C) This is one of the parts of acute coronary syndrome.
D) This is one of the parts of acute coronary syndrome.
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
3) The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ________.
A) tricuspid valve
B) pulmonary valve
C) mitral valve
D) bicuspid valve
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The pulmonary valve is not between the right atrium and right ventricle.
C) The mitral valve is not between the right atrium and right ventricle.
D) The bicuspid valve is not between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy and Physiology
4) Which blood test does NOT help to make the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction?
A) CK-MB
B) LDH
C) LDL
D) troponin
Answer: C
Explanation: A) A CK-MB blood test does help make the diagnosis of an MI.
B) An LDH blood test does help make the diagnosis of an MI.
C) Correct! Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a risk factor for cardiac disease, but not a diagnostic indicator of an MI.
D) A troponin blood test does help make the diagnosis of an MI.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
5) Which surgical procedure is done to restore blood flow to the myocardium when the artery is occluded?
A) cardiopulmonary bypass
B) cardioversion
C) coronary artery bypass graft
D) electrocardiography
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Cardiopulmonary bypass is used during open heart surgery.
B) Cardioversion is used to correct an arrhythmia. It is not a surgical procedure.
C) Correct!
D) Electrocardiography is a diagnostic test, not a surgical procedure.
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
6) Which involves an inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood?
A) arteriosclerotic heart disease
B) hyperlipidemia
C) an aneurysm
D) congestive heart failure
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This does not involve the heart pumping blood.
B) This does not involve the heart pumping blood.
C) This does not involve the heart pumping blood.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
7) Which measurement is a reading from a sphygmomanometer?
A) 120/80 mm Hg
B) leads V1-V6
C) thallium-201
D) QRS complex
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! A sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure in millimeters (mm) of mercury (Hg).
B) This is from an electrocardiography test.
C) This is a drug used in a thallium stress test.
D) This is the electrical image generated by an electrocardiography test.
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
8) Tests reveal that Mrs. Roger’s mitral valve does NOT close properly, allowing a backflow of blood with each heart contraction The medical word to describe this valve problem is ________.
A) depolarization
B) decompensation
C) regurgitation
D) bruit
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Depolarization happens normally with each heartbeat.
B) Decompensation describes an inability of the heart to contract strongly.
C) Correct! Regurgitat/o– means “backward flow.”
D) A bruit is the sound blood makes going through an artery with atherosclerosis.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
9) In the pathway of the flow of blood, oxygenated blood in the pulmonary artery comes back to the heart and enters the heart at the ________.
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Oygenated blood from the lungs does not enter the right atrium.
B) Oxygenated blood from the lungs does not enter the right ventricle.
C) Correct!
D) Oxygenated blood from the lungs does not enter the left ventricle.
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy and Physiology
10) When the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery is blocked by atherosclerosis and there is ischemia of the myocardium, the patient will experience ________.
A) an elevated blood pressure
B) chest pain
C) a slow heart rate
D) shortness of breath
Answer: B
Explanation: A) A blocked coronary artery will not cause an elevated blood pressure.
B) Correct! This will cause chest pain, also known as angina pectoris.
C) A blocked coronary artery will not cause a slow heart rate.
D) A blocked coronary artery will not cause shortness of breath.
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
11) The medical procedure sclerotherapy is performed to treat ________.
A) varicose veins
B) coronary atherosclerosis
C) peripheral artery disease
D) thrombophlebitis
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Sclerotherapy is not done to treat coronary atherosclerosis.
C) Sclerotherapy is not done to treat peripheral artery disease.
D) Sclerotherapy is not done to treat thrombophlebitis.
Page Ref: 235
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
12) A defibrillator device is used to treat which of the following?
A) atrial flutter
B) hypertension
C) mitral valve prolapse
D) ventricular fibrillation
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Cardioversion, not defibrillation, would be done for this arrhythmia.
B) This is not used to treat hypertension.
C) This is not used to treat mitral valve prolapse.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
13) Pericarditis, an infection with an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, can lead to cardiac ________, as the fluid compresses the heart and stops it from beating.
A) bigeminy
B) bruit
C) diastole
D) tamponade
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This does not lead to bigeminy, which is an arrhythmia.
B) This does not lead to the abnormal sound of a bruit.
C) This does not lead to diastole, which is the normal resting phase of the heart.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
14) Which is a very serious type of heart block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles?
A) murmur
B) sick sinus syndrome
C) hyperlipidemia
D) third-degree heart block
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is a valve problem, not a type of heart block.
B) This is an arrhythmia, not a type of heart block.
C) This is not a type of heart block.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
15) Which is a complication of rheumatic heart disease?
A) cardiac arrest
B) vegetations on the valves and stenosis
C) tachycardia
D) transposition of the great vessels
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not a complication of rheumatic heart disease.
B) Correct!
C) This is not a complication of rheumatic heart disease.
D) This is a congenital heart defect, not a complication of rheumatic heart disease.
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
16) A patient with congestive heart failure could be treated with two types of drugs ________. a diuretic drug to remove edema from the tissues and a/an ________ drug to strengthen the heart’s contractions.
A) antibiotic
B) aspirin
C) digitalis
D) thrombolytic
Answer: C
Explanation: A) An antibiotic drug is used to treat a bacterial infection.
B) Aspirin cannot strengthen heart contractions.
C) Correct! Digitalis strengthens heart contractions.
D) A thrombolytic drug cannot strengthen heart contractions.
Page Ref: 242
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
17) The patient had an aneurysmectomy to remove an aneurysm and insert a graft to repair ________.
A) an artery occluded with plaque
B) an area of weakness in the wall of an artery
C) a diseased heart valve
D) a varicose vein
Answer: B
Explanation: A) An aneursymectomy does not treat an occluded artery.
B) Correct!
C) An aneurysmectomy does not treat a diseased heart valve.
D) An aneurysmectomy does not treat a varicose vein.
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
18) All of the following are signs of peripheral artery disease and decreased circulation EXCEPT ________.
A) low blood pressure
B) coolness and cyanosis of the feet and toes
C) pain in the calf while walking
D) intermittent claudication
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Peripheral artery disease does not cause low blood pressure.
B) This is a sign of peripheral artery disease.
C) This is a sign of peripheral artery disease.
D) This is a sign of peripheral artery disease.
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
19) Which section of the electrical conduction system of the heart is located just after the AV node?
A) Purkinje fibers
B) sinoatrial node
C) bundle of His
D) diastole
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The Purkinje fibers come just after the bundle branches, not after the AV node.
B) The sinoatrial node comes before the AV node.
C) Correct!
D) Diastole is not part of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
20) Which arrhythmia requires the insertion of a permanent cardiac pacemaker?
A) murmur
B) atrial septal defect
C) sick sinus syndrome
D) aneurysm
Answer: C
Explanation: A) A murmur is not an arrhythmia and is not treated with a pacemaker.
B) An atrial septal defect is not treated with a pacemaker.
C) Correct! Sick sinus syndrome is an arrhythmia that is treated with a pacemaker.
D) An aneurysm is not an arrhythmia and is not treated with a pacemaker.
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
21) Mrs. Jean Bentley came to the doctor with dilated jugular veins in the neck and edema of the legs and feet. Her diagnosis most likely is ________.
A) hypotension
B) arrhythmia
C) myocardial infarction
D) right-sided congestive heart failure
Answer: D
Explanation: A) These symptoms do not describe hypotension.
B) These symptoms do not describe an arrhythmia.
C) These symptoms do not describe a myocardial infarction.
D) Correct! Right-sided heart failure allows buildup of fluid in these areas.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
22) A patient in the emergency department has an occluded coronary artery due to a thrombus. Which type of drug can break apart this blood clot and restore circulation in the artery?
A) a drug for hyperlipidemia
B) aspirin
C) a thrombolytic drug
D) a digitalis drug
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This drug cannot break apart a blood clot.
B) Aspirin cannot break apart a blood clot once it has formed.
C) Correct! Only a thrombolytic drug can break apart a formed blood clot.
D) A digitalis drug cannot break apart a blood clot.
Page Ref: 243
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Pharmacology
23) Which of the following is one of the four heart defects seen in tetralogy of Fallot?
A) ventricular septal defect
B) vegetations on the valves
C) complete heart block
D) edema of the legs and feet
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Vegetations form with rheumatic heart disease, not tetralogy of Fallot.
C) Heart block is not one of the heart defects of tetralogy of Fallot.
D) Edema is not one of the heart defects of tetralogy of Fallot.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
24) Which test could show if the coronary arteries were narrowed or blocked?
A) cardiac catheterization
B) lipid profile
C) electrocardiography
D) electrophysiologic study
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This provides information on the levels of lipids in the blood.
C) This provides information about the electrical activity of the heart.
D) This provides information about the electrical activity of the heart.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
25) Telemetry involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) it monitors a patient’s heart rate
B) the patient wears electrodes in the coronary care unit
C) the nurse watches the patient’s heart rhythm
D) it uses radiopaque contrast dye to outline a blood vessel
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Telemetry does do this.
B) Telemetry does do this.
C) Telemetry does do this.
D) Correct! This describes angiography, not telemetry.
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
26) The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the ________.
A) lungs and heart
B) brain, blood vessels, and nervous system
C) vascular structures
D) skin
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The lungs are part of the respiratory system.
B) These are not part of the cardiovascular system.
C) Correct! The combining form vascul/o– means “blood vessel.”
D) The skin is part of the integumentary system.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
27) How many chambers are inside the heart?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are four hollow chambers inside the heart: two atria and two ventricles.
B) There are four hollow chambers inside the heart: two atria and two ventricles.
C) There are four hollow chambers inside the heart: two atria and two ventricles.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
28) The mitral valve is located between the ________.
A) left atrium and the left ventricle
B) left ventricle and the aorta
C) right atrium and the right ventricle
D) right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is the location of the aortic valve, not the mitral valve.
C) This is the location of the tricuspid valve, not the mitral valve.
D) This is the location of the pulmonary valve, not the mitral valve.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
29) Which layer of the heart is the muscular layer?
A) myocardium
B) epicardium
C) pericardium
D) endocardium
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! My/o– means “muscle,” and cardi/o– means “heart.”
B) This is not the muscular layer of the heart.
C) This is not the muscular layer of the heart.
D) This is not the muscular layer of the heart.
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
30) The largest artery in the body is the ________.
A) coronary artery
B) aorta
C) carotid artery
D) pulmonary artery
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The coronary artery is not the largest artery in the body.
B) Correct!
C) The carotid artery is not the largest artery in the body.
D) The pulmonary artery is not the largest artery in the body.
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
31) Where is the peroneal artery located?
A) hip and the upper leg
B) behind the knee
C) front aspect of the lower arm
D) toe side of the lower leg
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The femoral artery, not the peroneal, is in the upper leg.
B) The popliteal artery, not the peroneal, is behind the knee.
C) The brachial artery, not the peroneal, is in the upper arm.
D) Correct! Perone/o– means “fibula; lower leg bone.”
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
32) Which type of blood vessel carries blood from the body and lungs to the heart?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) vein
D) capillary
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
B) Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.
C) Correct! Veins carry blood back to the heart.
D) Capillaries do not carry blood back to the heart.
Page Ref: 211
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
33) The abbreviation SA node stands for “________.”
A) systolic
B) sinoatrial
C) sinus arterial
D) systemic
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not the meaning of SA.
B) Correct!
C) This is not the meaning of SA.
D) This is not the meaning of SA.
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
34) Any disease condition of the heart muscle that includes heart enlargement and heart failure is called ________.
A) angina pectoris
B) myocardial infarction
C) arrhythmia
D) cardiomyopathy
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This does not describe angina pectoris.
B) This does not describe myocardial infarction.
C) This does not describe an arrhythmia.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
35) The abbreviation MI stands for ________.
A) myocardial infarction
B) myocardial ischemia
C) myocardial inflammation
D) myocardial injury
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is not the meaning of the abbreviation MI.
C) This is not the meaning of the abbreviation MI.
D) This is not the meaning of the abbreviation MI.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
36) Inflammation and bacterial infection of the inner lining of a heart valve is called ________.
A) pericarditis
B) endocarditis
C) necrosis
D) peripheral edema
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This does not describe pericarditis, which affects the pericardium around the outside of the heart.
B) Correct!
C) This does not describe necrosis.
D) This does not describe peripheral edema, which occurs in the arms or legs.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
37) Which word means “elevated blood pressure”?
A) hypercholesterolemia
B) hypolipidemia
C) hypertension
D) hypotension
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is related to lipids, not blood pressure.
B) This is related to lipids, not blood pressure.
C) Correct! Hyper– means “above; more than normal,” and tens/o– means “pressure; tension.”
D) This is low, not elevated, blood pressure.
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
38) Which is a sudden, severe vasoconstriction and spasm of the arterioles in the fingers and toes, often triggered by cold or emotional upset?
A) Raynaud’s phenomenon
B) phlebitis
C) hypotension
D) peripheral artery disease
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This does not describe phlebitis.
C) This does not describe hypotension.
D) This does not describe peripheral artery disease.
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
39) The abbreviation CRP stands for ________.
A) “circulation regional pressure”
B) “C-reactive protein”
C) “cardiopulmonary resuscitation”
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not the meaning of CRP.
B) Correct! CRP is a blood test to measure the level of inflammation in the body.
C) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the meaning of CPR, not CRP.
D) One of the answers is correct.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
40) The combing form tele/o-, as seen in the word telemetry, means ________.
A) “distance”
B) “monitor”
C) “separate”
D) “close by”
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Telemetry monitors a patient’s heart rate and rhythm from the nurses’ station, which is a distance from the patient’s bed.
B) Tele/o– does not mean this.
C) Tele/o– does not mean this.
D) Tele/o– does not mean this.
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
41) Which nuclear medicine procedure uses a radioactive tracer to produce an image and is also known as a gated blood pool scan?
A) Doppler ultrasonography
B) EKG
C) cardioversion
D) MUGA scan
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This uses ultrasound, not a radioactive tracer, to produce an image.
B) Electrocardiography (EKG) is not a nuclear medicine procedure.
C) Cardioversion is not a nuclear medicine procedure.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
42) Which type of ultrasonography produces images of the flow of blood in the arteries?
A) Doppler
B) echocardiography
C) thallium stress test
D) radionuclide ventriculography
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This ultrasonography produces images of the beating of the heart.
C) This is not a type of ultrasonography.
D) This is not a type of ultrasonography.
Page Ref: 233
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
43) Which is NOT a vital sign?
A) temperature
B) systolic
C) respirations
D) heart rate
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is one of the vital signs.
B) Correct! Systolic is part of the vital sign blood pressure, but systolic alone is not a vital sign.
C) This is one of the vital signs.
D) This is one of the vital signs.
Page Ref: 236
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
44) The combining form transplant/o-, as in the phrase heart transplantation, means ________.
A) “create an opening between two structures”
B) “pertaining to”
C) “instrument used to measure”
D) “move something across and put in another place”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Transplant/o- does not mean this.
B) Transplant/o- does not mean this.
C) Transplant/o– does not mean this.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
45) What structure divides the heart into right and left sides?
A) mitral valve
B) chordae tendineae
C) septum
D) mediastinum
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The mitral valve does not do this.
B) The chordae tendineae do not do this.
C) Correct!
D) The mediastinum is an area that contains the heart.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
46) What are the normal, rope-like connective tissues attached to valve leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves?
A) vegetations
B) chordae tendineae
C) ventricles
D) Purkinje fibers
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Vegetations are abnormal growths on the valve.
B) Correct!
C) Ventricles are not ropelike structures.
D) Purkinje fibers are tiny nerve branches, not ropelike structures.
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
47) The first arteries that branch off of the aorta and bring oxygenated blood to the heart muscle are the ________ arteries.
A) carotid
B) pulmonary
C) subclavian
D) coronary
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The carotid arteries do not bring oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
B) The pulmonary arteries do not bring oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
C) The subclavian arteries do not bring oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
48) The smallest blood vessel in the body is a ________.
A) Purkinje fiber
B) venule
C) arteriole
D) capillary
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Purkinje fibers are not blood vessels.
B) A venule is a small vein, but it is not the smallest blood vessel.
C) An arteriole is a small artery, but it is not the smallest blood vessel.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
49) Which is the area of specialized nervous tissue in the heart that is known as the “pacemaker of the heart”?
A) Purkinje fibers
B) sinoatrial node
C) atrioventricular node
D) bundle of His
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The Purkinje fibers are not the pacemaker of the heart.
B) Correct!
C) The atrioventricular node is not the pacemaker of the heart.
D) The bundle of His is not the pacemaker of the heart.
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
50) Short period of time when the myocardium is unresponsive to electrical impulses.
A) refractory period
B) repolarization
C) asystole
D) heart block
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This does not describe repolarization.
C) This does not describe asystole.
D) This does not describe heart block.
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
51) Which is the name of the temporary connecting blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the fetal heart?
A) foramen ovale
B) mediastinum
C) ductus arteriosus
D) popliteal artery
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The foramen ovale is an opening in the septum of the fetal heart.
B) The mediastinum is not within the fetal heart.
C) Correct!
D) The popliteal artery is not within the fetal heart.
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
52) Mild-to-severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium is called ________.
A) cardiomegaly
B) a myocardial infarction
C) a bruit
D) angina pectoris
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Cardiomegaly is enlargement of the heart.
B) Myocardial infarction is not the pain itself.
C) This does not describe a bruit.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
53) What word means “pertaining to within the ventricle”?
A) cardiac
B) interventricular
C) intraventricular
D) interatrial
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Cardiac means “pertaining to the heart.”
B) Inter– means “between,” not “within.”
C) Correct! Intra– means “within.”
D) This word is about the atrium, not the ventricle.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
54) Bicuspid means ________.
A) pertaining to three valves
B) pertaining to two valves
C) resembling two projections
D) resembling two valves
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Bi– means “two,” not “three.”
B) Cusp/o- means “point; projection,” not “valve.”
C) Correct! Bi- means “two,” cusp/o– means “point; projection,” and –id means “resembling.”
D) Cusp/o– means “projection,” not “valve.”
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
55) Cardiomyopathy is a/an ________.
A) inflammation of (the) heart valve
B) disease (of the) heart muscle
C) enlargement (of the) heart
D) inflammation of (the) heart
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The suffix –pathy does not mean “inflammation.”
B) Correct!
C) The suffix –pathy does not mean “enlargement.”
D) The suffix –pathy does not mean “inflammation.”
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
56) Which membrane is next to and upon the surface of the heart?
A) mediastinum
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) chordae tendineae
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not a membrane.
B) Correct! Epi– means “above; upon.”
C) The endocardium lines the inside of the heart.
D) Chordae tendineae are not a membrane.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
57) Which structure is a double-layered membrane that secretes a slippery, watery fluid around the heart?
A) pericardium
B) mediastinum
C) endocardium
D) myocardium
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! The pericardium is a double-layered membrane around the heart.
B) The mediastinum is a central area in the thoracic cavity that holds the heart.
C) The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart.
D) The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
58) Which adjective reflects the relationship between the heart and the chest cavity?
A) thoracic
B) cardiothoracic
C) cardiac
D) mediastinal
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This only refers to the chest cavity.
B) Correct! Cardi/o– means “heart,” thorac/o– means “chest; thorax.”
C) This only refers to the heart.
D) This does not refer to the heart or the chest cavity.
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.4
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Plurals and Adjectives
59) Which word means a “central opening in a blood vessel through which blood flows”?
A) vasculature
B) lumen
C) intima
D) Purkinje fiber
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The vasculature is a network of blood vessels for a particular organ.
B) Correct!
C) The intima is the inner lining of a blood vessel, not the opening.
D) This is part of the conduction system, not a blood vessel.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
60) Vasoconstriction causes the pressure in the artery to ________.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain the same
D) fluctuate
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) It does not cause the blood pressure to decrease.
C) It does affect the blood pressure.
D) It does not cause the blood pressure to fluctuate.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
61) The femoral artery brings oxygenated blood to the ________.
A) lower arm
B) head and neck
C) trunk of the body
D) upper leg
Answer: D
Explanation: A) It does not bring blood to the upper arm.
B) It does not bring blood to the head and neck.
C) It does not bring blood to the trunk of the body.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
62) Which artery is at the back of the knee?
A) iliac
B) renal
C) brachial
D) popliteal
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The iliac artery is in the groin area.
B) The renal artery goes to the kidney, not the knee.
C) The brachial artery is in the arm, not the knee.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
63) All of the following structures are part of the electrical system of the heart EXCEPT ________.
A) SA node
B) bundle of His
C) HDL
D) AV node
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is part of the heart’s electrical system.
B) This is part of the heart’s electrical system.
C) Correct! High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are lipoprotein carriers for cholesterol in the blood.
D) This is part of the heart’s electrical system.
Page Ref: 206—207
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Anatomy
64) The procedure to remove plaque from an occluded carotid artery is known as a carotid ________.
A) endarterectomy
B) bypass graft
C) aneurysmectomy
D) transplantation
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Bypass graft is done to the coronary artery.
C) This treats an aneurysm, not plaque.
D) This does not remove plaque.
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
65) Angina pectoris is to myocardial infarction as ________.
A) plaque is to an EKG
B) bradycardia is to cholesterol
C) varicose veins are to CABG
D) ischemia is to cell death
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Plaque has no relationship to an EKG.
B) Bradycardia has no relationship to cholesterol.
C) Varicose veins have no relationship to CABG.
D) Correct! Angina pectoris is a condition that precedes a myocardial infarction. Ischemia is a condition that precedes cell death.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
66) Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart is known as ________.
A) valvulitis
B) pericarditis
C) mitral stenosis
D) phlebitis
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is inflammation of a valve, not a membrane.
B) Correct! Peri- means “around,” and –itis means “inflammation of.”
C) This does not involve inflammation.
D) This is inflammation of a vein, not a membrane.
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
67) The P wave and QRS complex are related to ________.
A) the circulation of the blood
B) the diastolic pressure
C) an electrocardiogram
D) an aneurysm
Answer: C
Explanation: A) These are not related to the circulation of the blood.
B) These are not related to the diastolic pressure.
C) Correct! An electrocardiogram is a record of the electrical activity of the heart, which includes P waves and QRS complexes.
D) These are not related to an aneurysm.
Page Ref: 231
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
68) The cause of essential hypertension is ________.
A) unknown
B) mitral stenosis
C) congestive heart failure
D) palpitation
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Mitral stenosis does not cause hypertension.
C) Congestive heart failure does not cause hypertension.
D) Palpitation does not cause hypertension.
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
69) An aneurysm is ________.
A) an embolus circulating in the vasculature
B) area of dilation and weakness of the artery wall
C) an abnormally slow heart rate
D) the medical name for “bad cholesterol”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) An aneurysm is not an embolus.
B) Correct!
C) An aneurysm is not related to the heart rate.
D) An aneurysm is not known as “bad cholesterol.”
Page Ref: 224
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
70) All of the following are signs of congestive heart failure involving the right side of the heart EXCEPT ________.
A) dilated jugular veins in the neck
B) varicose veins
C) enlargement of the liver
D) edema in the legs and feet
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is a sign of right-sided congestive heart failure.
B) Correct!
C) This is a sign of right-sided congestive heart failure.
D) This is a sign of right-sided congestive heart failure.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
71) Auscultation of the heart is done at the PMI. Where is this located?
A) apex of the heart
B) myocardium
C) sinoatrial node
D) great vessels
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! The apex of the heart is where the point of maximum impulse (PMI) is and where the heart sounds are heard most distinctly.
B) This is not the location of the point of maximum impulse (PMI).
C) This is not the location of the point of maximum impulse (PMI).
D) This is not the location of the point of maximum impulse (PMI).
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
72) The purpose of the coronary arteries is to bring oxygenated blood to the ________.
A) aorta
B) myocardium
C) lungs
D) mediastinum
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The coronary arteries take blood from, not to, the aorta.
B) Correct!
C) The coronary arteries do not connect to the lungs.
D) The coronary arteries do not connect to the mediastinum.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
73) Which artery brings oxygenated blood to the neck face, head, and brain?
A) jugular
B) coronary
C) carotid
D) pulmonary
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The jugular is a vein, not an artery.
B) The coronary artery brings blood to the heart.
C) Correct!
D) The pulmonary artery brings blood to the lungs.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
74) All of the following arteries carry oxygenated blood to some part of the arm EXCEPT the ________ artery.
A) peroneal
B) axillary
C) radial
D) brachial
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! The peroneal artery carries blood to the little toe side of the lower leg.
B) The axillary artery carries blood to the armpit (axilla).
C) The radial artery carries blood to the thumb side of the lower arm.
D) The brachial artery carries blood to the upper arm.
Page Ref: 202—203
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
75) In the pelvic cavity, the abdominal aorta divides into the two ________.
A) carotid arteries
B) peroneal arteries
C) brachial arteries
D) iliac arteries
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The carotid arteries are not in the pelvic cavity.
B) The peroneal arteries are not in the pelvic cavity.
C) The brachial arteries are not in the pelvic cavity.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
76) Systemic circulation refers to the flow of blood in the ________.
A) body
B) heart
C) lungs
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Systemic does not refer to just the heart.
C) The pulmonary circulation goes to the lungs.
D) Only one answer is correct.
Page Ref: 205
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
77) The medical language definition of the word cardiomegaly is ________.
A) “heart attack”
B) “enlargement (of the) heart”
C) “irregular beat (of the) heart”
D) “heart failure”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Cardiomegaly does not mean “heart attack.”
B) Correct! The suffix –megaly means “enlargement.”
C) Cardiomegaly does not mean “irregular heartbeat.”
D) Cardiomegaly does not mean “heart failure.”
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
78) Plaque on the arterial walls is characteristic of ________.
A) varicose veins
B) atherosclerosis
C) hypertension
D) congestive heart failure
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Varicose veins do not have plaque.
B) Correct!
C) Hypertension is high blood pressure, not plaque.
D) Plaque is not characteristic of congestive heart failure.
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
79) Which of the following abbreviations is commonly called “good cholesterol”?
A) HDL
B) CHF
C) LDL
D) ASCVD
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! High-density lipoproteins (HDL) carry cholesterol to the liver.
B) Congestive heart failure (CHF) is not related to “good cholesterol.”
C) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is called “bad cholesterol.”
D) Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is not called “good cholesterol.”
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
80) Using high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart is known as ________.
A) electrocardiography
B) auscultation
C) Holter monitoring
D) echocardiography
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Electrocardiography uses electricity, not sound waves.
B) Auscultation does not create an image of the heart.
C) A Holter monitor does not create an image of the heart.
D) Correct! Ech/o– means “echo of a sound wave.”
Page Ref: 233
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
81) The combining form ven/o- has the same meaning as the combining form ________.
A) phleb/o-
B) cardi/o-
C) arteri/o-
D) valvul/o–
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Ven/o– and phleb/o– both mean “vein.”
B) Cardi/o– means “heart,” not “vein.”
C) Arteri/o– means “artery,” not “vein.”
D) Valvul/o– means “valve,” not “vein.”
Page Ref: 201
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
82) In the word arteriosclerosis, the combining form scler/o- means “________; sclera of the eye.”
A) heart chamber
B) narrowness
C) hard
D) artery
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Scler/o– does not mean “heart chamber.”
B) Scler/o– does not mean “narrowness.”
C) Correct!
D) Scler/o– does not mean “artery.”
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
83) All of the following combining forms mean “blood vessel” EXCEPT ________.
A) vas/o-
B) angi/o-
C) vascul/o-
D) ather/o-
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This does mean “blood vessel.”
B) This does mean “blood vessel.”
C) This does mean “blood vessel.”
D) Correct! Ather/o– means “soft, fatty substance.”
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
84) Which word is MISSPELLED?
A) hypertriglyceridemia
B) arhythmia
C) aneurysmectomy
D) sphygmomanometer
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This word is spelled correctly.
B) Correct! The correct spelling is arrhythmia.
C) This word is spelled correctly.
D) This word is spelled correctly.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
85) All of the following abbreviations refer to diseases of the blood vessels EXCEPT ________.
A) PVD
B) CAD
C) HTN
D) ECG
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) affects the blood vessels.
B) Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects the blood vessels.
C) Hypertension (HTN) affects the blood vessels.
D) Correct! ECG means “electrocardiography.”
Page Ref: 230
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Abbreviations
86) The abbreviation for which surgery is pronounced as “cabbage”?
A) coronary artery bypass graft
B) heart transplantation
C) cardiac exercise stress test
D) anastomosis
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is pronounced as “cabbage.”
B) There is no abbreviation for heart transplantation.
C) There is no abbreviation for cardiac exercise stress test.
D) There is no abbreviation for anastomosis.
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
87) The combining form cardi/o– means ________.
A) “blood”
B) “chest”
C) “heart”
D) “blood vessel”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Cardi/o– does not mean “blood.”
B) Steth/o– and thorac/o– mean “chest.”
C) Correct!
D) Angi/o-, vascul/o-, and vas/o- means “blood vessel.”
Page Ref: 195
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
88) The combining form diastol/o– means ________.
A) “resting”
B) “contracting”
C) “dilating”
D) “distance”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Diastol/o– does not mean “resting.”
B) Diastol/o– does not mean “contracting.”
C) Correct!
D) Tele/o– means “distance.”
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
89) The combining form sin/o- means “________.”
A) channel; hollow cavity
B) disease
C) abnormal; difficult; painful
D) sign; symptom
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The combining form sin/o– does not mean this.
C) The prefix dys– means “abnormal; difficult; painful.”
D) There are no medical word parts that mean “sign; symptom.”
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
90) The combining form ventricul/o– means “________; ventricle.”
A) conduction system
B) fluid-filled sac
C) chamber that is open at the top
D) chamber that is filled
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are no medical word parts that mean conduction system.
B) Ventricul/o– does not mean this.
C) This is the meaning of atri/o-.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
91) The combining form isch/o-, as seen in the word ischemia, means ________.
A) “hard”
B) “contracting”
C) “block; keep back”
D) “soft, fatty substance”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Scler/o– means “hard.”
B) Systol/o– means “contracting.”
C) Correct!
D) Ather/o– means “soft, fatty substance.”
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
92) The combining form infarct/o-, as seen in the phrase myocardial infarction, means ________.
A) “small area of dead tissue”
B) “structure that encircles like a crown”
C) “heart disease”
D) “heart attack ”
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Coron/o– means “structure that encircles like a crown.”
C) There are no word parts that mean heart disease.
D) There are no word parts that mean heart attack.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
93) The combining form arteri/o– means ________.
A) “aorta”
B) “arteriole”
C) “blood vessel”
D) “artery”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Aort/o– means “aorta.”
B) Arteriol/o– means “arteriole.”
C) Angi/o-, vas/o-, and vascul/o– mean “blood vessel.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
94) The combining form ather/o-, as seen in atherosclerosis, means ________.
A) “cholesterol”
B) “hard”
C) “blood vessel”
D) “soft, fatty substance”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Cholesterol/o– means “cholesterol.”
B) Scler/o– means “hard.”
C) Angi/o-, vas/o-, and vascul/o– mean “blood vessel.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
95) The combining form tens/o-, as seen in hypertension, means “________; tension.”
A) constriction
B) pressure
C) pulse
D) blood pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Sten/o– means “constriction; narrowness.”
B) Correct!
C) Sphygm/o– means “pulse.”
D) There are no medical word parts that mean blood pressure.
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
96) The combining form claudicat/o-, as seen in intermittent claudication, means ________.
A) “narrowed lumen”
B) “congested”
C) “outer aspects”
D) “limping pain”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are no medical word parts that mean “narrowed lumen.”
B) There are no medical word parts that mean “congested.”
C) Peripher/o– means “outer aspects.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
97) The combining form peripher/o– means ________.
A) “heart and great vessels”
B) “outer aspects”
C) “structure that encircles like a crown”
D) “vein”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) There are no medical word parts that mean “heart and great vessels.”
B) Correct!
C) Coron/o– means this.
D) Phleb/o– and ven/o– mean “vein.”
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
98) In the medical word stethoscope, the combining form means ________.
A) “chest”
B) “instrument used to examine”
C) “listening”
D) “echo of a sound wave”
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The suffix –scope means “instrument used to examine.”
C) Auscult/o– means “listening.”
D) Son/o– means “echo of a sound wave.”
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
99) In the medical phrase ventricular fibrillation, the combining form fibrill/o– means ________.
A) “electricity”
B) “spasm”
C) “arrhythmia”
D) “muscle fiber; nerve fiber”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Electr/o– means “electricity.”
B) There are no medical word parts that mean “spasm.”
C) Fibrill/o– does not mean “arrhythmia.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
100) The combining form angi/o– means ________.
A) “artery; arteriole”
B) “aneurysm”
C) “blood vessel; lymphatic vessel”
D) “murmur”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Arter/o– and arteri/o– mean “artery.”
B) Aneurysm/o– means “aneurysm.”
C) Correct!
D) There are no word parts that mean “murmur.”
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
101) The combining form atri/o– means “atrium ________. ________.”
A) artery
B) heart chamber
C) entrance to the heart
D) chamber that is open at the top
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Arter/o– and arteri/o- mean “artery.”
B) There are no medical word parts that mean “heart chamber.”
C) There are no medical words that mean “entrance to the heart.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
102) The combining form card/i– ________.
A) means the same thing as cardi/o–
B) refers to only the right side of the heart
C) is only be used when referring to diseases of the heart
D) is a misspelling of cardi/o–
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Cardi/o– and card/i– both mean “heart.”
B) This statement is not true.
C) This statement is not true.
D) This statement is not true.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Parts
103) The combining form circulat/o-, as seen in circulation, means ________.
A) “circle”
B) “movement in a circular route”
C) “going around”
D) “structure that encircles like a crown”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Circulat/o– does not mean “circle.”
B) Correct!
C) There are no medical word parts that mean “going around.”
D) Coron/o- means “structure that encircles like a crown.”
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
104) The combining form coron/o-, as seen in coronary artery, means ________.
A) “artery to the heart”
B) “heart”
C) “movement in a circular route”
D) “structure that encircles like a crown”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There is no medical word part that means “artery to the heart.”
B) Cardi/o– mean “heart.”
C) Circulat/o– means “movement in a circular route.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
105) The combining form cusp/o– means ________.
A) “gate; opening”
B) “heart valve”
C) “intima”
D) “point; projection”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There is no medical word part that means “gate; opening.”
B) Valv/o– and valvul/o– mean “valve.”
C) There is no medical word part that means “intima.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
106) The combining form my/o– means ________.
A) “disease”
B) “heart”
C) “heart muscle”
D) “muscle”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The suffix –pathy means “disease.”
B) Cardi/o– mean “heart.”
C) There is no medical word part that means “heart muscle.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
107) The combining form rrhythm/o– means ________.
A) “electricity”
B) “regular in occurrence”
C) “rhythm”
D) “heartbeat”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Electr/o– means “electricity.”
B) There is no medical word part that means “regular in occurrence.”
C) Correct!
D) There is no medical word part that means “heartbeat.”
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
108) The combining form sphygm/o-, as seen in sphygmomanometer, means ________.
A) “blood vessel”
B) “instrument used to measure”
C) “pressure”
D) “pulse”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Angi/o-, vas/o– and vascul/o– mean “blood vessel.”
B) The suffix –metry means “instrument used to measure.”
C) Tens/o- means “pressure.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
109) The combining form systol/o– means ________.
A) “contracting”
B) “dilating”
C) “thinning”
D) “widening”
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Diastol/o– means “dilating.”
C) There are no medical word parts that mean “thinning.”
D) Dilat/o– means “dilate; widen.”
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
110) Which of the following is NOT categorized as a blood vessel?
A) artery
B) capillary
C) endothelium
D) vein
Answer: C
Explanation: A) An artery is a blood vessel.
B) A capillary is the smallest blood vessel.
C) Correct! Endothelium is the lining inside a blood vessel.
D) A vein is a blood vessel.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
111) The heart is a/an ________ organ that contracts at least once every second to pump blood through the body.
A) endocrine
B) lymphatic
C) muscular
D) pulmonary
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The heart is not an endocrine organ.
B) The heart is not a lymphatic organ.
C) Correct!
D) The heart is not a pulmonary organ.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
112) The heart has an extensive ________ system that initiates and coordinates contractions.
A) electrical
B) filtration
C) muscular
D) vascular
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The heart does not filter anything.
C) The heart muscle does not initiate and coordinate contractions.
D) The blood vessels do not initiate and coordinate contractions.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
113) The heart contains four chambers; the upper two are called the ________.
A) apex
B) ventricles
C) septum
D) atria
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The apex is the tip of the heart. It is not a chamber.
B) The ventricles are the lower, not the upper, chambers.
C) The septum separates the left and right heart. It is not a chamber.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
114) Which of the following is NOT one of the four valves in the heart?
A) coronary
B) mitral
C) pulmonary
D) tricuspid
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! There is no coronary valve.
B) The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle.
C) The pulmonary valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
D) The tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
115) The ________ valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
A) aortic
B) mitral
C) pulmonary
D) tricuspid
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle.
C) The pulmonary valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
D) The tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
116) The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the ________, an irregularly shaped, central area between the lungs.
A) bundle of His
B) diaphragm
C) pulmonary trunk
D) mediastinum
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The bundle of His is in the conduction system within the heart.
B) The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity.
C) The pulmonary trunk is not an area between the lungs.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
117) Blood vessels have a small, central opening or ________ through which the blood flows.
A) capillary
B) endothelium
C) lumen
D) valve
Answer: C
Explanation: A) A capillary is the blood vessel, not the central opening.
B) The endothelium lines the wall of a blood vessel.
C) Correct!
D) Valves are in blood vessels but are not the small, central opening.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
118) Of the following, which is the largest blood vessel.
A) artery
B) capillary
C) venule
D) valve
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) A capillary is the smallest blood vessel.
C) A venule is a small vein.
D) A valve is not a type of blood vessel.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
119) The smaller branches of an artery are called ________.
A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) intima
D) venules
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Capillaries are not the smaller branches of an artery.
C) Intima is the lining of a blood vessel.
D) Venules are small veins.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
120) Most women experience angina pectoris as ________.
A) indigestion or nausea
B) anxiety
C) fatigue and trouble sleeping
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
121) The ________ artery brings oxygenated blood to the shoulder and goes underneath the clavicle.
A) axillary
B) brachial
C) carotid
D) subclavian
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The axillary artery brings blood to the axilla (armpit).
B) The brachial artery brings blood to the upper arm.
C) The carotid artery brings blood to the head.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
122) The ________ artery divides into the brachial artery, and then further branches into the radial artery and ulnar artery that bring oxygenated blood to the upper and lower arm.
A) axillary
B) carotid
C) popliteal
D) subclavian
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The carotid artery brings blood to the head.
C) The popliteal artery brings blood to the back of the knee.
D) The subclavian artery comes off the aorta before the axillary artery.
Page Ref: 203
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
123) After the thoracic aorta goes through the diaphragm, it becomes the ________ aorta.
A) abdominal
B) iliac
C) pelvic
D) renal
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) There is no iliac aorta, only iliac arteries that begin where the aorta ends.
C) There is no pelvic aorta.
D) There is no renal aorta, only renal arteries that branch off the aorta.
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
124) A sudden, temporary, but self-correcting decrease in the systolic blood pressure that occurs when the patient goes from a lying to a standing position is called ________.
A) prehypertension
B) intermittent claudication
C) orthostatic hypotension
D) Raynaud’s disease
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This does not describe prehypertension.
B) This does not describe intermittent claudication.
C) Correct!
D) This does not describe Raynaud’s disease.
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
125) The ________ artery brings oxygenated blood to the upper leg.
A) femoral
B) pelvic
C) popliteal
D) renal
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) There is no pelvic artery.
C) The popliteal artery brings blood to the back of the knee.
D) The renal artery brings blood to the kidneys.
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
126) All of the following occur in the legs EXCEPT ________.
A) varicose veins
B) intermittent claudication
C) jugular venous distention
D) phlebitis
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This does occur in the legs.
B) This does occur in the legs.
C) Correct! This only occurs in the neck in patients with congestive heart failure.
D) This does occur in the legs.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
127) The two major veins of the body are the superior and inferior ________.
A) aorta
B) chordae tendineae
C) chambers
D) venae cavae
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The aorta is an artery, not a vein.
B) The chordae tendineae are not veins.
C) The heart chambers are not veins.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
128) The ________ node of the heart initiates the electrical impulse that begins each heartbeat.
A) atrioventricular
B) myocardial
C) bundle of His
D) sinoatrial
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The atrioventricular node does not initiate this electrical impulse.
B) There is no myocardial node.
C) The bundle of His does not initiate this electrical impulse.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
129) After the AV node, an electrical impulse travels through the ________.
A) chordae tendineae
B) bundle of His
C) Purkinje fibers
D) sinoatrial node
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The chordae tendineae do not conduct electrical impulses.
B) Correct!
C) The Purkinje fibers are not after the AV node.
D) The sinoatrial node is before the AV node.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
130) The pulmonary circulation contains the arteries, capillaries, and veins that go in and out of the ________.
A) blood vessels
B) chest
C) heart
D) lungs
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The pulmonary circulation does not go in and out of the blood vessels.
B) The pulmonary circulation does not go in and out of the chest.
C) The pulmonary circulation does not go in and out of the heart.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 205
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
131) The combining form ________ means “structure like a tall hat with two points.”
A) coron/o-
B) tri-
C) cusp/o-
D) mitr/o-
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Coron/o– means “structure that encircles like a crown.”
B) Tri- is a prefix, not a combining form.
C) Cusp/o– means “point; projection.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Parts
132) The outer wall of the pericardial sac is the ________ pericardium.
A) endocardium
B) myocardium
C) parietal
D) visceral
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is not part of the pericardium.
B) This is not part of the pericardium.
C) Correct! Pariet/o- means “wall of a cavity.”
D) The visceral pericardium is next to the surface of the heart.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
133) The brachial artery supplies blood to the ________.
A) upper arm
B) fingers
C) upper leg
D) toes
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The radial and ulnar arteries supply blood to the fingers.
C) The femoral artery supplies blood to the upper leg.
D) The tibial and peroneal arteries supply blood to the toes.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
134) The combining form carot/o-, as seen in carotid artery, means ________.
A) “coronary”
B) “head; neck”
C) “heart”
D) “sleep; stupor”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) There is no combining form that means “coronary.”
B) The carotid artery is in the neck, but carot/o– does not mean “head; neck.”
C) Cardi/o– means “heart.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
135) By the definition of the combining form, we can tell that endothelium is a ________.
A) blood vessel
B) cellular layer
C) structure within
D) heart valve
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Theli/o- does not mean “blood vessel.”
B) Correct!
C) Theli/o– does not mean “structure within.”
D) Theli/o– does not mean “heart valve.”
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
136) A pacemaker would be implanted in the chest to treat a patient with ________.
A) an arrhythmia
B) a bruit
C) angina
D) a thrombus
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) A pacemaker is not used to treat a bruit.
C) A pacemaker is not used to treat angina.
D) A pacemaker is not used to treat a blood clot.
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
137) A myocardial infarction is ________.
A) a small area of dead tissue
B) an overactive heart muscle
C) blocked oxygen flow
D) diseased heart muscle
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Infarct/o– means “small area of dead tissue.”
B) It is not an overactive heart muscle.
C) This describes ischemia, not a myocardial infarction.
D) It is not a diseased heart muscle.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
138) Endocarditis is inflammation and ________ infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve.
A) necrosis
B) bacterial
C) muscular
D) neonatal
Answer: B
Explanation: A) There is no necrosis inflammation.
B) Correct!
C) The endocardium is affected, not the heart muscle.
D) This does not occur in a fetus or neonate.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
139) In a patient who has pericarditis, the inflammation occurs of the sac ________ the heart.
A) around
B) inside
C) outside
D) within
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Peri– does not mean “inside.”
C) Peri– does not mean “outside.”
D) Peri– does not mean “within.”
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
140) During a cardiac catheterization, the doctor notes that one of the coronary arteries has stenosis, or a “condition (of) ________.”
A) hardness
B) constriction; narrowness
C) thrombus
D) widening
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Scler/o-, not sten/o-, means “hard.”
B) Correct!
C) Sten/o– does not mean “thrombus.”
D) Sten/o– does not mean “widening.”
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
141) In mitral regurgitation, the blood flows ________.
A) away from the heart
B) backward through the valve
C) sideways within the heart
D) toward the valve
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This does not describe regurgitation.
B) Correct! Regurgitat/o- means “backward flow.”
C) This does not describe regurgitation.
D) This does not describe regurgitation.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
142) ________ is an arrhythmia in which there is a very fast but regular rhythm (250 beats per minute) of the atria or ventricles.
A) Asystole
B) Fibrillation
C) Flutter
D) Murmur
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Asystole, the complete absence of a heartbeat, is not an arrhythmia.
B) Fibrillation is an arrhythmia, but it has an uncoordinated quivering, not have a regular rhythm.
C) Correct!
D) A murmur is an abnormal heart sound, not an arrhythmia.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
143) If an EKG tracing shows bigeminy, there was a repeating pattern of ________.
A) fast, uncoordinated quivering
B) an absence of the heartbeat
C) one premature contraction then one normal contraction
D) two premature contractions that occur together
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This describes ventricular fibrillation, not bigeminy.
B) This describes asystole, not bigeminy.
C) Correct!
D) This describes a couplet.
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
144) A supraventricular beat means that an electrical impulse originated from an ectopic site that was ________ the ventricles.
A) above
B) below
C) inside
D) outside
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Supra– means “above.”
B) Supra– does not mean “below.”
C) Supra– does not mean “inside.”
D) Supra– does not mean “outside.”
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
145) A patient diagnosed with arteriosclerosis has an abnormal condition in which the ________.
A) artery walls become hard
B) blood vessels become soft
C) capillaries dilate
D) veins enlarge
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Scler/o– means “hard.”
B) This does not describe arteriosclerosis.
C) This does not describe arteriosclerosis.
D) This does not describe arteriosclerosis.
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
146) An atheroma is a ________.
A) tumor (that is) cancer
B) tumor that is hard
C) mass (that is a) soft, fatty substance
D) mass (of) small area of dead tissue
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The suffix –oma means “mass; tumor,” but not “cancer.”
B) Ather/o– does not mean “hard.”
C) Correct!
D) Ather/o– does not mean “small area of dead tissue.”
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
147) A/An ________ is a harsh, rushing sound made by blood passing through an artery narrowed and roughened by atherosclerosis.
A) aneurysm
B) bruit
C) murmur
D) plaque
Answer: B
Explanation: A) An aneurysm is not a sound.
B) Correct!
C) A murmur is a sound, but it is not created by atherosclerosis.
D) Plaque is not a sound.
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
148) A patient with hypertension has a “condition (of) more than normal ________.”
A) blood
B) cholesterol
C) heartbeats
D) pressure
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Hypertension is not more than normal blood.
B) Hypertension is not more than normal cholesterol.
C) Hypertension is not more than normal heartbeats.
D) Correct! Tens/o– means “pressure; tension.”
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
149) A patient with phlebitis has ________.
A) a thrombus
B) varicose veins
C) high blood pressure
D) inflammation of a vein
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Phleb/o– does not mean thrombus (blood clot).
B) This does not describe phlebitis.
C) This describes hypertension, not phlebitis.
D) Correct! Phleb/o– means “vein.”
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
150) The medical language definition of the word electrocardiography is ________.
A) “a picture or record (of the) electricity (of the) heart”
B) “an instrument used to examine (the) electricity (of the) heart”
C) “a person who does (an) electrical (tracing of the) heart”
D) “the process of recording (the) electricity (of the) heart”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The suffix –graphy does not mean “picture; record.”
B) The suffix –graphy does not mean “instrument used to examine.”
C) The suffix –graphy does not mean “person who does.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 230
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
151) The combining form tele/o-, as found in the word telemetry, means ________.
A) “measure”
B) “distance”
C) “monitor”
D) “recording”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Tele/o- does not mean “measure.”
B) Correct!
C) There are no medical word parts that mean “monitor.”
D) Tele/o– does not mean “recording.”
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
152) An angiogram is a/an ________.
A) “instrument used to examine (an) artery”
B) “process of measuring (a) blood vessel”
C) “picture (of a) blood vessel”
D) “process of recording (an) artery”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The suffix –gram does not mean “instrument used to examine.”
B) The suffix –gram does not mean “process of measuring.”
C) Correct!
D) The suffix –gram does not mean “process of recording.”
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
153) In the medical procedure cardioversion, the combining form vers/o– means ________.
A) “measure”
B) “direct; place”
C) “halt; stop”
D) “travel; turn”
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Vers/o– does not mean “measure.”
B) There are no word parts that mean “direct.”
C) There are no word parts that mean “halt.”
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 235
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
154) The medical language definition of the word ________ is “instrument used to measure (the pressure of the) pulse (by using a) thin (inflatable cuff).”
A) arteriosclerosis
B) electrophysiology
C) sphygmomanometer
D) stethoscope
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Arteriosclerosis is not an instrument.
B) Electrophysiology uses electricity, not a thin, inflatable cuff.
C) Correct!
D) Stethoscope is an instrument, but it does not have a thin, inflatable cuff.
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
155) Because of the meaning of the suffix, a patient scheduled for an aneurysmectomy is going to have a ________.
A) “procedure to puncture (the) aneurysm”
B) “process of measuring (the) aneurysm”
C) “surgical removal(of an) aneurysm”
D) “surgically created opening (in an aneurysm)”
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The suffix –ectomy does not mean “procedure to puncture.”
B) The suffix –ectomy does not mean “process of measuring.”
C) Correct!
D) The suffix –ectomy does not mean “surgically created opening.”
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
156) To correct a cardiac tamponade and withdraw accumulated fluid, a pericardiocentesis will be performed. This is a/an ________.
A) “instrument used to cut (the) heart muscle”
B) “procedure to puncture (the membrane) around (the) heart”
C) “process of reshaping by surgery around (the) heart”
D) “surgical removal (of the membrane) around heart”
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The suffix –centesis does not mean “instrument used to cut.”
B) Correct!
C) The suffix –centesis does not mean “process of reshaping by surgery.”
D) The suffix –centesis does not mean “surgical removal.”
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
157) From the meaning of the suffix, we can tell that a valvulotome would be an instrument used to ________ a valve.
A) cut
B) puncture
C) reshape by surgery
D) remove
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! The suffix –tome means “instrument used to cut.”
B) The suffix –tome does not mean “puncture.”
C) The suffix –tome does not mean “reshape by surgery.”
D) The suffix –tome does not mean “remove.”
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Parts
158) A paramedic notifies the hospital that the ambulance is bringing in a patient with a suspected MI. This means the patient may have had a heart ________.
A) infection
B) arrhythmia
C) attack
D) murmur
Answer: C
Explanation: A) MI stands for “myocardial infarction,” not “infection.”
B) MI stands for “myocardial infarction,” not “arrhythmia.”
C) Correct!
D) MI stands for “myocardial infarction,” not “murmur.”
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
159) After looking at a patient’s heart monitor, the healthcare professional notes that the patient is in NSR, which refers to ________.
A) dilation of the blood vessels
B) function of the valves
C) a blockage of the arteries
D) the rhythm of the heart
Answer: D
Explanation: A) NSR (normal sinus rhythm) is not related to the blood vessels.
B) NSR (normal sinus rhythm) is not related to the valves.
C) NSR (normal sinus rhythm) is not related to the arteries.
D) Correct! NSR stands for “normal sinus rhythm.”
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Abbreviations
160) Robert Jay is scheduled to have a TEE. The healthcare professional will tell the patient that the catheter will be inserted into his ________.
A) aorta
B) esophagus
C) heart
D) thoracic cavity
Answer: B
Explanation: A) TEE stands for “transesophageal echocardiography.”
B) Correct! TEE stands for “transesophageal echocardiography.”
C) TEE stands for “transesophageal echocardiography.”
D) TEE stands for “transesophageal echocardiography.”
Page Ref: 233
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Abbreviations
161) A patient in V fib ________.
A) is having a heart attack
B) has a murmur and a valve defect
C) has a life-threatening arrhythmia
D) has a bulging aneurysm of a vein
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Ventricular fibrillation (V fib) is not related to a heart attack.
B) Ventricular fibrillation (V fib) is not related to a valve defect.
C) Correct! V fib stands for “ventricular fibrillation.”
D) Ventricular fibrillation (V fib) is not related to an aneurysm.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
162) To prevent a blood clot from forming, a physician would prescribe ________.
A) an antihypertensive drug
B) an anticoagulant drug
C) a digitalis drug
D) a thrombolytic drug
Answer: B
Explanation: A) An antihypertensive drug is used to treat hypertension, not a blood clot.
B) Correct!
C) A digitalis drug is used to treat congestive heart failure, not a blood clot.
D) A thrombolytic drug is used to break up a clot only after it has formed.
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
163) A digitalis drug such as digoxin strengthens the heart’s contractions and is prescribed to treat ________.
A) congestive heart failure
B) a cardiac arrest
C) a high cholesterol level
D) a blood clot
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) A digitalis drug is not used to treat cardiac arrest.
C) A digitalis drug is not used to treat a high cholesterol level.
D) A digitalis drug is not used to treat a blood clot.
Page Ref: 242
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
164) The abbreviation for blood pressure is ________.
A) mm Hg
B) BP
C) HTN
D) BPM
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is the measurement unit, not the abbreviation for blood pressure.
B) Correct!
C) This is the abbreviation for hypertension.
D) This is the abbreviation for beats per minute.
Page Ref: 236
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
165) All of the following are cardiovascular surgeries EXCEPT ________.
A) PTCA
B) CABG
C) RFA
D) CPR
Answer: D
Explanation: A) PTCA stands for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, a surgery.
B) CABG stands for coronary artery bypass graft, a surgery.
C) RFA stands for radiofrequency ablation, a surgery.
D) Correct! Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a medical procedure.
Page Ref: 244
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Abbreviations
166) All of the following would be part of a lipid profile blood test EXCEPT ________.
A) VLDL
B) CK-MB
C) HDL
D) LDL
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) is part of a lipid profile.
B) Correct! This is an enzyme that is in the heart muscle.
C) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) is part of a lipid profile.
D) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is part of a lipid profile.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
167) Which syllable is the primary accented syllable in the pronunciation of the medical word angioplasty (an-jee-oh-plas-tee)?
A) an
B) jee
C) plas
D) tee
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is not the primary accented syllable.
C) This is not the primary accented syllable.
D) This is not the primary accented syllable.
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
168) Which syllable is the primary accented syllable in the pronunciation of the medical word cardiomegaly (kar-dee-oh-meg-ah-lee)?
A) kar
B) dee
C) meg
D) lee
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is not the primary accented syllable.
B) This is not the primary accented syllable.
C) Correct!
D) This is not the primary accented syllable.
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
169) Which of the following words is MISSPELLED?
A) aneurysm
B) atrioventricular
C) peroneal artery
D) rhuematic heart disease
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is spelled correctly.
B) This is spelled correctly.
C) This is spelled correctly.
D) Correct! It should be rheumatic.
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
170) Which of the following words is MISSPELLED?
A) arhythmia
B) asystole
C) arteriosclerosis
D) phlebitis
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! It should be arrhythmia.
B) This is spelled correctly.
C) This is spelled correctly.
D) This is spelled correctly.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
171) Which word parts do you need to build a medical word that means “inflammation of a vein”?
A) –ous, ven/o–
B) –ose, varic/o-
C) –itis, phleb/o-
D) –oma, ather/o–
Answer: C
Explanation: A) These word parts build the medical word venous.
B) These word parts build the medical word varicose.
C) Correct! These word parts build the medical word phlebitis.
D) These word parts build the medical word atheroma.
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
172) The flow of blood through the heart is controlled by ________.
A) valves
B) the SA node
C) the bundle of His
D) the ventricles
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The SA node does not control blood flow.
C) The bundle of His does not control blood flow.
D) The ventricles do not control blood flow.
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
173) Concerning the abbreviations ECG and EKG, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Both abbreviations ECG and EKG stand for echocardiogram.
B) Both abbreviations ECG and EKG stand for electrocardiography.
C) The abbreviation ECG stands for echocardiogram and the abbreviation EKG stands for electrocardiography.
D) The abbreviation ECG stands for electrocardiography and the abbreviation EKG stands for echocardiogram.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) ECG and EKG both stand for electrocardiography.
B) Correct!
C) ECG and EKG both stand for electrocardiography.
D) ECG and EKG both stand for electrocardiography.
Page Ref: 230
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
174) All ________ carry blood away from the heart.
A) valves
B) veins
C) arteries
D) capillaries
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Valves do not carry blood.
B) All veins carry blood to the heart.
C) Correct!
D) Capillaries connect arteries and veins.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
175) What is the name of the only artery that does NOT carry bright red, oxygenated blood?
A) brachial artery
B) aorta
C) pulmonary artery
D) coronary artery
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The brachial artery carries bright red, oxygenated blood to the arm.
B) The aorta carries bright red, oxygenated blood.
C) Correct! The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
D) The coronary arteries carry bright red, oxygenated blood.
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
176) The artery in the upper leg is known as the ________ artery.
A) femoral
B) brachial
C) tibial
D) pulmonary
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The brachial artery is in the upper arm.
C) The tibial artery is in the lower leg.
D) The pulmonary arteries are in the lungs.
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
177) The contraction of the heart is known as ________.
A) diastole
B) myocardium
C) systole
D) pericardium
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Diastole is not a heart contraction.
B) The myocardium is the heart muscle.
C) Correct!
D) The pericardium is a membrane sac around the heart.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
178) Cardiac enzymes are released from the heart into the blood when ________.
A) there is an arrhythmia
B) myocardial cells die
C) the heart is pumping too hard
D) the heart valves have murmurs
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Cardiac enzymes are not released during an arrhythmia.
B) Correct!
C) Cardiac enzymes are not released because the heart is pumping too hard.
D) Cardiac enzymes are not released due to murmurs.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
179) All of the following are types of arrhythmias EXCEPT ________.
A) bradycardia
B) aneurysm
C) fibrillation
D) bigeminy
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is an arrhythmia.
B) Correct!
C) This is an arrhythmia.
D) This is an arrhythmia.
Page Ref: 224
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
180) In left-sided congestive heart failure, fluid from the blood backs up into the ________.
A) neck and legs
B) abdominal cavity
C) lungs
D) myocardium
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This describes right-sided congestive heart failure.
B) Congestive heart failure does not cause fluid backup in the abdominal cavity.
C) Correct!
D) Congestive heart failure does not cause fluid backup in the myocardium.
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
181) ________ is the sound of blood flowing backward because of a defective heart valve.
A) Vegetation
B) Stenosis
C) Arrhythmia
D) Murmur
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Vegetation is a structure, not a sound.
B) Stenosis is a narrowing, not a sound.
C) Arrhythmia is not a sound.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
182) In what procedure is a balloon inflated within an artery to compress atheromatous plaque?
A) valvuloplasty
B) sonography
C) electrocardiography
D) angioplasty
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Valvuloplasty does not use a balloon in an artery.
B) Sonography uses sound waves, not a balloon.
C) Electrocardiography uses electricity, not a balloon.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
183) A pacemaker controls the ________.
A) heart’s rate and rhythm
B) heart’s valves
C) blood flow of the heart
D) all of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) The pacemaker does not control the valves.
C) The pacemaker does not control the blood flow.
D) Only one of these is correct.
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
184) All blood vessels are lined with ________, a smooth inner layer that promotes the flow of blood.
A) vasculature
B) pericardium
C) endothelium
D) Purkinje fibers
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Vasculature is a network of blood vessels.
B) The pericardium is a membrane around the heart.
C) Correct!
D) Purkinje fibers are in the conduction system of the heart.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
185) Which of the following combining forms does NOT mean “blood vessel”?
A) vas/o-
B) phleb/o–
C) angi/o-
D) vascul/o-
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This does mean “blood vessel.”
B) Correct! Phleb/o– means “vein.”
C) This does mean “blood vessel.”
D) This does mean “blood vessel.”
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
186) Which of these word part pairs does NOT have an opposite meaning?
A) epi-, sub-
B) endo-, peri-
C) constrict/o-, dilat/o–
D) brady-, tachy–
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Epi– means “above; upon” and sub- means “below; underneath”–opposites.
B) Correct! Endo– means “innermost, within,” and peri- means “around”–not opposites.
C) Constrict/o– means “drawn together; narrowed” and dilat/o– means “dilate; widen”–opposites.
D) Brady– means “slow” and tachy– means “fast”–opposites.
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Parts
187) Which words show an opposite action?
A) conduction, contraction
B) circulation, defibrillation
C) regurgitation, systole
D) vasoconstriction, vasodilation
Answer: D
Explanation: A) These do not show an opposite action.
B) These do not show an opposite action.
C) These do not show an opposite action.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Physiology
188) Which of the following phrases is MISSPELLED?
A) perineal artery
B) saphenous vein
C) ectopic site
D) Purkinje fibers
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! It should be peroneal artery.
B) This is the correct spelling.
C) This is the correct spelling.
D) This is the correct spelling.
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
189) Which is the primary accented syllable in the word vasculature (vas-kyoo-lah-chur)?
A) vas
B) kyoo
C) lah
D) chur
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is not the primary accented syllable.
C) This is not the primary accented syllable.
D) This is not the primary accented syllable.
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
190) Which is the primary accented syllable in the word angiogram (an-jee-oh-gram)?
A) an
B) jee
C) oh
D) gram
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is not the primary accented syllable.
C) This is not the primary accented syllable.
D) This is not the primary accented syllable.
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
191) Which is the primary accented syllable in the word diastolic (dy-ah-staw-lik)?
A) dy
B) ah
C) staw
D) lik
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is not the primary accented syllable.
B) This is not the primary accented syllable.
C) Correct!
D) This is not the primary accented syllable.
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
192) The word anticoagulant divides into what word parts?
A) an– and tico/a– and gul/o– and -ant
B) anti– and coagul/o– and -ant
C) anticoagul/o– and –ant
D) none of these
Answer: B
Explanation: A) These are not the word parts.
B) Correct!
C) These are not the word parts.
D) One answer is correct.
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
193) The word cardiothoracic contains what word parts?
A) two combining forms and a suffix
B) three combining forms and a suffix
C) a prefix, a combining form, and a suffix
D) a prefix and two suffixes
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Cardi/o-, thorac/o– and -ic.
B) It does not contain three combining forms.
C) It does not contain a prefix.
D) It does not contain a prefix and two suffixes.
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
194) The word subclavian contains what word parts?
A) two combining forms and a suffix
B) three combining forms and a suffix
C) a prefix, a combining form, and a suffix
D) a prefix and two suffixes
Answer: C
Explanation: A) It does not contain two combining forms.
B) It does not contain three combining forms.
C) Correct! Sub-, clav/o-, and –ian.
D) It does not contain a prefix and two suffixes.
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
195) The word endarterectomy contains what word parts?
A) two combining forms and a suffix
B) three combining forms and a suffix
C) a prefix, a combining form, and a suffix
D) a prefix and two suffixes
Answer: C
Explanation: A) It does not contain two combining forms.
B) It does not contain three combining forms.
C) Correct! Endo-, arter/o-, and -ectomy.
D) It does not contain a prefix and two suffixes.
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
196) The word electrocardiography contains what word parts?
A) two combining forms and a suffix
B) three combining forms and a suffix
C) a prefix, a combining form, and a suffix
D) a prefix and two suffixes
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct! Electro/o-, cardi/o-, and –graphy.
B) It does not contain three combining forms.
C) It does not contain a prefix.
D) It does not contain a prefix.
Page Ref: 230
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
197) In the medical word thrombophlebitis, the word part that means “blood clot” is ________.
A) throm/o-
B) thromb/o-
C) phleb/o-
D) -itis
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is not a combining form.
B) Correct!
C) Phleb/o– means “vein.”
D) The suffix –itis means “infection of; inflammation of.”
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
198) Which word parts do you need to build a drug word that means “pertaining to blood clot breakdown”?
A) cardi/o-, constrict/o-, -ion
B) anti-, angi/o-, -al
C) peri-, cardi/o-, -centesis
D) thromb/o-, lyt/o-, -ic
Answer: D
Explanation: A) These word parts do not mean that.
B) These word parts do not mean that.
C) These word parts do not mean that.
D) Correct!
Page Ref: 243
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
199) When you build a medical word that means “process of recording higher sound,” you would use all of the following word parts EXCEPT ________.
A) –graphy
B) hyper-
C) son/o–
D) ultra–
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The suffix –graphy means “process of recording.”
B) Correct!
C) The combining form son/o– means “sound.”
D) The prefix ultra– means “beyond; higher.”
Page Ref: 233
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
200) All of the following are TRUE about varicose veins EXCEPT ________.
A) there is a family tendency to develop them
B) they can be treated surgically with an aneurysmectomy
C) they can occur during pregnancy
D) they can occur because of long periods of sitting or standing
Answer: C
Explanation: A) This is a true statement.
B) Correct! They are treated medically with sclerotherapy.
C) This is a true statement.
D) This is a true statement.
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
201) Valves are located in which of the following?
A) heart and veins
B) heart and arteries
C) arteries and veins
D) veins and capillaries
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) Valves are not located in arteries.
C) Valves are not located in arteries.
D) Valves are not located in capillaries.
Page Ref: 197, 201
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
202) All of the following are used to treat an aneurysm, EXCEPT ________.
A) the surgery of an aneurysmectomy
B) do cardiopulmonary bypass
C) place a metal clip on the neck of the aneurysm
D) replace the aneurysm with a synthetic graft
Answer: B
Explanation: A) This is done to correct an aneurysm.
B) Correct! This takes over the function of the heart and lungs, but does not correct an aneurysm.
C) This is done to correct an aneurysm.
D) This is done to correct an aneurysm.
Page Ref: 224
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
203) Severe arteriosclerosis that blocks the carotid artery can cause ________.
A) a stroke
B) coronary artery disease
C) kidney failure
D) a heart attack
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct!
B) This is arteriosclerosis of the coronary artery.
C) The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys.
D) Arteriosclerosis in the coronary artery can cause a heart attack.
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
204) A PTCA or a CABG are both abbreviations for surgical procedures that are used to treat ________.
A) varicose veins
B) coronary artery disease
C) hypertension
D) an arrhythmia
Answer: B
Explanation: A) These are not used to treat varicose veins.
B) Correct! Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
C) Hypertension is treated with drugs, not surgery.
D) These are not used to treat an arrhythmia.
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
205) All of the following are used to treat an arrhythmia EXCEPT ________.
A) insertion of a pacemaker
B) giving an antiarrhythmic drug
C) performing cardioversion
D) performing an electrocardiogram
Answer: D
Explanation: A) This is used to treat an arrhythmia.
B) This is used to treat an arrhythmia.
C) This is used to treat an arrhythmia.
D) This is used to diagnose an arrhythmia, not treat one.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
5.2 Short Answer Questions
1) Enlargement of the heart is known as ________.
Answer: cardiomegaly
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
2) The ________ arteries supply blood to the myocardium.
Answer: coronary
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
3) Complete absence of a heartbeat is called ________ or cardiac arrest.
Answer: asystole
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
4) A ________ monitor is a type of portable device used to assess heart rate and rhythm on a 24-hour basis as an outpatient.
Answer: Holter
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
5) In coronary artery bypass grafting, the ________ vein from the leg is harvested to be used as a bypass graft.
Answer: saphenous
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
6) The abbreviation ASHD stands for ________ heart disease.
Answer: arteriosclerotic
Page Ref: 244
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
7) The ________ arteries carry blood to the neck, face, head, and brain.
Answer: carotid
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
8) Structures that control the flow of blood between the atria and the ventricles are called the heart ________.
Answer: valves
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
9) ________ is the process of listening to heart sounds with a stethoscope.
Answer: Auscultation
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
10) Bifurcation refers to the area where the ________ aorta splits in two to form the right and left iliac arteries.
Answer: abdominal
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
11) The sinoatrial (SA) node is also known as the ________ of the heart.
Answer: pacemaker
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
12) A person who has rheumatic heart disease is given a prophylactic antibiotic drug before having any ________ or surgical procedure.
Answer: dental
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
13) ________ is an arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly.
Answer: Bradycardia
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
14) A ________ contraction is an arrhythmia in which there are one or more extra contractions between systole and diastole.
Answer: premature
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
15) An area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery is called a/an ________.
Answer: aneurysm
Page Ref: 224
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
16) Rheumatic heart disease is an ________ response to an untreated streptococcal infection, such as a strep throat.
Answer: autoimmune
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
17) The ________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Answer: tricuspid
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
18) The ________ valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Answer: mitral
Page Ref: 197
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
19) The ________ is the muscular layer of the heart.
Answer: myocardium
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
20) The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the ________, an irregularly shaped, central area between the lungs.
Answer: mediastinum
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
21) The smaller branches of an artery are known as ________.
Answer: arterioles
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
22) All arteries have smooth muscle in their walls. When this smooth muscle contracts, the lumen of the artery decreases in size. This process is called ________.
Answer: vasoconstriction
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
23) Myocardial ________ is the medical phrase that means heart attack.
Answer: infarction
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
24) ________ is the study of the heart and related structures.
Answer: Cardiology
Page Ref: 195
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
25) Tachycardia is the opposite of ________.
Answer: bradycardia
Page Ref: 222, 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
26) The patient had surgery to remove a weakness in the wall of an artery. This surgery is known as a/an ________.
Answer: aneurysmectomy
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
27) The combining form auscult/o– means “________.”
Answer: listening
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
28) The combining form cardi/o– means “________.”
Answer: heart
Page Ref: 195
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
29) The combining form diastol/o– means “________.”
Answer: dilating
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
30) The combining form lipid/o- means “________; lipid.”
Answer: fat
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
31) The combining form my/o– means “________.”
Answer: muscle
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
32) The combining form phleb/o- means “________.”
Answer: vein
Page Ref: 211
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
33) The combining form rrhythm/o- means “________.”
Answer: rhythm
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
34) The combining form sphygm/o– means “________.”
Answer: pulse
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
35) The combining form steth/o- means “________.”
Answer: chest
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
36) The combining form systol/o– means “________.”
Answer: contracting
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
37) The combining form valv/o- means “________.”
Answer: valve
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
38) The combining form vascul/o– means ________.
Answer: blood vessel
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
39) The ________ valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
Answer: pulmonary
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
40) A cardiac exercise stress test is also known as a/an ________ exercise stress test because the patient walks on a motorized moving walkway.
Answer: treadmill
Page Ref: 230
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
41) The myocardium is thickest around the ________ ventricle because it must work the hardest to pump blood to the entire body.
Answer: left
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
42) The word ________ refers to the blood vessels associated with a particular organ.
Answer: vasculature
Page Ref: 211
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
43) ________ are the smallest blood vessels in the body.
Answer: Capillaries
Page Ref: 201
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
44) The ________ is the largest artery in the body. It receives blood from the left ventricle of the heart.
Answer: aorta
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
45) In the pelvic cavity, the abdominal aorta ends as it splits in two (bifurcation) to form the right and left ________ arteries.
Answer: iliac
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
46) Near the knee joint, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery.
Answer: popliteal
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
47) The ________ circulation includes the arteries, capillaries, and veins everywhere in the body, except the lungs.
Answer: systemic
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
48) An infarcted area of the myocardium has dead tissue, which is called ________.
Answer: necrosis
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
49) The prefix dys- has three meanings; but in the word dysrhythmia, the most accurate meaning of dys- is ________.
Answer: abnormal
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
50) A patient who has a period of bradycardia has a condition of a ________ heartbeat.
Answer: slow
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
51) A patient with tachycardia has a condition of a ________ heartbeat.
Answer: fast
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
52) A ________ is a harsh, rushing sound made by blood passing through an artery narrowed and roughened by atherosclerosis.
Answer: bruit
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
53) In the medical word sphygmomanometer, the combining form man/o– means “frenzy; ________.”
Answer: thin
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
54) In a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, the catheter is inserted percutaneously, which means it is inserted through the ________.
Answer: skin. Cutane/o– means “skin.”
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
55) A patient undergoing a valvuloplasty is having surgery to reshape a heart ________.
Answer: valve
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
56) An antiarrhythmic drug is prescribed to treat patients who have an ________ of the heart.
Answer: arrhythmia
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
57) The adjective form for heart is ________.
Answer: cardiac
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.4
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Plurals and Adjectives
58) The combining forms valv/o– and valvul/o– both mean “________.”
Answer: valve
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
59) The combining forms phleb/o– and ven/o– both mean “________.”
Answer: vein
Page Ref: 211
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
60) The medical language definition of the word ________ is a “picture or record (of a) blood vessel.”
Answer: angiogram
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
61) The medical language definition of the word ________ is an “instrument used to examine (the) chest.”
Answer: stethoscope
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
62) Most arteries lie deep beneath the skin, but a few lie near the surface and, each time the heart contracts, their walls bulge, and this can be felt as a ________.
Answer: pulse
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
63) The connecting structure between an artery and a vein is a ________.
Answer: capillary
Page Ref: 201
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
64) A small vein is known as a ________.
Answer: venule
Page Ref: 201
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
5.3 True/False Questions
1) The cause of the most common type of hypertension, essential hypertension, is unknown.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
2) The atrioventricular node, or pacemaker, initiates the electrical impulse that begins each heartbeat.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates each heartbeat.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
3) In a blood pressure reading, the systolic pressure, the upper number, represents the force of contraction of the ventricles.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
4) When a patient feels the uncomfortable sensation of a premature contraction, often described as a “thump,” this condition is called a palpation.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: These are palpitations. Palpation is using the fingers to feel or palpate the body.
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.8
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Research Words
5) Paroxysmal, as in the phrase paroxysmal tachycardia, refers to an episode that occurs suddenly and then goes away without treatment.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 223
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
6) Beta blocker drugs, calcium channel blocker drugs, and ACE inhibitor drugs are three categories of drugs that are used to treat hypertension.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
7) AMI stands for apical maximum impulse.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: It stands for acute myocardial infarction.
Page Ref: 244
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
8) A MUGA scan is a nuclear medicine test that evaluates the ejection fraction and overall heart function.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
9) A heart murmur is a normal sound that the heart makes when it is contracting.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A heart murmur is an abnormal sound that the heart makes as blood leaks past a defective heart valve.
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
10) In a patient with mitral valve prolapse, blood flows backward into the left atrium. This is known as regurgitation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
11) Bradycardia, tachycardia, heart block, and flutter are all considered cardiac arrhythmias.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
12) When a patient is examined, their blood pressure is found to be 166/100. It can be said that he is hypotensive.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Because the blood pressure is higher than normal, the patient is hypertensive, not hypotensive.
Page Ref: 227
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
13) An elevated blood cholesterol level is specifically known as hyperlipidemia.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Hyperlipidema is a general category that includes both an elevated cholesterol level in the blood (hypercholesterolemia) and an elevated triglyceride level (hypertriglyceridemia).
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
14) Cardiac enzymes are released into the blood when myocardial cells die.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
15) A cardiac catheterization can only be done to diagnose a problem with the left side of the heart.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A cardiac catheterization can be done to diagnose a problem with either the left side or the right side of the heart.
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
16) During angiography, a radiopaque dye is injected into a blood vessel to fill and outline it.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
17) Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure in which a drug is injected into a varicose vein.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 235
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
18) Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat low blood pressure.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Antihypertensive drugs are used to treat high blood pressure.
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
19) The membrane that is U-shaped and surrounds the heart to create a sac is known as the bundle of His.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The pericardium creates the pericardial sac. The bundle of His is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
20) All arteries carry blood that contains a high level of oxygen.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The pulmonary arteries carry blood that has a low level of oxygen.
Page Ref: 211
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
21) The largest artery in the body is the pulmonary artery.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The largest artery in the body is the aorta.
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
22) A Holter monitor is used to check the patient’s heart rate as an outpatient for 24 hours.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 232
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
23) A prolapse of a heart valve occurs when it becomes thickened and hardened.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A prolapse occurs when the valve leaflets do not close tightly.
Page Ref: 220
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
24) During angina pectoris, there is severe chest pain that means that a myocardial infarction has occurred.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: During angina pectoris, there is ischemia of the myocardium, but it is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction.
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
25) Auscultation is using a stethoscope to listen to heart sounds.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
26) The combining form aneurysm/o– means “enlargement.”
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Aneurysm/o– means “aneurysm; dilation.” The suffix –megaly means “enlargement.”
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
27) The combining form angi/o- means “blood vessel; lymphatic vessel.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
28) The combining form ather/o– means “hard.”
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The combining form ather/o- means “soft, fatty substance.”
Page Ref: 225
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
29) The combining form lipid/o– means “fat; lipid.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
30) The combining form sphygm/o– means “pulse.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
31) The combining form steth/o– means “listening.”
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The combining form steth/o– means “chest.”
Page Ref: 234
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
32) The combining form vascul/o– means “blood vessel; lymphatic vessel.”
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The combining form vascul/o- means “blood vessel.”
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
33) The cardiovascular system is a continuous, circular body system that includes the heart and blood vessels.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
34) There are three kinds of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
35) The heart is a muscular organ that contracts at least once every second to pump blood throughout the body.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
36) The heart has an extensive electrical system that initiates and coordinates its contractions.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
37) The heart contains four chambers; the upper two are called the “ventricles.”
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The upper two are the right and left atria.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
38) The myocardium is a center wall that divides the heart into right and left sides.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The septum is the center dividing wall.
Page Ref: 196
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
39) The tricuspid valve and mitral valve have chordae tendineae attached to their valve leaflets.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 198
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
40) The myocardium is thickest around the right atrium because it must work the hardest to pump blood to the entire body.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The myocardium is thickest at the left ventricle.
Page Ref: 199
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
41) The word vasculature refers to the network of blood vessels associated with a particular organ.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
42) The carotid arteries bring oxygenated blood to the neck, face, head, and brain.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 202
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
43) The systemic circulation includes the arteries, capillaries, and veins everywhere in the body, EXCEPT the lungs.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 205
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
44) The resting period between contractions of the heart is known as systole.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Systole is a contraction. Diastole is the resting period.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
45) In the medical word depolarization, the combining form polar/o– means “negative state; positive state.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
46) When the heart is in diastole, the heart chambers are contracting.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Diastole is the resting period between contractions.
Page Ref: 212
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Physiology
47) The part of the pericardium that is next to the wall of a cavity is called the visceral pericardium or the epicardium.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The visceral pericardium or epicardium is the part next to the surface of the heart.
Page Ref: 210
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
48) In a patient suffering from pericarditis, the inflammation occurs inside the heart chambers.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: It occurs in the pericardial sac that is around the heart. Peri– means “around.”
Page Ref: 221
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
49) Allen Jeffers has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. He will be prescribed a “statin” drug to treat this condition.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 243
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
50) A patient that has phlebitis, by definition, has an inflammation of the blood vessels.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Phleb/o- means “vein,” not “blood vessel.”
Page Ref: 228
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
51) Because of the meaning of the suffix –ase, we know that the creatine phosphokinase lab test is measuring the level of a particular enzyme.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 229
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Parts
52) In the word sphygmomanometer, the combining form man/o– refers to the thin, inflatable cuff used to measure blood pressure.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 237
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Word Parts
53) The definition of coronary angioplasty is the “process of reshaping by surgery of a blood vessel.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
54) By dividing the word valvulotome into its word parts, we can see that it means “an instrument used to cut a valve.”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.6
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Word Building and Dividing
55) Laramie Johnson has been taking a drug to lower her cholesterol level. When her most recent lab test results come back, she is hoping to see a high level of HDL.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 226
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
56) To destroy an ectopic area in the heart that is producing an arrhythmia, the patient underwent an RFA procedure, which stands for radiofrequency ablation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Abbreviations
57) An antiarrhythmic drug is prescribed for patients with heart rhythm problems.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
58) The endothelium that lines the inside of a blood vessel is also known as the intima.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 200
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
59) The pointed leaflet edges of a valve are also known as chordae tendineae.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The pointed leaflets are also known as cusps. Chordae tendineae are ropelike strands that support the valve leaflets.
Page Ref: 209
Learning Outcome: 5.1
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Anatomy
60) A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
61) The words arrhythmia and dysrhythmia are both spelled correctly.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
62) The words aneurism and aneurismal are both spelled correctly.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The correct spellings are aneurysm and aneurysmal.
Page Ref: 224
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
63) Vena cava is a Latin singular noun, and its plural is venae cavae.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 204
Learning Outcome: 5.4
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Plurals and Adjectives
64) The primary accented syllable in the word ventricular (ven-trih-kyoo-lar) is KYOO.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The primary accented syllable is TRIH.
Page Ref: 207
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
65) The primary accented syllable in the word anastomosis (ah-nas-toh-moh-sis) is NAS.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The primary accented syllable is MOH.
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.7
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Spelling and Pronouncing
66) A silent MI is a heart attack that is associated with no symptoms.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 219
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
67) An electrophysiologic study is used to map the heart’s conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 231
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diagnostic Procedures
68) During a heart transplantation, the patient can receive a donor heart from a person who died or an artificial heart made of synthetic materials.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 238
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
69) During valve replacement surgery, a patient can receive a replacement heart valve that comes from an animal; this is known as a stent.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A stent is used to open the lumen of an artery. A replacement valve from an animal is a xenograft.
Page Ref: 240
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
5.4 Essay Questions
1) Explain what ventricular fibrillation is and why it is life-threatening.
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium. The heart is unable to pump blood. This arrhythmia can progress to cardiac arrest.
Page Ref: 222
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Diseases
2) How is blood flow through a coronary artery improved by doing a balloon angioplasty?
Answer: A catheter with a balloon attached to it is inserted into a coronary artery that is blocked with plaque. The balloon is inflated and the plaque is compressed and this widens the lumen. The balloon is then deflated and the catheter is removed.
Page Ref: 239
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
3) How does aspirin help heart patients?
Answer: Aspirin helps prevent heart attacks. It helps prevent blood clots from forming by keeping platelets from sticking together.
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Pharmacology
4) How do calcium channel blocker drugs work and what are they used to treat?
Answer: Calcium channel blockers block the movement of calcium ions into myocardial cells and smooth muscle cells of the artery walls, causing the heart rate and blood pressure to decrease. They are used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension.
Page Ref: 241
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
5) Trace the blood as it moves from the right ventricle through the pulmonary circulation, and back to the heart.
Answer: Blood travels through the pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, and arterioles, to the capillaries in the lungs. In a capillary beside an alveolus, the blood releases carbon dioxide, picks up oxygen, and becomes bright red. The blood then travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart.
Page Ref: 206
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Anatomy
6) Describe the parts of the conduction system of the heart.
Answer: The conduction system of the heart starts with the sinoatrial node (SA), which initiates the electrical impulse to begin each heartbeat. Then electrical impulse travels to the atrioventricular node (AV), to the bundle of His, and then down the right and left bundle branches in the interventricular septum. At the apex of the heart, the right and left bundles separate, and the electrical impulse spreads across the ventricles in a network of nerves called the Purkinje fibers.
Page Ref: 206—207
Learning Outcome: 5.2
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Physiology
7) What is angina pectoris and what are its symptoms?
Answer: Angina pectoris is mild-to-severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium. It can include a crushing, squeezing, heaviness, or pressure-like sensation in the chest with pain extending up into the jaw, teeth, neck, or down the left arm, often with extreme sweating and a sense of doom.
Page Ref: 218
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Diseases
8) The words angioplasty and valvuloplasty both end in the suffix –plasty. How are these two surgical procedures alike and how are they different?
Answer: The suffix in both words is –plasty, which means “process of reshaping by surgery.” Both angioplasty and valvuloplasty involve a process of reshaping by surgery. The difference is that an angioplasty reshapes a blood vessel and vavuloplasty reshapes a valve.
Page Ref: 239, 240
Learning Outcome: 5.5
LOD: Comprehension
Question Type: Medical and Surgical Procedures
9) What is the difference between the action of an anticoagulant drug and a thrombolytic drug?
Answer: An anticoagulant drug is used to prevent a clot from forming in patients with arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, or an artificial heart valve. A thrombolytic drug is used to break apart a blood clot after it has formed.
Page Ref: 241, 243
Learning Outcome: 5.3
LOD: Knowledge
Question Type: Pharmacology
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