Introduction To Corecctions 2nd Edition By Robert D. Hanser – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 05: Probation

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.The father of modern probation is__________.

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Easy

REF: A Brief History of Probation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Knowledge

2.Which sentence is most likely for offenders of serious crime?

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Probation When the Jail is Full OBJ: 5.1 COG: Comprehension

3.Probation has its origins in what country?

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: A Brief History of Probation OBJ: 5.1 COG: Comprehension

4.Probation began when a man being charged with __________ was bailed out and helped to become a functioning and productive member within the community.

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: A Brief History of Probation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Comprehension

5.Which state was the last to formally establish adult probation?

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Easy

REF:Historical Developments in Probation in the United States

OBJ: 5.2 COG: Knowledge

6.Which state is known as the home of probation?

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Easy

REF: The Administration of Probation OBJ: 5.2

COG: Knowledge

7.Which is the primary purpose of the presentence investigation report?

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: The Presentence Investigation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Comprehension

8.Who is often responsible for completing the presentence investigation report?

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Easy

REF: The Presentence Investigation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Knowledge

9.From the standpoint of the probation officer, what are the two most important sections of the presentence investigation report?

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Hard

REF: The Presentence Investigation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Application

10.Probationers have general conditions of probation that they must meet. Which of the following conditions is not a general condition of probation?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Conditions of Probation 

OBJ: 5.3 COG: Application

11.Probation officers tend to be _________.

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Demographics of Probation Officers: Gender & Demographics of Probation Officers 

OBJ:5.4COG:Comprehension

12.Most probation officers have at least what level of education?

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Demographics of Probation Officers: Education OBJ: 5.4

COG:Comprehension

13.Which is not a basic category used to describe the probation officer’s general tendency when supervising offenders?

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Hard

REF: Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services 

OBJ: 5.4 COG: Application

14.Applicants for federal probation officer positions may not be older than _____ years old.

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Easy

REF: Qualifications for Probation Officers OBJ: 5.4

COG: Knowledge

15.The __________ will view the offender more as a client rather than a supervisee on his or her caseload. These individuals believe that, ultimately, the best way they can enhance security and safety of the community is by reforming the offender.

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services 

OBJ:5.3COG:Comprehension

16.The __________ tends to view his or her job as just that, a job. These individuals will tend to do as little as possible, and they do not have passion for their jobs.

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services 

OBJ:5.3COG:Comprehension

17.The recommended caseload size for a probation officer with a low risk adult caseload is:

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Caseload Management 

OBJ: 5.3 COG: Knowledge

18.Which stage of probation revocation proceedings provides the offender an opportunity to refute the evidence provided?

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Probation Revocation 

OBJ:5.5COG:Comprehension

19.Which is the first stage of the revocation proceeding?

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Probation Revocation 

OBJ:5.5COG:Comprehension

TRUE/FALSE

20.Probation is a sanction that serves to reduce prison overcrowding.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Introduction 

OBJ:5.1COG:Comprehension

21.Without the use of probation sanctions, jails would simply collapse in their operation.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Probation When the Jail is Full OBJ: 5.1 COG: Comprehension

22.Corrections are intended to do more than simply punish the offender but instead seek to reform the offender.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: A Brief History of Probation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Comprehension

23.In many cases, probation is administered through the same jurisdiction that also oversees the jailhouse.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Easy

REF: The Administration of Probation OBJ: 5.3

COG: Knowledge

24.Probation does not exist at the federal level.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Probation Agency 

OBJ: 5.3 COG: Knowledge

25.The presentence investigation (PSI) report is typically the final point of assessment and is rarely utilized when the offender is first brought into a prison facility.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: The Presentence Investigation OBJ: 5.2 COG: Comprehension

26.There is rarely agreement between the probation officer’s recommendations and the judge’s decision when sentencing.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: The Presentence Investigation OBJ: 5.4 COG: Comprehension

27.The judge often is not the primary decision-maker in regard to an offender’s sentencing and/or the granting probation.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Granting Probation 

OBJ:5.5COG:Comprehension

28.Most probation officers do not carry a firearm.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Working Conditions 

OBJ: 5.4 COG: Knowledge

ESSAY

29.Identify and discuss the qualifications, characteristics, and nature of work of most probation officers.

ANS:

The background qualifications for probation officers vary by state, but generally a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work, or a related field is required for initial consideration. Entry-level probation officers should be in good physical and emotional condition. Most agencies require applicants to be at least 21 years old, and for federal employment, not older than 37 years old. Probation officers should have strong writing skills because they are required to prepare many reports. The majority of probation staff tends to be female, Caucasian, and tends to have a college degree. Probation officers supervise offenders who are placed on some form of probation and tend to spend more time monitoring the activities of these offenders than anything else. Probation officers most frequently maintain their supervision through personal contact with the offender, the offender’s family, and the offender’s employer. The daily working conditions for probation officers can be quite safe when in the officer, but can also be fairly dangerous when conducting field visits.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: Probation Officers 

OBJ: 5.4 COG: Application

30.Essentially, there are two primary cases that established due process rights for probationers. Identify and explain each case and their role in the revocation process.

ANS:

Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) and Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973). The Morrissey court ruled that parolees facing revocation must be given due process rights through a prompt informal inquiry before an impartial hearing officer. The court ruled that this be through a two-step hearing process when revoking parole. The reason for this two-step process is to first screen for the reasonableness of holding the parolee since there is often a substantial delay between the point of arrest and the revocation hearing. The initial hearing must be conducted by a neutral and detached party. This hearing does not have to be formal in nature. The hearing officer is tasked with determining whether there is sufficient probable cause to justify the continued detention of the offender. After the initial hearing is the revocation hearing. During this hearing, the parolee is entitled to the ability to contest charges and demonstrate that he or she did not, in fact, violate any of the conditions of his or her parole. The Morrissey court specified that the parolee must receive written notice of the claimed violation of parole, the parolee shall receive evidence against him or her, that the parolee have an opportunity to be heard in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence, the right of the parolee to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses, the hearing body must be neutral and detached, and that the parolee shall receive a written statement by the fact finders as to the evidence relied on and reasons for revoking parole. Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) applied the standards or parolee revocation in Morrissey to probation revocation and noted that offenders on community supervision do not have an absolute constitutional right to appointed counsel during revocation proceedings.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: Court Decisions on Revocation 

OBJ: 5.5 COG: Analysis

31.Probation offers a dual role: law enforcers and brokers of services. These two spectrums, working in seeming contraction with one another, mean that four basic categories emerge that describe the officer’s general tendency when supervising officers. Identify and explain the four categories.

ANS:

Paternal officers, punitive officers, welfare worker, and passive agent. The paternal officers use a great degree of both control and assistance techniques. They protect both the offender and the community by providing the offender with assistance, as well as praising and blaming. These officers tend not to have a high degree of formal training or secondary education, but they tend to be very experienced and thus are able to weather the difficulties associated with burnout within the field of probation. Punitive officers (also known as pure law enforcers) see themselves as needing to use threats and punishment in order to get compliance from the offender. These officers will place the highest emphasis on control and protection of the public against offenders, and they will be suspicious of offenders on their caseload. Human relations between these officers and their caseload are usually fairly impaired and sterile. The welfare worker (also known as the pure broker of services) will view the offender more as a client rather than as a supervisee on the caseload. These individuals believe that, ultimately, the best way they can enhance the security and safety of the community is by reforming the offender so that further crime will not occur. These officers view their job more as therapeutic service than as a punitive service. The passive agent tends to view his or her job as just that, a job. These officers tend to do as little as possible, and they do not have passion for their job. Unlike the punitive and the welfare officer, they simply do not care about the outcome of their work so long as they avoid any difficulties. These individuals are often in the job simply due to the benefits that it may have as well as the freedom from continual supervision that this type of job affords.

PTS:1DIF:Medium

REF: Probation Officers in the Role of Law Enforcers and Brokers of Services 

OBJ: 5.4 COG: Analysis