Government in America People Politics And Policy 16th Edition by George C. Edwards – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

3

Federalism

 Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Although federalism is not unique to the United States, it is not a common method of governing. Only __________ of the 190 or so nations of the world have federal systems.

a. 5

b. 8

c. 11

d. 15

e. 22

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

2. Prior to the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was governed by the Articles of __________.

a. Confederation

b. Declaration

c. Federalism

d. Independence

e. Unity

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

3. In a __________ system, local and regional governments derive authority from the national government.

a. unitary

b. bi–cameral

c. confederate

d. constitutional

e. federal

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

4. What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution?

a. enumerated; implied

b. enumerated; suggested

c. implied; explicit

d. suggested; explicit

e. suggested; implied

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

5. The United States was the __________ nation to adopt a federal system of government.

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. tenth

e. last

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

6. Under the system created by the Framers, the national and state governments share power as defined by the __________.

a. Bill of Rights

b. Constitution

c. people

d. President

e. Declaration of Independence

Answer: b

Page Reference: 79

A–head: Division of Power

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

7. Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law.

a. irrelevant

b. persuasive authority

c. secondary

d. supreme

e. insignificant

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

8. The __________ Amendment says that says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people.

a. First

b. Eighth

c. Tenth

d. Eleventh

e. Fourteenth

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

9. In __________, powers are shared by the federal and state governments.

a. cooperative federalism

b. constitutional government

c. a federal government system

d. a libertarian government system

e. unified government

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

10. Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

a. Commerce

b. Dormant Commerce

c. Due Process

d. Equal Protection

e. Full Faith and Credit

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

11. A __________ grant is a large grant to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.

a. block

b. business

c. commerce

d. credit

e. federal

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

12. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Republican party led the __________ “revolution,” which demanded that the national government return administrative authority to state governments.

a. contract

b. devolution

c. evolution

d. silent

e. white

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

13. What was the first major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments?

a. Barron v. Baltimore

b. Dred Scott v. Sanford

c. Gibbons v. Ogden

d. McCulloch v. Maryland

e. US v. Lopez

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

14. The principal basis for __________ is shared programs such as education and transportation that are mainly state responsibilities.

a. cooperative federalism

b. constitutional government

c. a federal government system

d. a libertarian government system

e. unified government

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

15. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court held that Congress has the power to regulate __________ activity.

a. commercial

b. educational

c. holiday

d. interstate

e. local

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

16. The Constitution says that states are required to return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment, a practice called __________.

a. imprisonment

b. out-of-state trial

c. change of venue

d. tradition

e. extradition

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

17. Which amendment prohibits federal and state courts and federal administrative agencies from hearing cases in which a private party names a state as a defendant without the state’s consent?

a. Eleventh

b. Fifth

c. Twelfth

d. Third

e. Sixteenth

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

18. The Framers adopted a federal system of government partly because they feared __________.

a. centralizing power in one institution

b. decentralization by the states

c. limiting the national government

d. regulation of interstate commerce

e. to challenge the power of the states

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

19. Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret in McCulloch v. Maryland?

a. Commerce

b. Dormant commerce

c. Due process

d. Equal protection

e. Necessary and proper

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

20. __________ grants typically allocate federal dollars based upon population.

a. Block

b. Categorical

c. Commerce

d. Federal

e. Unified

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

21. The Supreme Court’s decisions establishing the national government’s implied powers (McCulloch v. Maryland) and a broad definition of interstate commerce (Gibbons v. Ogden) established the power of Congress to __________ through subsidies and services for business interests.

a. control economic development

b. restrict economic development

c. support economic development

d. promote economic development

e. create economic success

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

22. In Bond v. United States (2011), the Court held that a person indicted __________ may challenge the statute on the Tenth Amendment grounds that, in enacting the statute, the federal government invaded state powers under the Constitution.

a. under a local ordinance

b. under a state law

c. for federal crimes

d. under a federal statute

e. for state crimes

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

23. What are states’ powers?

a. powers specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution

b. powers specifically delegated to state governments by the Constitution

c. powers not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution

d. powers not specifically delegated to state governments by the Constitution

e. powers specifically delegated to both the state and national government

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

24. During the __________, national power was expanded.

a. Revolutionary War

b. Civil War 

c. First World War

d. Second World War

e. Vietnam War

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

25. The power to __________ and __________ includes the right to place conditions on the receipt of federal money.

a. buy; sell

b. charge; transact

c. create; produce

d. regulate; limit

e. tax; spend

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

26. Before the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was organized as ___________.

a. colonies

b. a confederation

c. a monarchy

d. an oligarchy

e. a conglomerate

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

27. The Defense of Marriage Act potentially violates which clause of the Constitution?

a. Commerce

b. Supremacy Clause

c. Due Process

d. Equal Protection

e. Full Faith and Credit

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

28. What model of federalism began in the 1930s?

a. cooperative

b. dual

c. progressive

d. republican

e. unified

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

29. Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but distinct state and national governments?

a. combined

b. cooperative

c. dual

d. progressive

e. pure

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

30. One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as __________ for new ideas.

a. classrooms

b. churches

c. courts

d. cradles

e. laboratories

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 94–95

A–head: Diversity in Policy

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.4

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

31. Which of the following is an example of fiscal federalism?

a. a blue ribbon task force on education

b. gas mileage requirements

c. grants–in–aid

d. minimum wage legislation

e. No Child Left Behind Act

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

32. What is a mandate?

a. An order from the federal government requiring the states to take a certain action.

b. An order from a state government requiring a federal action.

c. An order from the federal government prohibiting the states to take a certain action.

d. An order from a state government prohibiting a federal action.

e. An order requiring joint state and federal action.

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

33. Of the following, which is a power denied states by the Constitution?

a. establishment of criminal laws

b. the power to enter into treaties

c. establishment of traffic laws

d. supervision of contracts between businesses and corporations

e. supervision of contracts between individuals

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

34. The preemption of state and local laws is based on which clause of the U.S. Constitution?

a. Commerce

b. Due Process

c. Equal Protection

d. Full Faith and Credit

e. Supremacy

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

35. As noted in Table 3.2 Some Powers Denied States by the Constitution for reference, the Constitution denies the states the power to create or maintain __________.

a. taxes

b. schools

c. a military

d. a court system

e. prisons

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism 

36. Which of the following is an example of a formula grant?

a. Medicaid

b. public education

c. military funding

d. Congressional salaries

e. the Clean Air Act

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

37. Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government?

a. criminal law

b. contract law

c. marriage and divorce

d. control over money supply

e. social welfare activities

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

38. Recent changes to federalism favor which type of government grant?

a. block grants

b. business grants

c. categorical grants

d. programmatic requests

e. unfunded mandates

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

39. Which of the following best exemplifies the intentions of the “devolution revolution”?

a. New Deal legislation

b. No Child Left Behind Act

c. welfare policy

d. Troubled Asset Recovery Program

e. Violence Against Women Act

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

40. The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of a(n) __________.

a. block grant

b. business grant

c. categorical grant

d. programmatic request

e. unfunded mandate

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

41. Which of the following is a confederation?

a. Arab League

b. United Nations

c. Great Britain

d. China

e. United States 

Answer: b

Page Reference: 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

42. The Constitution is more specific about the __________ states do not have than about those they possess

a. rights

b. entitlements

c. powers

d. authorities

e. grants

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

43. Which of the following is a shared power between states and the federal government?

a. control over money supply

b. social welfare activities

c. contract law

d. power to tax

e. raising and maintaining an army

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

44. The power of both the state and federal governments to levy taxes is an example of __________ federalism.

a. layer cake

b. marble cake

c. pineapple upside down cake

d. cupcake

e. pancake

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

45. Which of the following cases involved the commerce clause?

a. Gonzales v. Raich and McCulloch v. Maryland

b. United States v. Morrison

c. Brown v. Board of Education

d. Marbury v. Madison

e. Tinker v. Des Moines

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

46. In cooperative federalism, the national government and the states share powers and __________.

a. costs for mandates

b. tax revenues

c. responsibilities

d. policy assignments

e. citizens

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

47. Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution?

a. conducting elections

b. establishing local governments

c. maintaining a militia

d. providing for public health, safety, and morals

e. regulating interstate commerce

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

48. In United States v. Lopez, the U.S. Supreme Court scrutinized the use of which of the following powers as related to the possession of firearms in public schools?

a. educational

b. regulating

c. taxing

d. war

e. commerce

Answer: e

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know 

Topic: Federalism

49. Which statement best describes the decision in Gibbons v. Ogden?

a. Congress can promote economic development through subsidies and services for business interests.

b. Congress can only regulate commercial activity that actually reaches over state lines.

c. States can regulate any product that crosses state lines.

d. Congress can regulate activity that has a minimal impact on interstate commerce.

e. States can regulate any activity that has a substantial effect on interstate commerce.

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

50. Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government?

a. admitting new states

b. coining money

c. declaring war

d. establishing federal courts

e. levying taxes

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

51. Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?

a. A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments. 

b. A constitutional arrangement by which sovereign states create a limited central government.

c. A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

d. A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

e. A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

52. Under current federal law, Ohio would not have to give “full faith and credit” to which of the following?

a. An adoption from Michigan

b. A divorce from Canada

c. An opposite sex marriage from Massachusetts

d. A same sex marriage from Iowa because same–sex marriage is illegal in Ohio.

e. A marriage between two cousins from Nebraska because marriages between first cousins are illegal in Ohio.

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

53. Which is an example of a federal mandate?

a. Congress passes a law requiring all nuclear power plants to revise and strengthen their safety protocols.

b. Congress passes a law requiring all states to adopt a sex offender registry system categorizing offenders based on conviction, not future threat.

c. The Environmental Protection Agency sends money to Louisiana to help with cleanup from the gulf oil spill.

d. The Nevada legislature passes a law requiring all public school teachers to spend twenty hours per week preparing students for the state achievement test.

e. The Supreme Court upholds a federal law requiring all citizens to wear a seatbelt while operating a motor vehicle.

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

54. Which part of the Constitution contains limitations on state powers?

a. Article I, Section 2

b. Tenth Amendment

c. Article IV, Section 1

d. Article IV, Section 3

e. Article VI

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

55. What was the dominant form of federalism early in the history of the United States?

a. dual

b. combined

c. competitive

d. cooperative

e. progressive

Answer: a

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

56. Which best describes the decision in Printz v. United States?

a. State governments cannot require federal officials to perform state functions.

b. State officials are prohibited from performing federal functions.

c. The federal government cannot require state officials to perform federal functions.

d. The federal government cannot sue the state governments in federal court.

e. The government of one state cannot regulate the conduct of citizens from another state.

Answer: c

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

57. Proponents of the “devolution revolution” argue that:

a. The authority of the military should be expanded.

b. The authority of state governments should be expanded.

c. The authority of the federal government should be expanded.

d. The authority of the president should be expanded.

e. The authority of Congress should be expanded.

Answer: b

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

58. Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant?

a. Funds provided by Congress to the states for education generally.

b. Funds provided by Congress to the states for substance abuse prevention.

c. Funds provided by Congress to the states for transportation infrastructure.

d. Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low–income area.

e. Funds provided by Congress to the states to promote the physical health of citizens.

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

59. The power to regulate immigration is best described as a(n) __________ power.

a. shared

b. enumerated

c. implied

d. limited

e. reserved

Answer: a

Page Reference: 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

60. The goal of the privileges and immunities clause is to keep states from discriminating against which of the following?

a. other state governments

b. the federal government

c. minority citizens

d. citizens of other states 

e. poor citizens

Answer: d

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It 

Topic: Federalism

 True-False Questions

61. The United States has always had a federal system of government.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

62. In a unitary system of government, the state and local governments derive their powers from a centralized national government.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

63. All of the powers of the federal government are expressly enumerated in the Constitution.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

64. The Supremacy Clause establishes that state laws will prevail over conflicting federal laws.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

65. Dual federalism is an interpretation of federalism in which the states and the national government separate jurisdictions and responsibilities.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

66. Devolution was particularly strong during the 1990s.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

67. California’s Compassionate Use Act for medical marijuana conflicts with the federal government’s Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 70–73

A–head: Chapter 3 Introduction

Learning Objective: Chapter 3 Introduction 

Skill Level: Remember the Facts 

Topic: Federalism

68. Federalism encourages the states to create local solutions to national problems.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 94–95

A–head: Diversity in Policy

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.4

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

69. Proponents of states’ rights believe that the Constitution strictly limited the national government and established broad autonomy for the states.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

70. Any power not specifically delegated to the states by the Constitution is reserved to the national government.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

71. The Constitution gives states the power to issue state coinage in addition to the coinage issued by the federal government.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

72. The U.S. Supreme Court has never clarified what privileges the states must make available to all Americans under the privileges and immunities clause.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

73. The federal system established in the United States was a direct response to the ineffective national government under the Articles of Confederation.

Answer: TRUE

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

74. Since 1990, the Supreme Court has consistently expanded the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

75. Federal mandates are direct judicial orders requiring state governments to comply with the Constitution.

Answer: FALSE

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

76. The __________ is used to resolve conflicts between the federal and state governments.

Answer: Supreme Court

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

77. In the American federal system, __________ levels of government share power.

Answer: two

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

78. The __________ specifies that any power not specifically delegated to the national government is reserved to the states or the people.

Answer: Tenth Amendment

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

79. __________ powers are the functions and actions that Congress could perform in order to exercise its enumerated powers.

Answer: Implied

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

80. __________federalism is defined as a flexible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs.

Answer: Cooperative

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

81. __________ occurs when a national law or regulation takes precedence over a conflicting state or local law or regulation.

Answer: Pre–emption

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

82. Funds awarded by the National Science Foundation to university professors are an example of __________ grants.

Answer: project

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

Topic: Federalism

83. Most of the Framers believed in the necessity of a federal government, but they also agreed that it should have __________ powers.

Answer: limited or few

Page Reference: pp. 95–100

A–head: Understanding Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.5

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

84. In the United States, the __________ defines duties, obligations, and powers of both the national and state governments.

Answer: Constitution

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

85. The power to regulate interstate commerce belongs to the __________ government.

Answer: federal

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

86. The __________ Clause guarantees that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of other states.

Answer: Privileges and Immunities

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

87. As depicted by Figure 3.2 Fiscal Federalism: Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, intergovernmental relations have shifted toward sharing __________ and employing fiscal federalism.

Answer: power 

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

88. The case of __________ laid the groundwork for a central bank and a unified economy in the United States.

Answer: McCulloch v. Maryland

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

89. Recent decisions of the Supreme Court have taken a __________ view of the scope of congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.

Answer: restrictive

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

90. The __________ interprets the Supremacy Clause.

Answer: Supreme Court

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

 Short Answer Questions

91. Explain the difference between the powers that the U.S. Constitution provides to the national and state governments. Be sure to give specific examples.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the powers of the national government are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution and those necessary to effectuate enumerated powers.

2. Explain that every power not specifically given to the national government is reserved to the states.

3. Identify some primary powers of the national government: to wage war, negotiate with foreign governments, regulate interstate commerce, coin money, etc.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

92. Explain the significance of Gibbons v. Ogden.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the Supreme Court recognized broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.

2. Discuss the ways in which Gibbons v. Ogden served as a basis for later rulings that upheld an expansive reading of federal power.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

93. How do block grants differ from categorical grants?

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that categorical grants make specific provisions for how money allocated to the states will be spent, while block grants allocate money for general purposes and leave it to the states to decide how to spend it.

2. Explain that categorical grants give Congress greater control over the actions of the states.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

94. Explain why the Framers of the U.S. Constitution chose to abandon the Articles of Confederation.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Describe the nature of the confederation formed by the Articles as a loosely connected group of states with a national government that derived all its power from the states themselves.

2. Discuss a problem of Confederation. For example, a weak national government could not effectively respond to the needs of a growing nation.

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

95. Define unfunded mandates. Why are unfunded mandates problematic?

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Define unfunded mandates.

2. Note that Congress often imposes significant obligations on the states without providing any money enabling the states to comply.

3. Discuss the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and describe the ways in which it attempted to eliminate the prevalence of unfunded mandates. However, even after the Act, Congress has passed additional unfunded mandates.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

Topic: Federalism

96. There are two major types of federal grants-in-aid for states and localities: categorical grants and block grants. Define each type and show how they are used in today’s federal budgetary process. 

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Define the two types of grants.

2. Show how categorical grants are structured to restrict usage of funds. Contrast the restrictions of categorical grants with the inherent discretion allowed the states by block grants.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

97. Describe the primary strengths of a federal system.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that a federal system controls tyranny by decentralizing power.

2. Explain that a federal system allows for local solutions to national problems.

Page Reference: pp. 94–95; pp. 95–100

A–head: Diversity in Policy; Understanding Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.4; 3.5

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

98. Explain the justification of federalism from the Framers’ point of view.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the federal system avoided centralizing power in one institution.

2. Explain that the federal system was designed to make government more accountable to the people.

Page Reference: pp. 95–100

A–head: Understanding Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.5

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

99. Explain the consequences of federalism for diversity in public policies among the states.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain how states act as “incubators” of policy reform.

2. Include examples such as immigration, stem-cell research, environmental laws, welfare reform, minimum wage laws, etc. The hallmark will be for the student to show how states function to carry out policy not only independently of the federal government, but counter to it at times, and certainly counter to other states.

Page Reference: 94 –95

A–head: Diversity in Policy

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.4

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

100. Explain the privileges and immunities clause.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the privileges and immunities clause is part of the Constitution.

2. Explain that individual states must give citizens of all other states the privileges and immunities they grant to their own citizens, including the protection of law, the right to engage in peaceful occupations, access to the courts, and freedom from discriminatory taxes.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Topic: Federalism

101. The Constitution divides power between the national (federal) government and state governments and makes the national government supreme within its sphere. The national government has implied as well as enumerated powers, as McCulloch v. Maryland made clear. Explain the issues involved in this ruling and its impact on federalism.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain the issue of a state taxing an entity of the federal government and how the state of Maryland justified this behavior.

2. Explain how the Marshall court decided the case emphasizing two constitutional principles: supremacy of the national government over the states and the national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its enumerated powers.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

102. Explain how critics of the Defense of Marriage Act invoke the full faith and credit clause.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the full faith and credit clause requires state courts to validate and enforce the civil judgments of the courts of other states.

2. Explain that DOMA purports to exempt states from this constitutional requirement with respect to same–sex marriage validly performed in other states.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

103. How do we know that the U.S. Constitution is federalist? Cite specific clauses or articles.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that the word “federalism” does not appear anywhere in the Constitution.

2. Explain that federalism is embodied in the Constitution through its enumeration of powers for the federal government, the Supremacy Clause, the Privileges and Immunities Clause, and the description of the role of the states in electing the members of the federal government.

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

104. Explain why the Supreme Court struck down the Violence Against Women Act.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain that VAWA allowed women to file civil suits against their attackers in federal courts.

2. Explain that Congress claimed that the interstate commerce clause created the power for it to pass such legislation. (Note that gender-motivated crimes of violence are not, the Court said, in any sense economic activity.)

Page Reference: pp. 77–84

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

105. Why does Medicaid place states in a difficult position? 

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Describe how Medicaid is administered by states and that the states pay for part of it and receive federal funds for the rest.

2. Explain how the expansion of Medicare over the last two decades has increased both funding for and the complexity of the program.

3. Discuss the effect of the Affordable Health Care Act on states’ administration of Medicaid.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

 Essay Questions

106. Describe the evolution of federalism over the course of American history. Provide specific social/policy developments or Supreme Court decisions for each evolutionary step.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Identify the major forms of federalism and the era with which each is associated: dual federalism (1868–1913), cooperative federalism (1913–1964), centralized federalism (1964–1980), and new federalism (1980–2010). Students may include state-centered federalism (1787–1868) and progressive federalism (present).

2. Detail events leading to each form of federalism.

3. Detail the major legislative/social policy developments during each period and explain how the dominant form of federalism led to these developments.

4. Describe several major Supreme Court opinions that shaped federalism through time. 

Page Reference: pp. 77–84; pp. 84–94; pp. 94–95; pp. 95–100

A–head: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism; Intergovernmental Relations; Diversity in Policy; Understanding Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.2; L.O. 3.3; L.O. 3.4; L.O. 3.5

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

107. Discuss how devolution impacted social service policy and legislation in the 1990s.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain devolution in detail with emphasis on the return of administrative power to the states.

2. Discuss the relationship between welfare reform and devolution with emphasis on the passage of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.

3. Explain the pros and cons of devolution, including the ability to experiment with state-specific solutions to social problems, and the difficulty of a subnational unit of government to tackle major social problems effectively.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

108. Explain how the federal government uses federal funding to indirectly imposeits will upon the states.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Describe fiscal federalism.

2. Define types of federal funding to the states and the ways in which the type of funding influences the amount of control the federal government has over the actions of states receiving the money.

Page Reference: pp. 84–94

A–head: Intergovernmental Relations

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.3

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

109. Explain why today’s federalism is or is not an effective form of government for the United States. Be specific in supporting your argument.

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Form a coherent argument with specific support.

2. Explain that the United States has a large and heterogeneous population with significant regional differences. A pro-federalist argument may state that the federalist system allows a large and diverse population to have unity without requiring uniformity; an anti-federalist or earlier federalist argument might highlight a removed or ineffective federal bureaucracy or a failure to address regional differences. On the positive side, federalism provides for effective representation of local interests, reduces conflict at the national level, encourages acceptance of losing elections, and increases the opportunities for citizens to participate in government and see their policy preferences reflected in law. On the negative side, federalism increases the opportunities for local interests to thwart national policy, can result in the election of a president not favored by a majority of the public, and complicates efforts to make government responsive.

3. Address problem-solving by state and national government.

4. Discuss issues of security and commerce.

Page Reference: 95–100

A–head: Understanding Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.5

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism

110. In what ways was Brown v. Board of Education a dispute between states’ rights and national power? 

Answer: An ideal response will:

1. Explain the holding of Brown v. Board of Education.

2. Analyze the tension between state and federal control over education.

3. Evaluate the role of federalism in the racial tensions of the 1950s.

Page Reference: pp. 75–76

A–head: Defining Federalism

Learning Objective: Edwards L.O. 3.1

Skill Level: Analyze It

Topic: Federalism