Deviance Conformity And Social Control in Canada 4th Edition By Tami M. Bereska – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

Chapter 5: “Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality

1) Within the Sambian society. men were given the option of engaging in same-sex

activities in order to explore their sexuality fully before entering marriage.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 122-123

Skill: C

2) The sociological study of sexuality is dominated by positivist theoretical perspectives.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 121

Skill: F

3) In Athens (5th century B. C.), “deviant” and “normal” sexuality were defined on the

basis of the needs and desires of aristocratic men.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 123

Skill: F

4) A number of Aboriginal cultures traditionally recognized more than two “sexes” and

“genders”.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 123-124

Skill: F5) Within the traditional belief system of some Aboriginal cultures, it was suggested that

from the beginning of time, it was meant that there should be people who are

homosexual.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 124

Skill: F

6) During the early years of European colonization in Canada, the Hudson’s Bay

Company encouraged sexual unions between European men and Aboriginal women.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 125

Skill: F

7) By the mid-19th century, laws prohibiting White/Aboriginal relationships began to be

repealed in many parts of Canada.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 125

Skill: F

8) During the Colonial era, sexually “deviant” men were more likely to be physically

punished (e.g. whipping), while sexually “deviant” women were more likely to be fined.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 127

Skill: F9) During the Colonial era, women were more likely to be treated as sexual “deviants”

than men were.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 127

Skill: C

10) The social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era was consistent across

genders, races, and classes.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 127-128

Skill: C

11) Throughout the 19th century, the culture industry both contributed to the growth of

the “sex industry” (e.g. pornography) and was a tool used to socially control sexual

deviance.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 129

Skill: C

12) The social purity movement directed its efforts primarily at the middle classes, while

the sex hygiene movement directed its efforts primarily at the lower classes.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 128-129

Skill: F13) All male immigrants to Canada in the 19th century were seen as a threat to white

women.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 130

Skill: C

14) Although the role of the State in regulating sexual deviance declined in the early 19th

century, by the end of the century its role had increased once again, due to the efforts of

moral entrepreneurs.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 130

Skill: F

15) In the early 20th century, stereotyped beliefs about the sexuality of black men and

Chinese men were part of Emily Murphy’s rationale for trying to restrict immigration to

Canada.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 130

Skill: F

16) The “Viagra culture” in which we currently live defines and controls the sexuality of

both men and women.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 131

Skill: F17) During the 1880s, Canadian law finally defined “sexual assault” as a crime even

within marriage.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 135

Skill: F

18) In some countries, homosexuality continues to be a crime punishable by death.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 138

Skill: F

19) As long as you and your partner are in agreement, the sexual acts that you engage in

are perceived by others as “normal”.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 140

Skill: C

20) Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that those who enter the industry

because of financial desperation, and initially hate their jobs, eventually say that the

money makes it worth it.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 142-143

Skill: F21) Among female exotic dancers, the boundaries of what they will and will not do with

customers become less flexible over time, as the dancers become disenchanted with the

industry.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 143

Skill: F

22) Interviews with female exotic dancers reveal that they use “counterfeit intimacy” to

create regular customers who keep coming back.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 144

Skill: C

23) In 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that obscenity should be defined by

harm rather than by community standards.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 147

Skill: F

24) The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled that laws prohibiting the possession of

“obscene” materials are a violation of the freedom of expression, but that it is a

reasonable violation of such freedoms in a democratic society.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 134

Skill: C25) One of the problems with research done on the effects of pornography is that the

results are often confounded with the moral/social agendas of the researchers/sponsors of

such research.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 135

Skill: F

26) Social processes have little influence over the definition of normal and deviant

sexuality.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 121

Skill: A

27) It is seen in various cultures that perceptions of deviance surrounding sexuality are

influenced by the cultural definitions of how many genders and sexes there are.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 124

Skill: C

28) There has been relatively little change in the definition of normal vs. deviant

sexuality in North America, despite the huge social changes that have happened.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 126

Skill: C29) Up until the 1980’s, the Canadian federal government attempted to purge

homosexuals from the public service on the belief that they were psychologically more

vulnerable to communist influence.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 137

Skill: F

30) Research about Iranian immigrants’ understandings of Canadian sexuality, and their

perceptions of Canada’s “sexual permissiveness”, utilizes which theoretical approach?

a. conflict

b. positivist

c. postmodern

d. interpretive

e. structural Marxist

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 122

Skill: A

31) According to Foucault, although homosexual activities have always existed,

homosexual identities only became possible with the development and acceptance of

which concept?

a. gender

b. heterosexuality

c. the self

d. intimacy

e. freedom

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 122

Skill: C

32) Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical perspective?

a. the manner in which elite discourses govern sexuality

b. the meaning of “the closet” to gays and lesbians

c. Iranian immigrants’ understandings and perceptions of Canadian sexuality

d. exotic dancers’ understandings of themselves and their jobse. the nature/nurture debate in relation to homosexuality

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 122

Skill: A

33) The sexual culture of ancient Athens (5th century B. C.) was based upon

a. religion.

b. power.

c. heterosexuality.

d. the marital relationship.

e. religion and the marital relationship.

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 123

Skill: C

34) Which of the following sexual activities was considered “deviant” in Athens in 5th

century B. C.?

a. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with their wives

b. aristocratic adult males engaged in anal intercourse with aristocratic adolescent males

c. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves

d. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with “foreigners”

e. aristocratic males engaged in sexual activities with slaves or “foreigners”

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 123

Skill: F

35) European explorers used which of the following terms as a derogatory reference to

the biological males who assumed female roles in some Aboriginal cultures?

a. nadleeh

b. hwame

c. alyha

d. les femmes du pays

e. berdache

Answer: e

Diff: Moderate

Type: MCPage Reference: 124

Skill: C

36) Which of the following statements describes perceptions of European/Aboriginal

relationships following the colonization of Canada?

a. such relationships were considered unacceptable during the early years of colonization,

but gradually became more accepted over time

b. Métis women were initially perceived as more “acceptable” as wives for white men,

but over time Aboriginal women came to be seen as more “acceptable” as wives

c. such relationships were considered acceptable during the early years of colonization,

but gradually came to be defined as unacceptable

d. such relationships were rare among early European settlers of Canada

e. such relationships were considered more acceptable following the development of

agriculture than they were during the fur trade

Answer: c

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 124-125

Skill: F

37) The dominant meaning of sexuality has changed in North America from the 17th

century to the 21st century. Which of the following lists consists of the correct

chronological order of these changes in meaning?

a. reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment; intimacy within marriage

b. intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage

c. intimacy within marriage; reproduction within marriage; personal fulfillment

d. reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage; personal fulfillment

e. personal fulfillment; reproduction within marriage; intimacy within marriage

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 126

Skill: C

38) Which of the following characteristics was part of the sexual culture of the 17th

century in Canada?

a. the practice of black slavery was closely intertwined with the control of sexuality

b. the social purity movement emerged

c. the sex industry showed considerable growth

d. self-control was the dominant theme in scientific contributions to sexual culture

e. none of the above are characteristics of the sexual culture of the 17th century

Answer: a

Diff: ChallengingType: MC

Page Reference: 126-127

Skill: C

39) In what ways was the sexuality of black people in Canada controlled within the

dominant sexual culture of the 17th and 18th centuries?

a. slave owners controlled which slaves were permitted to form intimate relationships

with whom

b. female slaves were valued for their reproductive capacities

c. certain male slaves were selected as “studs” to impregnate female slaves

d. laws prohibited free blacks from marrying outside their race

e. the sexuality of black people in Canada during this era was controlled in all of the ways

listed above

Answer: e

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 126-127

Skill: C

40) How was the social control of sexual deviance during the Colonial era (17th century)

embedded within social hierarchies?

a. men were more likely to be punished for sexual deviance than women were

b. women were more likely to be physically punished for sexual deviance, while men

were more likely to be given fines

c. greater scorn was directed at white men who had sexual relationships with black

women, than was directed at white women who had sexual relationships with black men

d. upper-class men were less likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but

upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given harsher sentences than lower-

class men were

e. upper-class men were more likely to go to trial for rape than lower-class men were, but

upper-class men who did go to trial were usually given more lenient sentences than

lower-class men were

Answer: b

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 126-127

Skill: C

41) During the late 18th century and early 19th century, what social changes occurred that

affected the dominant sexual culture of the time?

a. religious shifts transferred the responsibility for salvation from the individual to the

Church fathers

b. the doctrine of the “pursuit of happiness” was phased out of American, British, and

Canadian discoursec. the number of economically-based arranged marriages increased

d. urbanization and the growth of wage labour contributed to more anonymous lives

distanced from extended family and community surveillance

e. all of the changes listed above combined to affect the dominant sexual culture of the

time

Answer: d

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 127-128

Skill: F

42) During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, whose roles in the social control of

deviance sexuality increased?

a. women; the culture industry; the State

b. the State; the Church; the community

c. the medical profession; women; social reformers

d. the medical profession; the State; the culture industry

e. the Church, the medical profession; social reformers

Answer: d

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 128-129

Skill: C

43) A man is told by the doctor to reduce the frequency of sexual activity in his marriage,

in order to avoid illness. What era is this man most likely living in?

a. the Colonial era

b. the ear of the early fur trade (i.e. 16th and 17th centuries)

c. the 19th century

d. the late 20th century

e. 5th century B. C. Athens

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 126-129

Skill: A

44) At which of the following social groups were the efforts of the social purity or sex

hygiene movements primarily directed?

a. fallen women

b. lower classes

c. Indian and Chinese immigrants

d. Prostitutese. women in shelters

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 129

Skill: C

45) According to D’Emilio and Freedman (1997), by the early 20th century the dominant

meaning of sexuality in North America was

a. reproduction within marriage.

b. intimacy within marriage.

c. personal fulfillment within marriage.

d. personal fulfillment, regardless of marriage.

e. economic exchange within marriage.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 130

Skill: C

46) In date rape trials, which of the following criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality

is emphasized?

a. consent

b. nature of the sexual partner

c. nature of the sexual act

d. setting

e. frequency

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 133

Skill: A

47) What proportion of police-reported hate crimes in Canada is based upon sexual

orientation?

a. 3%

b. 10%

c. 25%

d. 48%

e. 72%

Answer: b

Diff: ModerateType: MC

Page Reference: 138

Skill: F

48) Which of the following accurately lists, in order, the top three motivations for police-

reported hate crimes in Canada?

a. (1) race/ethnicity; (2) religion; (3) sexual orientation

b. (1) religion; (2) race/ethnicity; (3) sexual orientation

c. (1) sexual orientation; (2) religion; (3) race/ethnicity

d. (1) sexual orientation; (2) race/ethnicity; (3) religion

e. (1) race/ethnicity; (2) sexual orientation; (3) religion

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 138

Skill: F

49) Sloan and Wahab (2004) identify four different types of exotic dancers. From which

type did they draw the following conclusion? “These were intelligent women who had

considered their own lives and their own realities.”

a. dancers

b. workers

c. survivors

d. non-conformists

e. they described all exotic dancers, regardless of type, in this way

Answer: e

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 142

Skill: C

50) Which of the following types of female exotic dancers (Sloan & Wahab, 2004) best

fits the victimization hypothesis?

a. escapists

b. workers

c. survivors

d. non-conformists

e. dancers

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 142

Skill: A51) Which of the following statements about female exotic dancers is TRUE?

a. they are subjected to the power of their customers

b. they are subjected to the power of their employers

c. they exert power over their customers

d. they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers

e. although they are subjected to the power of their customers and their employers, exotic

dancers also exert power over their customers

Answer: e

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 143-144

Skill: F

52) Which of the following criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality in contemporary

Canada is addressed within the “Viagra culture?”

a. setting

b. consent

c. frequency

d. nature of the partner

e. nature of the act

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 131

Skill: A

53) Which of the following statements is true?

a. because of the extreme misogyny in Sambian society, boys respond in an

overwhelmingly positive way to entering the all-male enclave

b. in ancient Athens (5th century B. C.), the overwhelming support for sexual

relationships between aristocratic men and adolescent males meant that formal social

controls for those relationships were absent in society

c. NAMBLA’s claims about sexuality have been so rejected in society, that the

organization has been forced to disband

d. the growth of the Internet has stimulated new questions about determining sexual

deviance

e. research about changing sexual cultures reveals all of the above statements to be true

Answer: d

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 149

Skill: F54) According to which type of definition would it be possible for a children’s toy

catalogue to be considered “pornography”?

a. genre definitions

b. labelling definitions

c. functional definitions

d. legal definitions

e. both functional and genre definitions

Answer: c

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 147

Skill: A

55) Within which type of definition of “pornography” are community standards a central

issue?

a. genre definitions

b. labelling definitions

c. functional definitions

d. legal definitions

e. both labelling and legal definitions

Answer: e

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 147

Skill: C

56) Which of the following concepts serves as the foundation for the Supreme Court of

Canada’s decision that prohibiting “obscene material” is a reasonable violation of

freedom of expression?

a. statistical rarity

b. harm

c. normative violation

d. societal reaction

e. both rarity and harm

Answer: b

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 148

Skill: A

57) Which of the following concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by

scientific research?a. the consumption of pornography causes men to sexually victimize women

b. pornography is harmful in that it has a negative impact on attitudes toward women in

society

c. pornography has a negative impact on the moral fibre of society

d. pornography interferes with the smooth-running of the social order

e. none of the above concerns is consistently and conclusively supported by scientific

research

Answer: e

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 148-149

Skill: F

58) The crime defined by the sexual touching of a body of someone under the age of 16 is

known as:

a. Sexual Assault

b. Sexual Interference

c. Invitation to Sexual Touching

d. Sexual Exploitation

e. Beastiality in the presence of a child

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 134

Skill: F

59) Which sexual act was decriminalized after Trudeau announced that “There’s no place

for the state in the bedrooms of the nation”?

a. Sex between minors

b. Homosexuality

c. Rape in marital relationship

d. Consenting sex between and adult over the age of 18 and a minor under the age of 18

but over the age of 14

e. Adulterous affairs

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 137

Skill: F

60) Through the continued efforts of the LGBT community, in 1996 sexual orientation

was added to which important Act?

a. Canada Labour Codeb. Income Tax Act

c. Human Rights Act

d. Family Rights

e. Canadian Health Act

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 138-139

Skill: A

61) Briefly describe what Foucault meant when he said that sexuality is governed by elite

discourses, drawing upon homosexuality as an example.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 122

Skill: C

62) Give two examples of how characteristics of a sexual culture may be intertwined with

hierarchies of gender, race, or class.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 122-131

Skill: A

63) Explain the ways that the following agents controlled sexual deviance during the 17th

century: (a) the family; (b) the community; and (c) the Christian Church.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 127-128

Skill: C/F

64) Explain how the construction of “normal” sexuality in ancient Athens (5th century B.

C.) was linked with power relations.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 136

Skill: C/F65) Explain how the “Viagra culture” in which we currently live is connected to the

construction of masculinity and femininity.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 140

Skill: C

66) Describe the three different definitions of pornography addressed in the chapter, and

give an example that illustrates each of the definitions.

Answer:

Diff: Easy

Type: ES

Page Reference: 146-147

Skill: C

67) Describe the informal and formal ways that homosexuality continues to be

stigmatized in today’s Canadian society. Provide an example for each.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 137-138

Skill: A/C

68) Describe the main issues behind the debates regarding whether adolescents who text

or email nude photos of themselves should be charged with child pornography.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 148

Skill: C

69) Consider the concept of the “deviance dance”, that is debate, negotiation, and

resistance surrounding the social typing process. Based on the material contained in this

chapter, describe three different ways in which the “deviance dance” is evident in the

realm of sexuality, either past or present.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 121-152Skill: A

70) Address the various ways that power is intertwined with the social typing of sexual

deviance, using examples.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 121-152

Skill: C/A

71) Contrast the ways that interpretive and critical theoretical perspectives approach the

study of sexuality, and provide examples of the types of research done from within each

perspective.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 121-122

Skill: C/A

72) Is exotic dancing a sexual act, and do the participants view themselves as victims?

Support your position using specific material from the textbook.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 142-146

Skill: C/A

73) Using the various definitions outlined in the textbook, create your own definition of

pornography. Include in your definition the concept of harmfulness and social control.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 146-147

Skill: C/A

74) Analyze and discuss the following statement from your textbook: “although each of

us

individually might perceive particular sexual acts as “kinky,” the ideology of privacy

limits contemporary social controls on sexual behaviours, particularly at a formal level”.

Do you agree or disagree with this statement. Please defend your position using theory.

Answer:Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 140

Skill: C