Contemporary Nursing Issues Trends And Management 4th Edition By Jacob – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

Cherry: Contemporary Nursing, 4^th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 5: Theories of Nursing Practice

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Which nursing theorist’s theory might the nurse use as a conceptual framework to determine how best to meet the needs of immigrants while ensuring provision of high-quality and culturally sensitive care?

ANS: D

Choice (D) is correct because Madeline Leininger proposed the Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality. This theory of transcultural nursing comprises concepts involving caring and the components of a cultural care theory: diversity, universality, worldview, and ethnohistory. (A) is incorrect because Martha Rogers’ theory is based on the nurse’s promoting synchronicity between human beings and the universe/environment. (B) is incorrect because Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Model facilitates client self-care by measuring the client’s deficit relative to self-care needs. (C) is incorrect because Hildegard Peplau’s theory identifies feelings of the patient as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness.

DIF: Application REF: Page 95

2.When reading Peplau’s theory, the nurse was unable to determine the relationships among concepts. The nurse listed each concept and drew lines denoting relationships to enable him to understand the effect of each element. The nurse created a(n)

ANS: B

(B) is correct because a model is a group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme. (A) is incorrect because a hypothesis asks the question that is to be the main focus of a theory. (C) is incorrect because a construct is similar to a concept; it is an idea or an object that can be “built” together with others into a theory. (D) is incorrect because a variable is an object, event, or person that has an impact on a theory.

DIF: Application REF: Page 89

3.The statement, “Nursing is a caring profession that focuses on assisting people to be as healthy as possible,” is an example of a

ANS: C

(C) is correct because a philosophy is the values and beliefs of the discipline.

(A) is incorrect because a concept consists of labels given to ideas, objects, and events; it is a summary of thoughts or a way to categorize thoughts or ideas. (B) is incorrect because a construct is a building part that combines with others to make up a theory. (D) is incorrect because a model is a group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 90

4.Einstein’s Theory of Relativity laid the groundwork for theories of mathematics, and Freud and Jung provided the basis for the philosophy of man. Which nursing theory served as the foundation for nursing science?

ANS: B

(B) is correct because Florence Nightingale investigated the impact of the environment on healing, and this serves as the foundation for nursing science. (A) is incorrect because Rogers in 1970 proposed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. (C) is incorrect because Watson’s Model of Human Caring is a holistic outlook, proposed in 1978, that addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills. (D) is incorrect because King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, proposed in 1971, addresses client systems and includes society, groups, and the individual.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 91

5.A community health nurse has been visiting a postpartum client who has suffered domestic violence throughout the pregnancy, and now the infant may be at risk. The nurse assisted the client in finding shelter and legal protection. The nurse’s role and the conceptual framework involved are

ANS: A

(A) is correct because in Roy’s Adaptation Model, when the client incurs an insult that renders him or her in need of environmental modification, the nurse will be the change agent in assisting the individual with this adaptation. (B) is incorrect because the role of translator is not needed, and Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing theory focuses on diversity, universality, worldview, and ethnohistory, none of which is needed in this situation. (C) is incorrect because Peplau’s Interpersonal Relationships Model explores the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the client and identifies the client’s feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness. This theory is not as pertinent in this acute situation. (D) is incorrect because Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings theory is one in which the nurse promotes synchronicity between human beings and their environment; it is not appropriate to this acute situation.

DIF: Application REF: Page 97

6.What are general explanations that scholars use to explain, predict, control, and understand commonly occurring events?

ANS: A

(A) is correct because theories are a group of related concepts that explain existing phenomena and predict future events. Theories provide us with a frame of reference, the ability to choose concepts to study, or ideas that are within one’s practice. (B) is incorrect because constructs are the events, ideas, or objects that make up a theory. (C) is incorrect because a system is an orderly collection of logically related principles, facts, or objects. (D) is incorrect because propositions are statements that propose the relationships between and among concepts.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 86

7.Which type of theory most often guides present nursing practice?

ANS: B

(B) is correct because Middle Range Theory is a nursing theory that refers to a specific population or to a specific situation, thereby making the theory easy to understand. An example of Middle Range Theory is the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms, which examines symptoms that are influenced by physiologic, psychologic, and situational factors as they relate to performance. (A) is incorrect because Grand Theory is broad in scope and may describe and explain large segments of human experience. (C) is incorrect because Developmental Theory is not a standard term applied to nursing theory. (D) is incorrect because Values Theory is not a standard term applied to nursing theory.

DIF: Knowledge REF: Page 90

8.A patient is hypertensive, and the doctor prescribes weight reduction. The patient is excited about beginning her diet, but when she arrives home and explains it to her husband, he states, “You have always been fat and I am not going to starve because you can’t control yourself.” The patient becomes anxious and is unable to participate in the diet plan, resulting in a weight gain of 5 pounds in 2 weeks. Which theorist could best be referred to for guidance regarding interventions in this situation?

ANS: B

(B) is correct because Hildegard Peplau’s theory describes Interpersonal Relations as a nursing process. Nursing intervention in Peplau’s model focuses on reducing related incapacitating stressors through therapeutic interpersonal interaction. (A) is incorrect because Martha Rogers’ theory is based on humans as energy fields that interact constantly with the environment. (C) is incorrect because Florence Nightingale’s theory of practice is based on environmental adaptation. (D) is incorrect because Myra Levine proposed the Conservation Model, which comprises four conservation principles of inpatient client resources: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity.

DIF: Application REF: Page 96

9.A nurse believes that humans use creativity and critical thinking to balance their connections with their surroundings. The nurse decides to conduct a study on the basis of this belief. Which nursing theory would be best for this study?

ANS: D

(D) is correct because Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings: Humans as Energy Fields That Interact Constantly With the Environment is a theory in which the nurse promotes synchronicity between human beings and their universe/environment. (A) is incorrect because Peplau’s theory explores the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the client and identifies the client’s feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness. (B) is incorrect because Roy’s Adaptation Model identifies the client’s adaptation to conditions by using environmental stimuli to adjust perception. (C) is incorrect because in Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Model, the nurse facilitates client self-care by measuring the client’s deficit relative to self-care needs.

DIF: Application REF: Page 96

10.A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident becomes blind. The nurse assists the patient to obtain a guide dog so that she may continue grocery shopping and visiting her friends and family. This enables the patient to cope with the handicap and perform activities of daily living. Which nursing theory can be applied to this scenario?

ANS: C

(C) is correct because in Orem’s Self-Care Deficit, the nurse implements measures to assist clients in meeting self-care needs by matching them with an appropriate supportive intervention. (A) is incorrect because Watson’s Model of Human Caring identifies 10 “carative” factors that are core to nursing. This holistic outlook addresses the impact and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills. (B) is incorrect because Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness identifies that negative perceptions due to the perceived illness will escalate and clients will suffer. The nurse’s responsibility is to reframe the client’s perceived loss of control and assist the client in developing new skills of assimilation and accommodation. (D) is incorrect because Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings is one in which the nurse promotes synchronicity between human beings and their universe/environment.

DIF: Application REF: Page 97

11.A young child is having abdominal pain, and the doctor informs the parents that a CAT scan of the abdomen will be ordered. The doctor tells the child, “This CAT scan won’t hurt you.” The child is visibly upset because of a fear of cats. According to Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory, which stage of the framework is represented?

ANS: A

(A) is correct because in the stimuli frame, the patient reacts to some stimuli in a negative manner. The nurse at this stage should listen carefully and then initiate, seek, and clarify concerns and questions. (B) is incorrect because the appraisal stage is when the patient applies a negative value to environmental conditions. (C) is incorrect because in the initiation of coping mechanisms stage, the individual uses coping skills to deal with negative environmental stimuli. (D) is incorrect because adaptation occurs as the nurse intervenes in the previous stage, and ideally, fear decreases.

DIF: Application REF: Page 99

12.The nurse researcher determines that her findings are substantial by calculating the level of significance. Which aspect of the scientific inquiry is being conducted?

ANS: D

(D) is correct because during evaluation, results are examined with the goal of determining the relevance of outcome data in answering the hypothesis; also, the significance of the data and the potential for future research are explored. (A) is incorrect because the hypothesis asks the question that is to be the main focus. (B) is incorrect because the method decides what data will be collected to answer the question. (C) is incorrect because data collection is a step-by-step procedure that is undertaken with the goal of answering the question.

DIF: Application REF: Page 87

13.A nurse who has practiced on an orthopedic unit for 10 years unexpectedly becomes pregnant. At delivery, the physician informs the mother, “Your baby has Alport syndrome, but then I don’t have to explain what that means with your medical background.” The mother is unsure and withdraws as a coping mechanism. Which nursing theory would provide a framework to guide nursing care for this mother?

ANS: A

(A) is correct because in Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness theory, the core position is that uncertainty in illness must be addressed. If left unheeded, negative perceptions will escalate and clients will suffer. Nursing responsibility based on this theory consists of reframing the client’s perceived loss of control, or uncertainty, and assisting the client in developing new skills of assimilation and accommodation. (B) is incorrect because in Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Model, nursing facilitates client self-care by measuring the client’s deficit relative to self-care needs. (C) is incorrect because Nightingale’s Canons of Nursing is an environmental adaptation theory. (D) is incorrect because Levine’s Conservation Model identifies four conservation principles of inpatient client resources (energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity).

DIF: Analysis REF: Page 98

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1.Which of the following would be categorized as concepts in relationship to nursing theory? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, B, C, E

Choices (A), (B), (C) and (E) are correct because each represents a concept, which is a label given to ideas, objects, or events; concepts become the “pieces” that make up a conceptual model or theory. (D) is incorrect because relevance refers to one criterion for theory acceptance and how well the theory relates to the scientific foundation from which it was derived.

DIF: Comprehension REF: Pages 89-90

COMPLETION

1.The basic ingredients of theory are ____________________.

ANS:

concepts

A theory is defined as a group of related concepts that explain existing phenomena and predict future events.

DIF: Knowledge REF: Page 88