Chapter 26 Asepsis and Infection Control

Chapter 26  Asepsis and Infection Control

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The second line of defense that leads to local capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration is known as:
a.
normal flora.
b.
inflammatory response.
c.
immune response.
d.
humoral immunity.

ANS: B
The second line of defense is the inflammatory response. Inflammation is a local response to cellular injury or infection that includes capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration. The immune response is the body’s attempt to protect itself from foreign and harmful substances. Humoral immunity is an adaptive immunity and normal flora is a group of non–disease-causing microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, protozoa) that live in or on the body.

DIF: Understanding REF: pp. 488-489 | p. 493
OBJ: 26.01 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care NOT: Concepts: Infection

2. The antigen-antibody reaction is an example of what type of immunity?
a.
Humoral
b.
Cellular
c.
Innate
d.
Passive

ANS: A
Humoral immunity is a defense system that involves antibodies and white blood cells that are produced to fight antigens. Cellular immunity involves defense by white blood cells against any microorganisms that the body does not recognize as its own. The innate (nonspecific) immune system provides immediate defense against foreign antigens. Passive immunity occurs when a person receives an antibody produced in another body.

DIF: Understanding REF: p. 489 OBJ: 26.01
TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
NOT: Concepts: Infection

3. The nurse administers an immunization consisting of antibodies against hepatitis B. The nurse knows this is a form of what type of immunity?
a.
Naturally acquired passive
b.
Naturally acquired active
c.
Artificially acquired passive
d.
Innate

ANS: C
The body did not have to work to develop the immunity; therefore, it is passive, and the patient was artificially exposed. It is not innate because it was provided. It was not naturally acquired because it was given in the vaccine.

DIF: Applying REF: p. 489 | p. 503 OBJ: 26.01
TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
NOT: Concepts: Infection

4. A disease-causing organism is known as:
a.
a pathogen.
b.
normal flora.
c.
a germ.
d.
a microorganism.

ANS: A
Infectious agents include any disease-causing agent and are called pathogens. They include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Normal flora is a group of non–disease-causing microorganisms that live in or on the body. A microorganism is bacteria, fungi, or protozoa.

DIF: Understanding REF: p. 490 | p. 492 | p. 497
OBJ: 26.01 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care NOT: Concepts: Infection

5. The nurse is explaining to the patient why she is receiving antibiotics. Her answer would be correct if she stated antibiotics are effective against which microorganism?
a.
Viruses
b.
Fungi
c.
Parasites
d.
Bacteria

ANS: D
Antibiotics are effective against bacteria, and exact antibiotic sensitivity is tested so that appropriate antibiotics are prescribed. Infections that are caused by fungi are treated with antifungal medications. Certain antiviral medications are used to manage the symptoms of a viral infection. These medications, if given during the early phases of illness, can decrease the amount of time that the patient has viral symptoms. Treatment for parasitic infections varies depending on type of parasite.

DIF: Applying REF: pp. 490-491 OBJ: 26.01 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care NOT: Concepts: Infection

6. The nurse anticipates correctly that what type of medication would be ordered to treat athlete’s foot?
a.
Antiviral
b.
Antibiotic
c.
Antihelminth
d.
Antifungal

ANS: D
The nurse would expect to treat athlete’s foot with an antifungal because it is a fungal infection. An antibiotic treats bacterial infections, antivirals treat viral infections, and antihelminth treats parasitic worms.

DIF: Applying REF: p. 491 OBJ: 26.02 TOP: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care NOT: Concepts: Infection

7. The nurse’s stethoscope most correctly represents which possible link in the chain of infection?
a.
Source
b.
Portal of exit
c.
Portal of entry
d.
Mode of transmission

ANS: D
The stethoscope would be a means for the pathogen to travel from source to host. The source is the reservoir or host. The portal of exit is where the pathogen escapes from the reservoir of infection, and the portal of entry is where the microorganism enters the susceptible host.

DIF: Applying REF: p. 491 OBJ: 26.02 TOP: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care NOT: Concepts: Infection