Chapter 21 Drugs Used to Treat Dyslipidemias

Chapter 21  Drugs Used to Treat Dyslipidemias

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which lipoprotein contributes to the development of atherosclerosis?
a.
Chylomicrons
b.
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
c.
Low-density lipoprotein chylomicron (LDL C)
d.
High-density lipoprotein chylomicron (HDL C)

ANS: C
The probability that atherosclerosis will develop is related directly to the concentration of LDL C. Chylomicrons are intermediate-density lipoproteins. VLDLs are not as important in the development of atherosclerosis as low-density lipoproteins. HDLs do not contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 324 OBJ: 1
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
NOT: CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Patient Education; Health Promotion

2. The nurse is preparing medications for a patient. When is the best time for the nurse to administer lovastatin (Mevacor)?
a.
2 hours after breakfast
b.
During the patient’s dinner
c.
1 hour before breakfast
d.
30 minutes before lunch

ANS: B
Lovastatin should be administered with food to enhance absorption, and in the evening, because this is when the production of cholesterol is at its highest. It is not recommended that lovastatin be taken after food but while eating to enhance absorption. Taking the medication a half hour or an hour before eating would not benefit the patient or enhance absorption.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 330 OBJ: 3
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
NOT: CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment

3. The nurse has completed an admitting patient history and notes the patient’s current medications to be simvastatin (Zocor) and warfarin (Coumadin). What is the result of the interaction of these drugs?
a.
Abdominal distention
b.
Increased INR
c.
Low serum level of simvastatin
d.
Hypertension

ANS: B
The combined therapy of simvastatin and warfarin may prolong the patient’s INR. Additional nursing assessments would include monitoring for possible overcoagulation and bleeding. Abdominal distention and a low serum level of simvastatin do not occur with the combined therapy of simvastatin and warfarin. Increased blood pressure is not a complication of combining simvastatin and warfarin therapy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 331 OBJ: N/A
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
NOT: CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Patient Education; Safety

4. Which deficiency may develop in patients taking cholestyramine?
a.
Potassium deficiency
b.
Sodium deficiency
c.
Vitamin K deficiency
d.
Hydrochloric acid deficiency

ANS: C
Patients on long-term bile acid-sequestering resin therapy may become deficient in fat soluble vitamins (i.e., D, E, A, K). Cholestyramine does not affect electrolyte levels or hydrochloric acid.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 326 | Page 327
OBJ: N/A TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity
NOT: CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Patient Education; Health Promotion

5. A patient is prescribed a bile acid resin. The nurse instructs the patient to report which adverse reaction related to vitamin K deficiency?
a.
Constipation
b.
Coffee-ground emesis
c.
Nausea
d.
Changes in skin pigmentation

ANS: B
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Signs and symptoms of a vitamin K deficiency include bleeding gums, bruising, dark tarry stools, and coffee-ground emesis (blood vomited from the stomach). Constipation, nausea, and a change in skin pigmentation are not signs of vitamin K deficiency.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 326 OBJ: N/A
TOP: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
NOT: CONCEPT(S): Clinical Judgment; Patient Education; Safety