America The Essential Learning Edition 1st Edition – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 05: The American Revolution, 1776-1783

TRUE/FALSE

1.The first conflicts of the American Revolution took place in South Carolina.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 155

OBJ: 1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War. TOP: Washington’s Narrow Escape

2.Thomas Paine’s pamphlet The American Crisis gave the colonists inspiration with the line, “These are times that try men’s souls.”

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 155

OBJ: 1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War. TOP: Washington’s Narrow Escape

3.Desertion was a big problem for Washington’s army during the Revolution.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 157

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.TOP:Winter in Morristown

4.Before the Revolution was over, the British were fighting the Spanish, the French, and the Dutch, as well as the Americans.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 161

OBJ:2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war.TOP:Alliance with France

5.In 1778, Parliament adopted a program that granted all the American demands made before independence.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 161

OBJ:2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war.TOP:Alliance with France

6.After 1778, most of the fighting in the Revolution was done in the South.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 164

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. TOP: The War Moves South

7.Benedict Arnold, originally a British officer, switched to the American side halfway through the war.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 167

OBJ:2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war.TOP:A War of Endurance

8.The Treaty of Paris granted the United States unquestioned claim to Florida.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 168

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. TOP: The Treaty of Paris (1783)

9.During the Revolution, Loyalists came exclusively from the elite ranks of society.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 171

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

TOP:Choosing Sides

10.Many Loyalists emigrated from the American colonies during and after the American Revolution.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 171–172

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

TOP:The Loyalists Flee

11.The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 174

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

TOP: The Articles of Confederation

12.Under the Articles of Confederation, some legislative measures required different majorities for approval.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 174

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

TOP: The Articles of Confederation

13.The Anglican Church became the Episcopal Church after the American Revolution.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 175

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

TOP:Freedom of Religion

14.Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 176

OBJ: 5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans. TOP: The Paradox of Slavery

15.During the war, Iroquois tribes like the Mohawks helped the Americans fight against the British.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 178

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.TOP:Native Americans and the Revolution

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Which of the following is not a challenge the British faced in fighting the American Revolution?

a.	Supplying the British troops
b.	The fact that the colonies were so far away
c.	The lack of a coherent strategy
d.	The wealth of British troops
e.	The diversity of the British forces

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 152

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Comparisons and Connections

TOP: Military History | Mobilizing for War MSC: Understanding

2.The British troops during the American Revolutionary War included all of the following groups except

a.	Hessians.
b.	Native Americans.
c.	Whigs.
d.	African Americans.
e.	American Loyalists.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | Mobilizing for War MSC: Applying

3.How did the British army supply its troops in the colonies?

a.	Supplies were shipped from Britain.
b.	They relied on the Native Americans for supplies.
c.	They foraged for supplies.
d.	Everything they needed was supplied by British Loyalists.
e.	The Germans supplied the needed provisions.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | Mobilizing for War MSC: Understanding

4.Which statement is incorrect regarding the Continental army during the American Revolution?

a.	The American troops lost often.
b.	The Patriots were well disciplined.
c.	The Continental army lacked funds.
d.	The American troops had few of the necessities needed to make war.
e.	Washington’s troops had little martial experience.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Comparisons and Connections

TOP: Military History | The Continental Army MSC: Applying

5.Of the following, which statement best describes the average Patriot soldier?

a.	Middle class artisans and merchants
b.	Disciplined volunteers
c.	Experienced, professional soldiers
d.	Poor farmers and former indentured servants
e.	Members of the upper class

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 152

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | The Continental Army MSC: Applying

6.Washington, as the army’s leader, believed that

a.	disciplined citizen-soldiers were the key to winning the war.
b.	a decisive and staggering victory was needed.
c.	the Native Americans’ allegiance would turn the tide.
d.	the Continental army should also hire mercenaries.
e.	all he had to do was wait for disease to decimate the British troops.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 153

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Military History | The Continental Army MSC: Analyzing

7.During the American Revolutionary War, the Iroquois Confederacy

a.	was divided in its policies toward the Patriots and British.
b.	allied with the British.
c.	allied the Continental army.
d.	remained neutral.
e.	withdrew to Canada for the duration of the war.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 153

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Interpretations

TOP:Military History | Native Americans and the Revolutionary War

MSC: Analyzing

8.General Howe, the British commander, believed he could defeat the Americans by

a.	cutting off outside support to the colonies.
b.	taking control of the countryside.
c.	offering the colonists money to switch sides.
d.	slowly wearing down the Continental army.
e.	defeating Washington and his troops in a single decisive battle.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 156

OBJ:1. Explain the challenges faced by both British and American military leaders in fighting the Revolutionary War.NAT:Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | Strategy of Evasion MSC: Understanding

9.All of the following were British generals during the Revolutionary War, except

a.	Thomas Gage.
b.	William Howe.
c.	Charles Cornwallis.
d.	John Burgoyne.
e.	Horatio Gates.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 158

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Military History | Setbacks for the British MSC: Remembering

10.The Battle of Saratoga was particularly significant because

a.	it demonstrated General Burgoyne’s incompetence.
b.	the outnumbered Americans defeated the superior British troops.
c.	it resulted in an alliance between the Americans and the French.
d.	this quick victory showed American superiority.
e.	the British routed the Americans.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 159

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Military History | The Campaign of 1777 MSC: Analyzing

11.After 1778, the following countries allied with the United States.

a.	Spain, Canada, and the Netherlands
b.	France, Spain, and Germany
c.	France, Spain, and the Dutch
d.	France, Spain, and the Netherlands
e.	France, Spain, and Canada

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 159

OBJ:2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Military History | The Alliance with France MSC: Remembering

12.In response to the Battle of Saratoga, Britain’s Lord North

a.	offered to surrender if the Americans would remain a part of the British Empire.
b.	offered to comply with earlier American demands in return for an end to the war.
c.	threatened to annihilate the Americans if they did not surrender.
d.	agreed to listen to the American complaints.
e.	allied with the Spanish.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 159

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Military History | The Alliance with France MSC: Evaluating

13.Which of the following was a bloodless victory for the Americans?

a.	Camden
b.	Charleston
c.	Cahokia
d.	Cowpens
e.	Kaskaskia

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 162

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP:Military History | War in the WestMSC:Understanding

14.According to your textbook, the Battle of King’s Mountain was significant because

a.	it was the first time family fought family in the conflict.
b.	it showed that the British could be defeated.
c.	the war became much more brutal after this battle.
d.	the battle raged for months and exhausted both sides.
e.	after this battle, the British found recruiting southern Loyalists almost impossible.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 165

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | The Battle of King’s Mountain MSC: Analyzing

15.The Battle of Yorktown

a.	was a combined Franco-American victory over the British.
b.	was won by General Cornwallis.
c.	would have been an American victory even without France’s aid.
d.	ended with General Cornwallis’s escape.
e.	saw the French fleet defeated.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 167

OBJ: 2. Identify key turning points in the Revolutionary War, and explain how they changed the direction of the war. NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Military History | Yorktown MSC: Applying

16.During the American Revolution, those loyal to the British crown were often called

a.	Patriots.
b.	Whigs.
c.	Tories.
d.	Hessians.
e.	Subjects.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 170

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Historical Documents TOP: Military History| Choosing Sides

MSC:Remembering

17.During the American Revolutionary War, colonists divided into which three groups?

a.	Tories, Patriots, and the undecided middle
b.	Tories, Loyalists, and King’s Men
c.	Patriots, Whigs, and Tories
d.	King’s Men, Tories, and the undecided middle
e.	Patriots, King’s Men, and Loyalists

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 170

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC: Applying

18.Which of the following segments of colonial American society did not find itself choosing a side during the American Revolution?

a.	English families
b.	English churches
c.	Hessians
d.	Native Americans
e.	African slaves

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 170

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC:Understanding

19.By the end of the American Revolution, all American Patriots realized

a.	a true democracy was impossible.
b.	the British monarchy could be modified.
c.	separation and republican government were the only true protections of liberty.
d.	being subjects of the British Crown was tolerable.
e.	that the revolution was treasonous.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 170

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC: Analyzing

20.Which statement among the following is most accurate?

a.	Loyalists were often city folk and Catholics.
b.	Loyalists were most often Philadelphians.
c.	Loyalists hated Anglicans.
d.	Loyalists came from all over the colonies, but especially seaports.
e.	Loyalists feared the English constitution.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 171

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC: Applying

21.Throughout the American Revolution, Loyalists did all of the following except

a.	fight for the British Army.
b.	pledge to aid the United States.
c.	flee to Canada.
d.	petition to remain part of the British Empire.
e.	pledge allegiance to Britain.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 171–172

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Historical Interpretations TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC: Applying

22.When Loyalists fled to Canada

a.	the American government compensated them for their lost property.
b.	they left all runaway slaves behind.
c.	their return was courted by the United States.
d.	the American government confiscated their abandoned property.
e.	their departure went unnoticed.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 172

OBJ: 3. Describe the ways in which the American Revolution was also a civil war.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Military History | Choosing Sides

MSC: Applying

23.As a result of the War for Independence, after the war

a.	Americans enjoyed more freedoms.
b.	Americans had fewer freedoms.
c.	Americans were much worse off.
d.	Americans’ lives were exactly the same.
e.	Americans noticed no changes.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 172–174

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Historical Period TOP: Military History | War as an Engine of Change

MSC: Applying

24.The government of the United States of America established by the revolutionaries is best described as

a.	a limited monarchy.
b.	an aristocracy.
c.	an oligarchy.
d.	a representative democracy.
e.	a direct democracy.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 173

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Historical Period TOP: Political History | Republican Ideology

MSC:Understanding

25.When the American Revolutionary War ended, the predominant type of government in Europe was

a.	monarchy.
b.	aristocracy.
c.	oligarchy.
d.	democracy.
e.	tyranny.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 173

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Historical Period TOP: Political History | Republican Ideology

MSC:Understanding

26.According to your textbook, the most unique result of the American Revolutionary ideology was

a.	the reduction in tariffs.
b.	the appearance of state governments and state constitutions.
c.	the appointment of state governors and councils.
d.	the increased powers of the state courts.
e.	the formation of a cohesive federal government.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 173

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Events and Processes TOP: Political History | State Governments

MSC: Applying

27.The national government, under the Articles of Confederation, could do all of the following except

a.	start a war.
b.	end a war.
c.	levy taxes.
d.	issue coinage.
e.	make treaties.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 174

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Political History | The Articles of Confederation

MSC: Evaluating

28.In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, Americans

a.	relied upon the English model of limited monarchy.
b.	turned to Europe for advice and financial aid.
c.	found society largely unchanged.
d.	embraced a new, energetic sense of nationality.
e.	offered equality to Native Americans.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 175

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Change and Continuity TOP: Social History | A Social Revolution

MSC: Applying

29.The concept of freedom of religion

a.	was always present in British colonies.
b.	appeared only after the start of the American Revolution.
c.	was copied from the French.
d.	included the Native American faiths.
e.	ignored Catholicism.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 175

OBJ: 4. Examine how the Revolutionary War was an “engine” for political and social change.

NAT: Events and Processes TOP: Civil Rights | Freedom of Religion

MSC:Understanding

30.Which statement regarding black participation in the American Revolution is most accurate?

a.	The American government rewarded slaves who fought with their freedom.
b.	All American states refused to let any black fight.
c.	The British kept their promises and freed thousands of runaway slaves who fought for them.
d.	Washington and Jefferson were comfortable with the idea of slaves fighting for America.
e.	American slave masters trusted their slaves to be loyal.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 176

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Social History | The Paradox of Slavery MSC: Applying

31.During the American Revolutionary War, the British tried to recruit African slaves to fight against their colonial masters. This policy

a.	worked well; hundreds of thousands of slaves were freed.
b.	convinced Patriots that slavery was wrong.
c.	only worked in the North.
d.	backfired as southerners took up arms to protect their property from the British.
e.	was stopped by the French.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 176–177

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Civil Rights | The Paradox of Slavery MSC: Applying

32.At the end of the American Revolution, all of the following held true for American women, except

a.	women could not vote.
b.	women could preach.
c.	women were less educated than men.
d.	women could not buy or sell property.
e.	women could hold elected office.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 177

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Divergent Viewpoint | The Status of Women MSC: Remembering

33.Of the following statements, which most accurately describes the status of women after the end of the Revolutionary War?

a.	All women found their lives greatly improved as a result of the war, especially politically.
b.	Women experienced no changes in status as a result of the war.
c.	As a result of the war, American women had fewer rights than ever before.
d.	Some women, as a result of the war, began to question their place in American society.
e.	The war made traditional gender roles even more appealing to women.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 177–178

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Change and Continuity

TOP: Divergent Viewpoint | The Status of Women MSC: Applying

34.During the American Revolutionary War, most of the Native American tribes

a.	chose to ally with the Americans.
b.	chose to ally with the British.
c.	chose to try and remain neutral.
d.	moved to new territories.
e.	saw their lives get better.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 178

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Change and Continuity

TOP:Divergent Viewpoint | Native Americans and the Revolution

MSC:Remembering

35.Patriot leader and future president John Adams believed that giving more rights to women

a.	would increase liberty within the American republic.
b.	would lead to blacks and Native Americans also demanding rights.
c.	would protect America’s future.
d.	was only logical.
e.	was necessary.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 178

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Divergent Viewpoint | The Status of Women MSC: Remembering

36.During the American Revolution, Abigail Adams wrote to her husband John and

a.	asked that women be given greater liberties and protections.
b.	asked for the right to vote.
c.	asked for easier access to divorce for women.
d.	asked for legal equality between all men and women.
e.	asked for an end to spousal abuse.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 178

OBJ:5. Compare the impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans, women, and Native Americans.NAT:Historical Documents

TOP: Divergent Viewpoint | Status of Women MSC: Remembering

ESSAY

1.Describe the challenges the American military leaders faced in the areas of finance, supplies, and troops during the Revolution. How did Americans attempt to solve these problems? How successful were they?

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

2.In what ways were the campaigns in the North different from those in the South?

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

3.Discuss the validity of the following assertion: “Without the cooperation of the French, American victory in the Revolution would not have been possible.”

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

4.Discuss the social effects of the Revolution. In what areas was the revolutionary promise or spirit most fulfilled? In what areas was it least fulfilled?

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

5.Describe the basic military strategy (or strategies) of the two sides during the Revolution. How might the British have been more successful?

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

6.Discuss the choices colonists had to make concerning which side to support during the American Revolution.

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

7.What were the turning points in the American Revolution? Discuss the changes that resulted and how they affected the direction of the war.

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

8.Write an essay discussing the challenges faced by the British military in the American Revolution. Why did the British ultimately lose the war?

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

9.Discuss the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolution. Describe the negotiations and terms of the treaty, as well as its future implications.

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

10.How revolutionary was the American Revolution? Discuss the political, social, and religious changes that resulted.

ANS:

Answer will vary.

PTS: 1

MATCHING

Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

a.	Provided Washington key assistance at Yorktown
b.	Wrote The American Crisis
c.	Held the army together at Valley Forge
d.	Was the American commander in the South known as the “fighting Quaker”
e.	Was a brutal British leader in the South
f.	Was a major American peace negotiator
g.	Lost at Saratoga
h.	Won at Saratoga
i.	Surrendered at Yorktown
j.	Ended Benedict Arnold’s plot and was hanged as a spy

1.General Cornwallis

2.John Burgoyne

3.Benjamin Franklin

4.Horatio Gates

5.Admiral de Grasse

6.George Washington

7.Thomas Paine

8.Nathanael Greene

9.Banastre Tarleton

10.John André

1.ANS:IPTS:1

2.ANS:GPTS:1

3.ANS:FPTS:1

4.ANS:HPTS:1

5.ANS:APTS:1

6.ANS:CPTS:1

7.ANS:BPTS:1

8.ANS:DPTS:1

9.ANS:EPTS:1

10.ANS:JPTS:1