Alcohol Other Drugs And Behavior 2nd Edition By Jung – Test bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 5

1. Drugs that must be absorbed through the stomach have a __________ impact whereas drugs that require inhalation have a _____________ impact on the brain. 

Quicker, slower

Lower, higher

Slower, quicker

Higher, lower

2. Smoking as a means of drug delivery is: 

very fast and produces potent effects on the brain

damages the lungs because of the high temperature

are weaker as they bypass the acidity of the stomach  

involves detoxification on its first pass through the body

3.The carbon monoxide (CO) produced by smoking cigarettes: 

binds to hemoglobin better than with oxygen 

increases delivery of oxygen throughout the body  

is reduced by combustion 

is known as second hand smoke

4. Match the following terms to their definitions 

5. Which of the following statements is not true? 

alcohol interferes with the release of neurotransmitters

alcohol causes neurotransmitter leakage from the synaptic vesicles

alcohol takes over the receptor sites that are normally stimulated by a specific neurotransmitter

alcohol increases neurotransmitter reproduction

6. Alcohol seems to be associated with higher levels of:

serotonin

norepinepherine

GABA

dopamine

7. Which 2 neurotransmitters are blocked by cocaine? 

Serotonin, dopamine

Epinephrine, serotonin

dopamine, epinephrine

GABA, dopamine

8. Dose-response curves for alcohol show all but: 

a. effect of increased doses generally is constant 

b. at low doses, effect is small, accelerates, and levels off at higher doses 

c. higher doses may lead to reduced response levels

d. effect of a given dose varies with age and gender 

9. Ions are electrically charged particles which: 

a.  create neural transmission through the cell 

b. help neurotransmitters cross into adjacent neurons 

c. exert inhibitory effects on ability of a cell to relay signals

d. all of the above 

10. All but which is true of neurotransmitters: 

a. activated by impulses from other neurons 

b. regulate flow of information among neurons 

c. can inhibit signal transmission

d. allow ions to cross the synapse

11. Alcohol disrupts the balance of the composition of the membrane so that: 

a.  passage of chemicals through the neurons is unaffected

b. chloride ion entry is increased by GABA

c.  glutamate allows more calcium ions into cells 

d.  N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are activated

12. Alcohol has all but which effect on neurotransmitters: 

a. dopamine increases, but drops with continued drinking 

b. norepinephrine is often higher with increasing arousal 

c. inhibition of beta-endorphins

d. serotonin is reduced by heavy alcohol use

13. Tolerance involves all but: 

a. lower effect of a given dose of a drug after continual use 

b. adverse reactions if one stops use of an often-used drug 

c. changes from using other drugs together

d. a tendency to increase the amount of a drug

14. Which of the following is not true about drug tolerance? 

a. increases in doses used after a few heroin use episodes 

b. reduced for amphetamines

c. can differ for different effects of a drug 

d. is relatively mild for cocaine

15. The opponent process theory states that drug use produces: 

an affective state which dissipates after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone opposite to what the drug produced

 an affective state which continues after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone opposite to what the drug produced

an affective state which dissipates after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone similar to what the drug produced

an affective state which continues after use and results in an aftereffect emotional tone similar to what the drug produced

16. Which model can be regarded as the neural version of the opponent process model? 

sensitization model

neural incentive sensitization model

incentive sensitization model

neural sensitization model

17. The average adult can oxidize one drink in approximately 

one hour

two hours

three hours

four hours

18. Depending on the drug, withdrawal symptoms generally start within:

4 to 6 hours

8 to 12 hours

12 to 24 hours

24 to 72 hours

19. All but which is true of withdrawal symptoms: 

a.  start 12 to 24 hours after a drug is no longer used

b.  can last up to several days 

c.  are treated with another drug from a different category

d.  are treated with another drug from the same category

20. A rebound effect of hyperexcitability occurs: 

a. with lower use levels of a drug 

b. when the effects of any drug wear off 

c. after stimulant drugs are taken

d. with depressants such as alcohol

21. All but which is true of nicotine’s effects:  

a. activates cholinergic receptors 

b. destroys neuropeptides

c. releases dopamine 

d. affects acetylcholine

22. Nicotine absorption across membranes:  

a. occurs in its non-ionized state or alkaline form 

b. is potent in an ionized state in an acid environment

c. is readily absorbed from the acidity of the stomach 

d. is ineffective in the mouth due to its acidity

23.  Caffeine: 

a.  is absorbed from the liver and distributed to body

b.  stimulates adenosine receptors 

c.  speeds reuptake of its neurotransmitters 

d.  inhibits central nervous system activity

24. Naloxone and naltrexone (ReVia®) are all but which:  

a.  antagonists that block the effects of opiate drugs 

b.  competing with opioids for their receptor sites

c.  neutralizers of opioids that reduce their effects 

d. equal in effectiveness

25. Methadone is: 

a. an endogenous opiate 

b. used for heroin addiction to develop aversions

c. an antagonist that competes for heroin receptor sites 

d. widely accepted for treatment of heroin users

26. Fetal alcohol syndrome in babies is distinguished by all of the following except:

elongated philtrum

sunken nasal nose bridge

cross eyed

small head circumference

27. During adolesence, fetal alcohol babies have all except which problem below:

cognitive

perceptual

information processing

      d.   obesity

28. A study comparing offspring of nondrinking mothers with those of mothers having an average of 1 or more drinks per day during pregnancy found the latter had all but. 

 a.  lower birth weight, 

 b.  smaller head circumference 

 c.  slower growth

 d. facial deformations

29. Newborns of women who abuse opiates during pregnancy show all but which: 

a. higher irritability 

b. permanent poorer motor control

c. poorer motor control that lasts about a month

d. withdrawal-like symptoms

30.  Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) involve all but the study of: 

a. larger samples in the general population 

b. only mothers who were heavy drinkers

c. long term development of the child 

d. a wider range of drinking levels 

31. The evidence on fetal cocaine effects is: 

a. clearcut proof that cocaine produces harm 

b. ambiguous because most cocaine users also drink 

c. ambiguous because drug abusers often have poor appetite and nutrition

d. b and c

32. Alcoholics, as compared with nonalcoholics, have: 

a. wider sulci (gaps between convolutions on the cortex)

b. smaller cerebral ventricles (cavities) 

c. changes different from those typical of aging

d. smaller brains 

33. All but which applies to the P300 wave

a.  occurs 300 milliseconds after a stimulus occurs 

b. has a 300-milliseconds duration

c.  is of lower amplitude in alcoholics

d.  measures processing of sensory input 

34. All but which applies to the metabolic breakdown of alcohol by the liver (Lieber, 1994): 

a.  involves alcohol dehydrogenase 

b. uses the portal systemic encephalopathy system

c.  uses the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system 

d.  oxidizes alcohol

35. Alcohol’s effect on the liver: 

a.  depends on the type of beverage

b.  is reversible

c.  reduces ability to clot blood

d.  occurs mainly for people with fatty livers

36. All but which are alcohol effects on functions of the endocrine system: 

a.  physical growth, response to stress

b. cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive functions

c.  red and white blood cell function

d.  production of cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen

37. Which of the following statements is true about drinking: 

1 to 2 drinks a day has been associated with less risk for heart disease

1 to 2 drinks a day has been associated with more risk for heart disease 

2 to 3 drinks a day has been associated with more risk for heart disease 

2 to 3 drinks a day has been associated with less risk for heart disease 

38. Chronic heavy alcohol use causes all but: 

a. buildup of fatty tissues in the liver

b. impaired liver metabolization of alcohol 

c. hepatitis or inflammation of liver tissue 

d. liver eliminates alcohol faster