Young Offenders And Youth Justice A Century After the Fact, 4th Edition by Sandra J. Bell – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 5: Explaining Crime and Delinquency: In the

beginning …

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.

According to the text, which of the following conditions of causality can best be

met by the processes in social sciences and criminology?

a. establish a time priority

b. establish a cause and effect relationship

c. establish that a relationship is non-spurious

d. establish that there is a relationship between concepts

ANS: D

2.

PTS: 1

REF: 134–135

BLM: Remember

How is “truth” viewed in the critique of positivism?

a. It is unbiased.

b. It is knowable in an objective sense.

c. It comes exclusively from the “subject”.

d. It is objectively discovered through the scientific method.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

REF: 131

BLM: Remember

5- 1

Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.Chapter 5: Explaining Crime and Delinquency: In the beginning …

3.

Which of the following is a central tenet of the classical school of criminology as

it pertains to human behaviour?

a. free will

b. psychology

c. social factors

d. the environment

ANS: A

4.

PTS: 1

REF: 132

BLM: Remember

How are theories of crime such as “The Born Criminal” and “Types of People”

classified?

a. sociological

b. psychological

c. positivist

d. classical

ANS: C

PTS: 1

REF: 137–138

BLM: Higher Order

5- 2

Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.Chapter 5: Explaining Crime and Delinquency: In the beginning …

5.

What do most modern biological theorists argue about biology and criminal

behaviour?

a. Criminality is genetically inherited.

b. Criminality is caused by feeblemindedness.

c. Criminality is a product of environmental factors.

d. Criminality is the result of social and biological interactions.

ANS: D

6.

PTS: 1

REF: 141–142

BLM: Remember

In an attempt to explain criminal and delinquent behaviour, what does

psychological positivism focus on?

a. environmental impacts

b. antisocial characteristics

c. social characteristics

d. psychological anomalies

ANS: B

7.

PTS: 1

REF: 138

BLM: Remember

Which of the following would be included among the psychological positivism

theories?

a. anomie

b. strain theory

c. social learning theory

d. social disorganization

ANS: C

PTS: 1

REF: 144, 146–147

BLM: Higher Order

5- 3

Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.Chapter 5: Explaining Crime and Delinquency: In the beginning …

8.

Which of the following psychological positivist theories lends itself to the

lawand-order approach to juvenile justice?

a. behaviouralism

b. antisocial personality

c. moral development

d. psychoanalytic

ANS: A

9.

PTS: 1

REF: 144

BLM: Higher Order

What criminological theory assumes that conformity is normal and delinquency

arises when one’s ability to meet cultural goals is limited?

a. strain theory

b. social disorganization theory

c. differential opportunity theory

d. differential association theory

ANS: A

10.

PTS: 1

REF: 147–148 BLM: Remember

Which of the following theories begins with the assumption that unless people are

constrained in some way, they will behave on the basis of self-interest?

a. control theory

b. consensus theory

c. drift and delinquency theory

d. differential association theory

ANS: A

PTS: 1

REF: 152

BLM: Remember

5- 4

Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.Chapter 5: Explaining Crime and Delinquency: In the beginning …

11.

According to Hirschi (1969), what must be present in a young person’s life to

prevent them from engaging in delinquent behaviour?

a. self control

b. social bond

c. social consensus

d. social control

ANS: B

12.

PTS: 1

REF: 152–153 BLM: Remember

From Cohen’s (1955) study of lower-class youth, how was delinquent behaviour

understood?

a. A result of ritualism.

b. A result of innovation.

c. A result of frustration or “reaction formation”.

d. A result of youth’s limited avenues to success.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

REF: 148–149

BLM: Remember

5- 5

Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd.