Window on Humanity A Concise Introduction to General Anthropology 8th Edition Conrad Kottak – Test Bank

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Chapter 05 – The Primates

Chapter 05

The Primates

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ________ indicate(s) a shift from smell to sight as the primates’ most important means of

obtaining information.

A. Bipedalism

B. Meat-eating

C. Larger females

D. Fingernails

E. Stereoscopic vision

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

2. The earliest known primate skeleton was found in ________, supporting the view that the

first primates evolved here.

A. Africa

B. Europe

C. the western continents

D. Asia

E. Australia

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

3. A(n) ________ is NOT a hominoid.

A. gibbon

B. lemur

C. human

D. orangutan

E. siamang

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

4. ________ is/are used as a basis for assigning organisms to the same taxon.

A. Anthropometrics

B. Homologies

C. Similarities that evolved as a result of adaptation to similar selective forces

D. Analogies

E. All phenotypic similarities

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

5. Which of these provides an example of analogies?

A. the mammary glands of dogs and cats

B. similarities in chromosomal DNA between apes and humans

C. five-digited hands and feet among baboons and macaques

D. porpoise fins and fish fins

E. bony eye sockets in chimps and gorillas

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Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

6. ________ are traits that organisms have inherited from a common ancestor.

A. Analogies

B. Homologies

C. Phenotypes

D. Alleles

E. Meioses

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

7. ________ is NOT an adaptive trend in anthropoids.

A. Stereoscopic vision

B. Enhanced sense of touch

C. Grasping hands and feet

D. Decreased sociality

E. Increased brain complexity

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Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

Topic: Primatology

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

8. Ancient anthropoids began to have fewer offspring that required longer and more attentive

care, which selected for

A. pair bonding.

B. a greater capacity for brachiation.

C. a diet focused on nuts and tubers.

D. increased reliance on arboreality (life in trees), which protected offspring from predators.

E. support from a social group.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

9. The classification of organisms based on their relationships and resemblances is known as

A. taxonomy.

B. primatology.

C. chronology.

D. homology.

E. analogy.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

10. The great apes include

A. baboons, gibbons, and chimpanzees.

B. gorillas, gibbons, and chimpanzees.

C. gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans.

D. macaques, baboons, and gibbons.

E. orangutans, siamangs, and gorillas.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

11. Lemurs live primarily in

A. Madagascar.

B. Indonesia.

C. Europe.

D. Japan.

E. Central America.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe the difference between and the separation of the Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini primate suborders.

Topic: The primate suborders

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

12. Prehensile (grasping) tails are characteristic traits of

A. Old World monkeys.

B. New World monkeys.

C. pongids.

D. lemurs.

E. tarsiers.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

13. The Stepsirrhini primate suborder includes ancestors of

A. lemurs, gibbons, and siamangs.

B. Old and New World monkeys.

C. lemurs and Old World monkeys.

D. lemurs and lorises.

E. the lesser apes.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe the difference between and the separation of the Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini primate suborders.

Topic: The primate suborders

14. ________ do NOT have tails.

A. New World monkeys

B. Monkeys

C. Apes

D. Lemurs

E. Tarsiers

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

15. Apes have longer arms than legs, which is adaptive for

A. brachiation.

B. knuckle-walking.

C. foraging.

D. grooming.

E. physical defense.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

16. The largest (known) primate that ever lived is

A. Giganto erectus.

B. Toumai.

C. Gigantopithecus.

D. Orrorin tugenensis.

E. the gorilla.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

sample of extinct primates.

Topic: Defining the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era

Learning Objective: Know the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era, and why the fossil record does not provide a representative

17. Which of these statements best describes terrestrial monkeys?

A. They are smaller than arboreal monkeys.

B. They have prehensile tails.

C. They do not have tails.

D. They have more sexual dimorphism than arboreal monkeys.

E. The core social group is made up of males.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

18. ________ is the greatest threat to endangered primates.

A. Uniformitarianism

B. Directional selection

C. Intragroup predation

D. Mutation

E. Deforestation

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe the threats facing endangered primates around the world.

Topic: Threats facing endangered primates

19. Which of these statements best describes the situation of orangutans in Indonesian

Borneo?

A. Their numbers have been increasing since widespread conservation efforts started in the

1980s.

B. Their habitat has been reduced by more than 50 percent over the last 20 years.

C. Their primary threat is being hunted due to interference with agricultural crops.

D. Their native habitat is savanna, so their numbers are decreasing after they were transported

to forested Indonesian Borneo.

E. Due to the ease of studying them, since they are large, many research projects have

centered around them since the 1980s.

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

20. The earliest hominoid fossils date to just before the _______ epoch.

A. Oligocene

B. Miocene

C. Pliocene

D. Pleistocene

E. Holocene

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

21. The only primates that are NOT endangered, or soon to be endangered, are

A. orangutans.

B. chimpanzees.

C. gorillas.

D. humans.

E. no primate species are currently endangered.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe the threats facing endangered primates around the world.

Topic: Threats facing endangered primates

22. ________ coexisted with Homo erectus in Asia.

A. Afropithecus

B. Kenyapithecus

C. Gigantopithecus

D. Sivapithecus

E. Dryopithecus

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

sample of extinct primates.

Topic: Defining the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era

Learning Objective: Know the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era, and why the fossil record does not provide a representative

23. Which of these statements about bonobos is FALSE?

A. Bonobos are considerably smaller than common chimpanzees.

B. Bonobos live in forested areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

C. Bonobos live in female-centered groups.

D. Bonobos are notable for the frequency with which they have sex.

E. Bonobos use sexual activity to avoid conflict.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

24. Anthropologists are most interested in the ________ era.

A. Mesozoic

B. Cenozoic

C. Paleozoic

D. Archaean

E. Proterozoic

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

25. The primate group ________ thrived in the Eocene.

A. apes

B. Old World monkeys

C. New World monkeys

D. humans

E. tasier-like haplorrhines

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe the difference between and the separation of the Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini primate suborders.

Topic: The primate suborders

26. The ________ of Old World monkeys appears beginning in Oligocene primates.

A. forward-facing eyes

B. prehensile tails

C. 2.1.2.3 dental pattern

D. larger brain-to-body size ratio

E. opposable thumbs

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

27. The Pierolapithecus catalaunicus is

A. the first bipedal hominin.

B. the first primate of the Paleocene.

C. a possible Oligocene common ancestor of New World and Old World monkeys.

D. a possible Miocene common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

E. the first arboreal primate.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

sample of extinct primates.

Topic: Defining the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era

Learning Objective: Know the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era, and why the fossil record does not provide a representative

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

Essay Questions

28. List the epochs in the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic era. Describe the important aspects

of primate evolution that occurred in each of the first four epochs.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

29. Discuss the major trends in primate evolution. Identify some traits that are most

characteristic of primates. Explore whether the primate suborders differ in terms of adaptive

trends.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Apply

Learning Objective: Describe the difference between and the separation of the Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini primate suborders.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

30. Discuss the various forces that are endangering primates around the world. List specific

steps that could protect primate species.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe the threats facing endangered primates around the world.

Topic: Threats facing endangered primates

31. Define and give examples of homologies and analogies. Identify whether homologies or

analogies are important for taxonomy and why.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

32. List the similarities and differences among the five types of apes. Include such traits as

locomotion, social organization, and sexual dimorphism.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

33. Identify the general trends in hominoid evolution during the Miocene. List the important

hominoid traits that appeared during this epoch.

Answer: Answers will vary.

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Know the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era, and why the fossil record does not provide a representative

sample of extinct primates.

Topic: Defining the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

True / False Questions

34. Homologies are similarities between two species that were inherited from a common

ancestor.

TRUE

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

35. Analogies are similarities that are shared by organisms belonging to the same genus.

FALSE

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Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe how the human relationship to other primates is represented in zoological taxonomy.

Topic: Defining the human relationship to other primates in taxonomy

36. Opposable thumbs evolved as early primates adapted to terrestrial life.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

37. A high level of parental investment characterizes primates because most primates give

birth to a single offspring.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

38. The earliest primates represented in the fossil record were similar to New World

monkeys.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

39. The catarrhines include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

40. Sexual dimorphism tends to be more pronounced in terrestrial primate species.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

41. Orangutans are found mostly in Madagascar.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

42. Chimpanzee social networks involve complex dominance relationships.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

43. As a result of conservation efforts, few primate species are endangered today.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe the threats facing endangered primates around the world.

Topic: Threats facing endangered primates

44. Like apes, most monkeys have longer arms than legs.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Know the differences between New World and Old World monkeys.

Topic: Understanding the differences between New World and Old World monkeys

45. Gorillas typically live in social groups, each headed by a silverback male.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the different types of apes.

Topic: Defining the apes

46. A primary trend in primate evolution involves a shift from sight to smell as the most

important means of obtaining information.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

5-10

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

47. Most primates are exclusively carnivorous (meat-eating).

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

48. Primates evolved to have stereoscopic vision, which allowed them to see in depth.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

49. The process by which analogies are produced is known as convergent evolution.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

50. Because they are nocturnal, tarsiers do not directly compete with anthropoids which are

diurnal.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Describe the difference between and the separation of the Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini primate suborders.

Topic: The primate suborders

51. Proto-monkeys became the most numerous primates during the Oligocene epoch.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Learning Objective: Classify the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys.

Topic: Defining the Early Cenozoic primates and the Oligocene proto-monkeys

52. The U.S. Congress has continued to reauthorize the Great Apes Conservation Fund, which

goes toward preservation of the diversity of apes in the wild.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Understand

Learning Objective: Describe the threats facing endangered primates around the world.

Topic: Threats facing endangered primates

53. Proconsul had apelike teeth and an apelike body.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

sample of extinct primates.

Topic: Defining the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era

Learning Objective: Know the primary periods and epochs of the Cenozoic era, and why the fossil record does not provide a representative

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Primates

54. Anthropologists use primatology to make inferences about the early social organization of

hominids.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom’s: Remember

Topic: Primatology

Learning Objective: Recall the scope and subject matter of primatology and its specific relationship to the discipline of anthropology.

5-12

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McGraw-Hill Education.