Pay And Download
Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Posted Below
Multiple Choice
1. The tendency to desire and seek out positive outcomes and avoid negative ones would best be considered a(n) ____.
a. emotion
b. thought
c. motive
d. instinct
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
2. Jameel has a desire to learn as much about psychology as he can. Psychologists would call this desire a(n) ____.
a. emotion
b. thought
c. motive
d. instinct
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
3. Motivation is best be defined as a(n) ____.
a. b. c. biological drive to avoid hunger, thirst, and sexual deprivation
learned tendency to seek out rewards
innate need for arousal and stimulation
d. tendency to desire or seek out positive outcomes and avoid negative ones
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
4. Wanting to get a college education is an example of a(n) ____.
a. emotion
b. motive
c. hunger
d. dutifulness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5. Suppose you lost the ability to be motivated in every way. What would likely happen to you?
a. Nothing much. You would be fine.
b. You would be happier and free of stress.
c. You would sleep all the time.
d. You would be unable to take care of your basic needs.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply6. Innate impulses from within a person that direct or motivate behavior are called ____.
a. instincts
b. emotions
c. secondary drives
d. ideas
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
7. One criticism of William James’s theory of instincts is that
instincts.
____
seems to be eligible for inclusion in the list of possible
a. very few behaviors
b. almost every behavior
c. only biological-related behaviors
d. only social behaviors
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
8. Instinct theory as an explanation of motivation would best be considered a
a. sociological
b. learning
c. biological
d. cognitive
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
____
theory.
9. The earliest theory to explain human motivation was ____.
a. drive theory
b. arousal theory
c. incentive theory
d. instinct theory
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
10. Which theorist proposed that human motivation was best explained by biological instincts?
a. Abraham Maslow
b. John Watson
c. William James
d. Wilhelm Wundt
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand11. Hannah is a psychologist who believes that motives are innate tendencies that direct our behavior. Hannah’s belief is
most compatible with which theory of motivation?
a. drive-reduction theory
b. instinct theory
c. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
d. incentive theories of motivation
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
12. Helena works for a fast food restaurant, and for the last three months, she has been named the employee of the month.
In psychological terms, Helena appears to have a great deal of
____
to succeed at her job.
a. insight
b. motivation
c. hunger
d. dutifulness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
13. The drive theory of motivation states that drives are ____.
a. innate instincts that push us toward specific behaviors
b. negative states that we are motivated to reduce
c. positive states that we are motivated to increase
d. learned reactions stemming from social incentives
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
14.
____
drives are to biology as
____
drives are to learning.
a. Primary; secondary
b. Secondary; primary
c. Homeostatic; primary
d. Primary; homeostatic
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
15. The motivation to engage in sexual activity is typically accompanied by a desire to increase, rather than decrease,
sexual arousal. Which theory of motivation would have the greatest difficulty explaining this desire?
a. drive theory
b. incentive theory
c. cognitive theory
d. arousal theory
ANSWER: aREFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
16. The need for
____
is a secondary drive.
a. food
b. water
c. money
d. warmth
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
17. What is the correct sequence of events according to drive reduction theory?
a. need, behavior, and drive
b. drive, need, and behavior
c. need, drive, and behavior
d. behavior, drive, and need
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
18. The concept of homeostasis is most closely associated with ____.
a. arousal theory
b. incentive theory
c. primary drives
d. secondary drives
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
19. Dr. Williams is a psychologist who believes that motivation is produced when we feel an uncomfortable internal state
that pushes us to find a way to feel better. Dr. Williams’ belief is most compatible with which theory of motivation?
a. drive-reduction theory
b. instinct theory
c. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
d. incentive theories of motivation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
20. Our motivation to sleep can be explained by drive theory because it seems to ____.
a. stem from an innate instinct
b. c. d. occur in response to learned incentives
correspond with a need to increase nervous system arousal
involve a negative feedback loopANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
21. Which item is the best analogy to a primary drive?
a. a toaster
b. a computer
c. a thermostat
d. a TV
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
22. When you do not drink any fluids for several hours, your body sends information to your brain, causing you to be
motivated to drink. This process is best explained by ____.
a. instinct theory
b. incentive theory
c. drive-reduction theory
d. arousal theory
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
23. Feeling the urge to go to the bathroom is a good example of ____.
a. a secondary drive
b. a primary drive
c. Maslow’s highest level of the hierarchy
d. Maslow’s second level of the hierarchy
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
24. Those who view motivation as a drive distinguish between primary drives, which are ____, and secondary drives,
which are ____.
a. important; unimportant
b. biological; learned
c. cognitive; emotional
d. fulfilled by ourselves; fulfilled by the actions of others
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
25. The concept of drive reduction best explains
a. learned
____
b. secondary
c. instinctual
drives.d. primary
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
for the
26. The fact that we sometimes eat when we are not hungry in the biological sense of requiring more energy is a problem
____
theory of motivation.
a. drive-reduction
b. arousal
c. incentive
d. classical
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
27. Maintaining bodily processes at a state of equilibrium is known as achieving ____.
a. homeostasis
b. homogeneity
c. arousal
d. impulse control
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
28. Negative feedback loops help to ____.
a. dampen down the tendency for change
b. promote instability
c. increase the tendency for change
d. limit negative emotions
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
29. Secondary drives ____.
a. are learned
b. need to be met in order to survive
c. are innate
d. are biological
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
30. Drive reduction theorists developed the notion of secondary drives to help explain ____.
a. behaviors that are not directly related to survival
b. thrill-seeking behaviors
c. the desire to procreated. behaviors that are innate, but not necessary for survival
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
31. Which statement is TRUE with regard to secondary drives?
a. b. c. d. They are more important to human survival than primary drives.
They fall under the arousal theory of motivation.
They are explained quite adequately by the drive reduction theories of motivation.
They tend to be expressed quite differently across individuals.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
32. Drive theory and arousal theory both suggest that motivation has its roots in ____.
a. learning
b. mental processes
c. emotions
d. biology
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
33. The arousal theory of motivation would have the easiest time explaining why a person would ____.
a. ride a roller-coaster
b. eat a meal
c. study hard for a test
d. drink water
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
34. According to arousal theory, those who engage in physical activities that are extremely risky or dangerous are ____.
a. attempting to reduce physical tension
b. seeking high levels of physiological arousal
c. fulfilling an instinctual need
d. satisfying a social desire to compete with others
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
35. Arousal theories of motivation state that ____.
a. b. c. arousal drives us toward engaging in survival-related behaviors
we all seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal
we are all motivated to maximize our arousal
d. arousal drives are driven by society, not the individualANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
36. Most people perform best when arousal is ____.
a. absent
b. low
c. moderate
d. high
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
37. The idea that people perform best when arousal is moderate is captured by the ____.
a. James-Lange theory
b. Schachter-Singer law
c. Yerkes-Dodson curve
d. self-determination model
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
38. Karl is batting in a championship baseball game with the bases loaded, two outs, and the winning run on third base
with the crowd screaming. Karl is anxious and sweating. According to arousal theory, he is likely to show ____.
a. underarousal
b. overarousal
c. no arousal
d. optimal arousal
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
39. Rick loves to ski, surf, race cars, and engage in extreme sports. Rick’s optimum level of arousal is likely found in
____.
a. highly arousing situations
b. moderately arousing activities
c. mildly arousing activities
d. non-arousing situations
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
40. Guillermo feels best when he is sitting in a Japanese garden feeding the koi in the ponds. Knowing what you know
about arousal and motivation, at what level of arousal will Guillermo most likely perform his best?
a. b. a level of arousal that is below average
a level of arousal that is highly above averagec. d. an average level of arousal
an above average level of arousal
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
41. Sheena loves to bungee jump, drive fast, and go to parties. According to arousal theory, Sheena is probably a(n) ____.
a. sensation-seeker
b. c. individual who has trouble achieving homeostasis
person who lacks impulse control
d. self-actualized woman
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
42. Your motivation to study hard in school in order to get good grades and prepare for a career would be best explained
by ____.
a. self-determination theory
b. drive theory
c. arousal theory
d. instinct theory
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
43. Autonomous motivation is analogous to the term
____
a. extrinsic; intrinsic
b. intrinsic; extrinsic
c. negative feedback; positive feedback
d. positive feedback; negative feedback
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
while controlled motivation is analogous to the term ____.
44. Incentive theories of motivation differentiate between intrinsic motivation, which comes from
extrinsic motivation, which comes from
sources.
____
a. biological; environmental
b. primary; secondary
c. cognitive; emotional
d. internal; external
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
sources, and
____
45. Doing a job well because you get to experience a sense of pride in your accomplishments is a good example of
____
motivation.a. extrinsic
b. arousal
c. intrinsic
d. drive
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
46. Working hard to improve your basketball skills in order to be selected to the all-star team is a good example of
____
motivation.
a. arousal
b. extrinsic
c. drive
d. primary
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
47. Which theorist developed a hierarchy of needs to explain the different priorities we may assign to aspects of human
motivation?
a. Abraham Maslow
b. Carl Rogers
c. Sigmund Freud
d. B.F. Skinner
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
48. Which sequence represents the correct order in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a. safety, cognitive, aesthetic, physiological, esteem, belongingness, self-actualization, transcendence
b. self-actualization, safety, aesthetic, esteem, cognitive, belongingness, transcendence, physiological
c. physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, transcendence
d. belongingness, transcendence, esteem, cognitive, self-actualization, aesthetic, safety, physiological
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
49. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our basic physiological and security needs, we can begin to work on
our
needs.
____
a. biological
b. cognitive
c. safety
d. belonging
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand50. The most accurate way to view Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is in the form of a ____.
a. circle
b. pyramid
c. square
d. line
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
51. According to Maslow, which need is the MOST basic?
a. self-actualization
b. esteem
c. cognitive
d. aesthetic
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
52. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our esteem and cognitive needs, we can begin to work on our
____
needs.
a. belonging
b. aesthetic
c. safety
d. security
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
53. A person who strives to do his or her best at whatever challenge they are faced with would most likely be fulfilling
Maslow’s
needs.
____
a. achievement
b. competency
c. self-actualization
d. integrity
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
54. Research on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has ____.
a. provided support for the view that lower needs must be fulfilled before attention can be given to higher order
needs
b. provided support for the view that as lower needs are satisfied, higher order needs are automatically
addressed
c. not provided much support for its major hypotheses
d. provided support for the idea of a hierarchy but failed to confirm the existence of the needs he proposed
ANSWER: cREFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
55. Contrary to Maslow’s beliefs about motivation, ____.
a. there appears to be only three different types of motives
b. emotions seem to be separate and distinct from motives
c. most motives occur along with other motives and not in isolation to each other
d. people often seek to fulfill “higher” needs while depriving themselves of “lower” needs
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
56. The pursuit of self-actualization while depriving oneself of love ____.
a. would be inconsistent with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
b. is impossible according to most motivation theorists
c. is one of the most common causes of depression
d. would provide evidence for the incentive theory of motivation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
57. Advertisers could effectively use Maslow’s theory by ____.
a. using flashy images to sell products
b. taking the needs of the audience into account
c. appealing to the emotions of the audience
d. making their ads memorable, but subtle
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
58. Compared to the average person, the late Mother Teresa was probably more motivated by ____.
a. belongingness needs
b. love needs
c. physiological needs
d. self-actualization needs
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
59. You are giving a presentation to your sales department about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, when someone
asks you if there is much scientific support for this theory. What is the best response to this question?
a. “Yes, the majority of studies support this theory.”
b. “Maybe; there is limited scientific support for this theory.”
c. “No, study has ever shown support for this theory.”
d. “No, this theory has not been tested yet by researchers.”
ANSWER: bREFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
60. Abraham Maslow believed that after satisfying our belongingness and esteem needs, we can begin to work on our
needs.
____
a. biological
b. emotional
c. safety
d. cognitive
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
61. The goal of hunger is ____.
a. to motivate us to pay attention
b. a secondary motive
c. to maintain homeostasis
d. based on a positive feedback loop
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
62. Hunger is described well by drive theories of motivation because hunger ____.
a. helps maintain homeostasis in the body
b. is a secondary motive
c. is instinctual
d. is influenced by learning and cultural factors
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
63. According to drive theory, we should not feel hungry when ____.
a. we are more tired than hungry
b. we have adequate fuel and nutrients in our bodies
c. we are highly aroused
d. our minds are engaged in challenging tasks
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
64. You are giving a lecture on negative feedback loops to a group of high school students. Which analogy for negative
feedback would be most effective in your lecture?
a. a stick of dynamite—you light the fuse and then it explodes
b. a runaway train, picking up speed as it travels downhill until it derails and crashes
c. scratching a mosquito bite and having it itch more and more
d. the gas gauge on a car—it monitors the amount of gas and warns you when you are almost outANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
65. A furnace set at 72 degrees is a good analogy for which bodily process?
a. an instinct
b. a negative feedback loop
c. the endocrine system
d. an emotion
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
66. Like a thermostat, our brain turns hunger on and off in order to maintain
a. arousal
b. competition
c. homeostasis
d. relaxation
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
____
in our body.
67. If you are hungry, your body’s awareness of that motivation was made possible through a(n)
a. centrifugal
b. endless
____
loop.
c. one-way
d. negative feedback
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
68. A set point refers to ____.
a. the weight that the body naturally seeks to maintain
b. ideal body weight for one’s age, gender, and body type
c. the number of calories needed to maintain one’s weight
d. the weight an individual would prefer to have
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
69. The fact that homeostasis regulates hunger has led psychologists to conclude that the ____.
a. b. c. d. body is more likely to guard against obesity than starvation
body naturally attempts to maintain a set point of weight
weight of most people will fluctuate dramatically across their lifetime
stomach must be the ultimate source of all hunger
ANSWER: bREFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
70. Having a set point may explain why we ____.
a. obsess over weight
b. tend to regain pounds that have been lost
c. cannot agree on what a healthy weight is
d. have societal pressure to be thin
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
71. What statement about the mechanism of hunger and satiety is true?
a. Neuropeptide Y plays a powerful role in signaling satiety.
b. The small intestines release the hormone cholecystokinin, which encourages us to eat.
c. Fat cells release leptin, which travels to the brain to signal the need to eat.
d. The ventromedial hypothalamus plays a role in satiety.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
72. Ghrelin is a(n) ____.
a. neurotransmitter released by the brain to stimulate hunger
b. enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters in the brain to signal a feeling of being full
c. hormone secreted by the stomach to stimulate hunger
d. neurotransmitter found in the liver which signals a feeling of being full
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
73. The release of ghrelin ____.
a. increases hunger
b. decreases hunger
c. has no effect on hunger
d. occurs only in the presence of disease
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
74. Which substance tends to be associated with feeling hungry when it is at a high level in our body?
a. CCK
b. ghrelin
c. glucose
d. leptin
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and EatingKEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
75. What happens when the stomach walls distend to accommodate food?
a. We become hungry.
b. Signals are sent to the brain to turn off hunger.
c. The set point moves upward leading to an increased likelihood of gaining weight.
d. The release of CCK is suppressed.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
76. Research has shown that hunger is most likely regulated by ____.
a. the quantity of the food we eat only
b. the quality of the food we eat only
c. both the quality and the quantity of food we eat
d. neither the quality, nor the quantity of the food we eat
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
77. Research has shown that when we eat a highly nutritious meal, even if it is not a large amount, we will ____.
a. still be motivated to eat because our stomach is not full
b. be less motivated to eat, even if our stomach is not full
c. secrete large amounts of ghrelin
d. stop secreting CCK
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
78. When you feel full after eating a big meal, it is likely that your stomach ____.
a. is contracting enough to inhibit further eating
b. has sent information to your brain about the calories in the food you have eaten
c. has sent dopamine neurotransmitters to your brain to contribute to that feeling
d. is reflexively causing you to feel less hungry, without the brain’s involvement
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
79. The hormone insulin ____.
a. stops feelings of hunger
b. is made by the liver
c. is produced by the pancreas
d. has no short-term effect on feelings of hunger
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand80. The hormone CCK ____.
a. stimulates eating
b. affects hunger more directly than insulin
c. is produced by the pancreas
d. is produced by the liver
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
81. People who have had their stomachs removed ____.
a. still become hungry
b. cannot eat high calorie foods
c. cannot eat low calorie foods
d. do not become hungry
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
82. If you have just eaten a large meal, it is likely that your
____
glycogen in your body and helping to turn on or off your hunger.
a. stomach
b. hippocampus
c. duodenum
d. liver
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
is actively monitoring the amount of glucose and
83. A liver that is not working properly is most likely to have what effect?
a. CCK will not be secreted into the bloodstream.
b. c. d. Body levels of glucose and glycogen will not be appropriately monitored.
Body levels of insulin will not be appropriately monitored.
Leptin will not be secreted into the bloodstream.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
84. The conversion of glycogen to glucose is associated with ____.
a. feeling satiated or full
b. feeling hungry
c. stomach walls that are distended
d. increased levels of CCK
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand85. The liver sends signals to the brain to turn hunger on or off depending upon the body’s level(s) of ____.
a. CCK
b. insulin and leptin
c. glucose and glycogen
d. leptin
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
86. Insulin can contribute to the feeling of hunger by ____.
a. causing less leptin to be secreted
b. decreasing the amount of CCK in our body
c. facilitating the removal of glucose from our bloodstream
d. stimulating the release of neuropeptide Y
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
87. Which substance, when at high levels in our body, tends to be associated with feeling hungry?
a. CCK
b. insulin
c. glucose
d. leptin
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
88. Shen was injured in an accident. At the hospital, he was given an IV with glucose. What effect would this IV likely
have on Shen’s level of hunger?
a. It should have no effect.
b. It should increase his hunger.
c. It should decrease his hunger.
d. It should cause his hunger level to fluctuate unpredictably.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
89. CCK is secreted by the
____
in response to eating.
a. hypothalamus
b. liver
c. fat cells
d. intestines
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand90. CCK is secreted by the small intestines in response to ____.
a. eating
b. not eating
c. high levels of insulin
d. low levels of leptin
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
91. The liver regulates hunger by monitoring the balance of ____.
a. glucose and glycogen
b. leptin and glucose
c. insulin and CCK
d. ghrelin and glucagon
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
92. High leptin levels in the brain are most associated with ____.
a. increased CCK levels
b. increased glucose levels
c. low levels of stored fat in the body
d. high levels of stored fat in the body
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
93. Research on mice who were bred to be genetically fat showed that when they were injected with leptin, ____.
a. they could no longer absorb glucose into their cells
b. their set point increased
c. they lost weight
d. their hunger could not be satisfied
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
94. Leptin is secreted by the
____
and appears to
____
hunger.
a. hypothalamus; increase
b. liver; increase
c. fat cells; decrease
d. intestines; decrease
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand95. Yanna takes a drug that reduces her brain’s sensitivity to leptin. What will be the likely effect of this drug?
a. Yanna will gain weight.
b. Yanna will lose weight.
c. Yanna will become anorexic.
d. Yanna will not be affected.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
96. Leptin is to
____
as CCK is to ____.
a. hypothalamus; stomach
b. liver; fat cells
c. fat cells; intestines
d. intestines; hypothalamus
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
97. Ghrelin is to
____
as leptin is to ____.
a. hypothalamus; stomach
b. liver; hypothalamus
c. fat cells; intestines
d. stomach; fat cells
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
98. Release of
____
triggers eating.
a. ghrelin
b. CCK
c. leptin
d. GABA
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
99. Hal is given a drug that disables his brain’s glucoreceptors. This drug will likely have what effect?
a. Hal will lose his appetite.
b. Hal will be slightly more hungry than usual.
c. Hal will become extremely hungry.
d. Hal’s hunger will not be affected.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
100. Neuropeptide Y exerts his strongest effect ____.a. on the lateral hypothalamus
b. on the ventromedial hypothalamus
c. outside of the lateral hypothalamus
d. on the thalamus
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
101. Neuropeptide Y is ____.
a. the most powerful known stimulant of hunger
b. the most powerful known hunger suppressant
c. a moderately powerful stimulant of hunger
d. a moderately powerful hunger suppressant
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
102. Which statement is TRUE regarding the hypothalamus and eating?
a. Damage to a rat’s lateral hypothalamus causes the rat to gain weight from then onward.
b. Damage to a rat’s lateral hypothalamus appears to shift its set point upward.
c. Damage to a rat’s ventromedial hypothalamus appears to shift its set point downward.
d. Damage to a rat’s ventromedial hypothalamus appears to shift its set point upward.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
103. A rat whose lateral hypothalamus was destroyed would be expected to ____.
a. starve to death
b. eat, but never to the point of obesity
c. eat continuously until it died from obesity
d. increase eating substantially and then level off
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
104. Your beloved cat was injured in a fall from a tree. Afterwards, your cat seems to be ravenous all the time and gains a
great deal of weight. Which part of your cat was most likely injured in the fall?
a. the tongue
b. the ventromedial hypothalamus
c. the lateral hypothalamus
d. the thalamus
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
105. The fact that Mahatma Gandhi was motivated to go on very long hunger strikes suggests that ____.a. b. his ventromedial hypothalamus was damaged
a smaller stomach contributes to faster satiation
c. d. body levels of leptin are significant factors in hunger regulation
hunger is influenced by many factors other than biology
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
106. Becoming hungry when we smell our neighbor’s barbecue illustrates the role that
a. the hypothalamus
b. external factors
c. insulin
d. hormones
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
____
play(s) in hunger motivation.
107. Intuitive eating occurs in response to ____.
a. physiological signals in the body
b. cultural traditions
c. learned eating habits and situational cues
d. emotional states
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
108. Intuitive eating tends to be associated with ____, whereas eating in response to emotions and situational cues tends to
be associated with ____.
a. lower body mass; average body mass
b. higher body mass; lower body mass
c. higher body mass; no change in body mass
d. more hunger; less hunger
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
109. Nearly
of Americans are obese.
____
a. one-tenth
b. one-fifth
c. one-third
d. one-half
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
110. In adults, obesity is defined as having a ____.a. b. weight of over 200 pounds
BMI of 30 or more
c. d. weight of over 150 pounds
BMI of 20 or more
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
111. Your friend Tyrone has a BMI of 32. Tyrone would be considered to be ____.
a. underweight
b. average weight
c. overweight
d. obese
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
112. Which is the most accurate statement about emotional eating and weight gain?
a. Emotional eating is not involved in general weight gain for most people, but being emotionally distressed has
been shown to be a general cause of obesity.
b. Emotional distress such as depression has been shown to be a significant cause of weight gain and obesity.
c. Emotional eating may be involved in weight gain for some, but emotional distress has not been shown to be a
general cause of obesity.
d. Emotional distress such as general anxiety disorder has been shown to be a significant cause of weight gain
and obesity.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
113. Regarding the causes of obesity, scientists would agree that the causes are ____.
a. almost always biological factors
b. almost always psychological factors
c. almost always cultural factors
d. a combination of biological, psychological, and cultural factors
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
114. What were the findings in a study of ethnic Hawaiians who had taken on a traditional American diet, and then were
given their native diet?
a. No change in health was observed even after one year.
b. Significant improvements in health occurred after only 21 days.
c. Significant improvements in health occurred but only after a year on the native diet.
d. Significant deterioration in health occurred almost immediately.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand115. One of the reasons that diets often do not work is that dieting ____.
a. increases the body’s level of leptin, which tends to increase hunger
b. causes CCK to be secreted earlier and the hypothalamus to become overworked
c. shuts down the endocrine system, making it easier to gain weight from less food
d. leads to hunger and decreases the rate at which our bodies burn energy
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
116. The fact that our body’s metabolic rate decreases when we decrease our intake of calories suggests that ____.
a. it is easier to lose weight than to gain weight
b. our hunger motivation is designed to keep us from starvation
c. our set point can be very easily changed
d. hunger works according to a positive feedback loop rather than a negative feedback loop
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
117. Frederic goes on a very strict diet and loses 75 pounds. Six months after ending his diet, Frederic is back to his
original weight of 260 pounds. Frederic’s experience is most consistent with ____.
a. having an inefficient digestive system
b. having a high metabolic rate
c. having a set point of 260 lbs.
d. having a tendency to engage in emotional eating
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
118. In a study, dieters and non-dieters were given a drink and told that it was either high in calories or low in calories.
Afterwards, all participants were given an opportunity to eat as much ice cream as they wanted. The results showed that
____.
a. non-dieters who were told that the drink was low in calories ate more ice cream than other non-dieters who
were told that the drink was high in calories
b. non-dieters who were told that the drink was low in calories ate more ice cream than non-dieters who were
told that the drink was low in calories
c. dieters who were told that the drink was high in calories ate more ice cream than other dieters who were told
the drink was low in calories
d. dieters who were told that the drink was low in calories ate more ice cream than dieters who were told that
the drink was high in calories
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
119. Research on dieters who break their diets suggests that ____.
a. the idea of restraint in food intake goes out the door once they have already indulged
b. an extreme sense of guilt leads them to forego food much longer than they otherwise wouldc. having consumed the calories, attempts are usually made to burn them off, such as through increased exercise
d. they are usually able to get back on the diet within the next day or so
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
120. People who are on diets ____.
a. have a tendency to go off the diet when they experience either happy or sad emotions
b. have a tendency to go off the diet when they experience happy emotions, but not sad emotions
c. have a tendency to go off the diet when they experience sad emotions, but not happy emotions
d. are not greatly influenced to change their eating habits in response to emotional experiences
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
121. The two most important elements of a weight loss program are ____.
a. consumption of a diet low in carbs and high in proteins
b. permanent changes in eating behavior and exercise
c. reduction of calories and increase in water consumption
d. regular meals and no snacking
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
122. Exercise is important in any weight loss program because it ____.
a. increases blood-insulin levels and decreases blood-glucose levels
b. suppresses hunger through body fatigue
c. decreases the number of fat cells in the body
d. counteracts the body’s tendency to decrease metabolism
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
123. To achieve and maintain long-term weight loss, those who have had gastric bypass surgery ____.
a. need to change their diet, but lifestyle changes are not necessary
b. need to change their lifestyle, but diet changes are not necessary
c. must make significant changes in both diet and lifestyle
d. do not need to change much of their daily habits
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
124. Research regarding the attitudes of Americans toward those who are overweight has ____.
a. not been conducted on a large enough scale to know whether a prejudice exists
b. shown that overweight people are viewed more favorably than normal weight people
c. shown that weight does not influence the views we hold about othersd. shown that overweight people are viewed less favorably than normal weight people
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
125. Based on information provided in the textbook, prejudice against those who are overweight ____.
a. is a universal phenomenon
b. varies from culture to culture
c. d. exists in the U.S., but is generally non-existent elsewhere
exists in most of the world, but not as much in the U.S.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
126. Madeline comes home from school each day and eats a half gallon of ice cream and a dozen donuts and then purges
the food through vomiting. Then she does not eat at all until the next afternoon, when she repeats this ritual. Despite her
normal weight, Madeline is likely suffering from ____.
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia nervosa
c. purging
d. anorexia and bulimia nervosa
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
127. What is a common characteristic of a person with bulimia?
a. male
b. mid- to late 20s
c. average to slightly above average weight
d. usually binges with others
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
128. An American woman has a roughly
____
chance of developing bulimia in her lifetime.
a. 1%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 15%
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
129. Jennifer is a young woman who suffers from an eating disorder in which she is extremely underweight and yet
perceives herself as “fat.” Jennifer is most likely suffering from ____.
a. binge eating disorderb. anorexia nervosa
c. bulimia nervosa
d. pica
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
130. What is a common characteristic of a person with anorexia?
a. lower socioeconomic class
b. male
c. living in a developing country
d. perfectionism
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
131. Tiffany keeps herself on a very strict diet. Each day, she eats no more than 1,000 calories. She also runs and
exercises for at least three hours each day. As a result, Tiffany weighs 90 pounds, despite her height of 5’ 10”. Tiffany is
most likely suffering from ____.
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia nervosa
c. purging
d. anorexia and bulimia nervosa
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
132. What is a characteristic that people with bulimia and anorexia typically share?
a. history of morbid obesity
b. being female
c. very low weight
d. low income
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
133. Anorexia is more common in cultures where ____.
a. food is scarce
b. c. d. the poverty level is high
there is extreme pressure to be thin
the education level is lower
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
134. According to research studies, if you had an identical twin who suffered from anorexia nervosa, you are ____.a. less likely to be anorexic than if you had a fraternal twin who was anorexic
b. just as likely to be anorexic as you would be if you had a fraternal twin who was anorexic
c. more likely to be anorexic than if you had a fraternal twin who was anorexic
d. just as likely to be anorexic as anyone else in the population
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
135. Research suggests that both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may result from ____.
a. primarily biological factors
b. primarily psychological factors
c. primarily cultural factors
d. a complex mix of biological, psychological, and cultural factors
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
136. Wendy suffers from anorexia. Which characteristic is Wendy most likely to have?
a. optimism
b. extroversion
c. narcissism
d. perfectionism
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
137. Of the following, which is the more common eating disorder?
a. starvation
b. binge-eating disorder
c. anorexia nervosa
d. bulimia nervosa
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
138. Tamara tends to consume very large quantities of food, but does not compensate for the increased calories in any
way. Tamara most likely meets the criteria for ____.
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia nervosa
c. binge eating disorder
d. bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
139. What percent of the population seeking professional treatment for weight control may have binge-eating disorder?a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70%
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
140. Sexual desire is influenced by ____.
a. largely biological factors
b. mostly psychological processes
c. largely cultural influences
d. biology, learning experiences, and cultural expectations
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
141. Research on the role of estrogen on women’s sexual desire shows that as estrogen levels drop, women ____.
a. b. c. experience a loss of sexual desire
may or may not have a loss of sexual desire
have an increase in sexual desires
d. have a decrease in sexual responsiveness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
142. The physical desire to have sex is called ____.
a. thanatos
b. progestrus
c. libido
d. estrus
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
143. The period in which females tend to be most receptive to male attempts to mate is known as ____.
a. estrus
b. libido
c. menstruation
d. resolution
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
144. In both men and women, sexual desire is influenced by ____.
a. GnRHb. estrogens
c. testosterone
d. dopamine
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
145. Which hormone is most closely associated with bonding?
a. oxytocin
b. dopamine
c. testosterone
d. ghrelin
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
146. One study found which aroma to evoke the greatest sexual response in males?
a. pumpkin pie
b. candy-coated licorice
c. cucumbers
d. baby powder
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
147. Areas of the body that are particularly responsive to touch are called ____.
a. erogenous zones
b. libidinous areas
c. erotic zones
d. sexual centers
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
148. Research on the number of sexual partners taken by age 24 indicates that which generation of women may be at the
highest risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections?
a. The Silent Generation
b. Boomers
c. Generation X
d. Millennials
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
149. Millennials report ____.
a. the highest levels of masturbation compared to other generationsb. c. d. the lowest levels of masturbation compared to other generations
average levels of masturbation compared to other generations
both the highest and lowest levels of masturbation compared to other generations
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
150. The correct successive phases of human sexual responses are ____.
a. plateau, excitement, orgasm, and resolution
b. excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
c. plateau, orgasm, plateau, and resolution
d. excitement, orgasm, resolution, and plateau
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
151. During the
____
phase, excitement peaks and remains somewhat constant.
a. excitement
b. plateau
c. orgasm
d. resolution
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
152. Compared to men, the resolution phase of women’s sexual response cycle ____.
a. has less variability
b. is marked by a greater period of refraction
c. has more variability
d. is nearly the same
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
for females.
153. Modern research has estimated the rate of homosexuality at up to ____for males and up to
a. 1%; 2%
b. 10%; 20%
c. 6%; 4%
d. 1%; 10%
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
____
154. Which statement is true?
a. The APA regards homosexuality as a mental disorder.
b. As of 2014, the U.S. federal government affords the same rights to same-sex couples as opposite-sex couples.c. Gays and lesbians have the same legal protection under United States law as other minorities.
d. The children of gay and lesbian parents show adjustment and developmental problems.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
155. The Matthew Shepard Act ____.
a. established the right of same-sex marriages in the United States
b. introduced federal law in the United States against hate crimes based on sexual orientation
c. officially recognized homosexuality as not being a mental disorder
d. provided for United States recognition of same-sex marriages granted in foreign countries
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
156. One study of 190 societies across the world found that approximately
a. one-quarter
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
____
of these accepted homosexuality.
157. Approximately
____
of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth report having experienced verbal abuse.
a. 60%
b. 70%
c. 80%
d. 90%
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
158. Disgust is an example of a(n) ____.
a. cognition
b. emotion
c. motivation
d. intuition
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
159. Emotions are best described as ____.
a. b. c. evaluative thoughts about the situation
facial expressions coupled with affective responses
complex reactions to some internal or external eventd. inevitable, biologically-determined responses
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
160. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggested that if you are angry, _____.
a. you can easily change your emotion into “happy” by cognitively restructuring your perception of the
environment
b. you would know it by the unique pattern of physiological arousal that is experienced
c. your environment is the primary cause of making you feel that emotion
d. your anger will cause your body to become physiologically aroused and your behavior to become agitated
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
161. What is one of the three major criticisms of the James-Lange theory voiced by Walter Cannon?
a. Cognitive interpretation of physiological arousal can change the experience of emotion, thus suggesting that
thought processes are more important in emotions than is physiology.
b. Physiological arousal varies more from emotion to emotion than the theory supposes.
c. Emotional response appears to occur in an entirely separate part of the brain than physiological arousal.
d. The artificial creation of physiological arousal does not necessarily lead to the experience of specific
emotions, indicating that the arousal does not cause the emotion.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Thinking Critically
162. Contrary to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, the James-Lange theory maintains that emotion originates in the
____.
a. body
b. environment
c. brain
d. mind
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
163. If research were to show that individuals whose bodies are incapable of becoming physiologically aroused are still
capable of experiencing emotion, which theory would have the greatest difficulty explaining that result?
a. cognitive-mediational theory
b. Cannon-Bard theory
c. incentive theory
d. James-Lange theory
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
164. Drew is almost hit by a car while riding his bike. As a result, his heart is pounding, and he is sweaty and shaking.According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, Drew’s emotion is the result of ____.
a. the complex interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive thoughts he experienced after the accident
b. his subjective psychological reaction to the accident
c. the pattern of physiological arousal in his body that was caused by the accident
d. his cognitive interpretation of the arousal he experienced after the accident
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
165. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange theory on the question of whether or not ____.
a. anger and disgust are two separate emotions
b. physiological arousal causes emotion
c. emotion and motivation are two separate processes
d. emotions can be learned
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
166. According to Walter Cannon, if you experienced a very traumatic event, your emotional reaction of fear would
originate in your ____.
a. body
b. brain
c. body then your brain
d. viscera
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
167. Even though the James-Lange theory of emotion was criticized by Walter Cannon many years ago, more recent
research suggests that ____.
a. some emotions do indeed involve different bodily reactions
b. the environment actually does play the largest role in internal emotions
c. emotions commonly occur before we feel our heart pounding
d. emotions can be greatly influenced by cognitive distortions
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
168. According to current research, if you were to make and hold the facial expression associated with surprise for several
seconds, your body would ____.
a. not undergo any change in physiological arousal at all
b. begin to produce arousal that would be identical to arousal produced in response to other types of facial
expressions and their accompanying emotions
c. begin to produce arousal that would be unique to that emotion
d. begin to produce arousal that would be different from the arousal experienced in response to a frown, but not
different from the arousal experienced in response to a smile
ANSWER: cREFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
169. Recent research has shown the James-Lange theory to be at least partially correct about the unique physiological
arousal states associated with emotions. This finding would not have been possible when the theory was developed
because ____.
a. the technology to measure minute changes in arousal did not exist
b. it would not have been ethical to conduct the research considering the cultural views at the time
c. psychology did not study the physiological basis for behavior until the 1960s
d. our understanding of emotions at that time was so primitive that the research could not have been conceived
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
170. At some point in your life you may have been a little discouraged and had someone tell you, “Smile, it will make you
feel better.” Such a statement reflects the concept and research behind the ____.
a. Cannon-Bard theory
b. cognitive-mediational theory
c. Lazarus-Schachter theory
d. facial feedback hypothesis
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
171. If you make yourself smile while reading your psychology textbook, research on the facial feedback hypothesis
predicts that you will probably ____.
a. begin to feel embarrassed
b. have more negative feelings about psychology
c. have more positive feelings about psychology
d. not experience any change in your feelings about psychology
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
172. Research on the facial feedback hypothesis has shown that ____.
a. smiles change blood flow to the brain and decrease brain temperature
b. smiles change blood flow to the brain and increase brain temperature
c. frowns change blood flow to the brain and decrease brain temperature
d. frowns, but not smiles, change brain temperature
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
173. You are having a bad day and you feel rather depressed. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, how can you
improve your mood?
a. exercise
b. put on a hat to keep your head warmc. force yourself to smile
d. try not to think about the things that are bothering you
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
174. The two factors in the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion are ____.
a. b. cognitive interpretation and environmental context
motivational state and situational arousal
c. d. physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
personality tendency and environmental context
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
175. In the classic study conducted by Schachter and Singer supporting their two-factor model of emotion, participants
____.
a. who had previously learned about the dangers of sharks were more fearful when they encountered a shark
while swimming in the ocean
b. whose spinal cord had been damaged were unable to experience certain emotions
c. who were involved in a dramatic accident tended to feel afraid even before they began to show physiological
arousal
d. who were injected with epinephrine, but who were told it would produce no symptoms, tended to take on the
emotion of the person they were around
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
176. According to the cognitive-mediational model of emotion,
____
a. physiological arousal
b. motivational state
c. appraisal
d. environmental cues
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
is (are) the most important part of emotion.
177. According to the cognitive-mediational model, if others tell you that your psychology class will be fun and
interesting, once in the class you are likely to feel ____.
a. less positive emotions about the class
b. more positive emotions about the class
c. the same about the class as you otherwise would have
d. the same about the class as you otherwise would have, but experience more physiological arousal when in the
class
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply178. Recent research suggests that ____.
a. women are more emotional and less able to control their emotions than men
b. men are more emotional and less able to control their emotions than women
c. women and men are equally able to control their emotions
d. men are more emotional, but less able to control their emotions
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
179. Robert Zajonc’s mere exposure effect and the James-Lange theory of emotion share the common idea that ____.
a. cognitions may not have a strong influence on emotion
b. emotion and motivation are essentially two parts of the same process
c. the environmental context will usually determine emotions
d. emotions are not really measurable
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
180. According to the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion, where should you take a blind date if you really
want him or her to find you exciting and attractive?
a. an art museum
b. a library
c. a lecture on gardening
d. a football game
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
181. The mere exposure effect is the phenomenon of ____.
a. emotions being triggered by the slightest change in stimulus
b. one’s motives being understood by the emotions exhibited
c. emotions being easily determined by the expressions on one’s face
d. preferring the things that we have been exposed to with the greatest frequency
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
182. You and your date both witness a fight in a bar, but you each have very different emotional reactions to this event.
You find it amusing, but your date becomes very afraid. Which theory of emotion best explains why you each would have
different emotional reactions to the fight?
a. the James-Lange theory
b. the Cannon-Bard theory
c. facial feedback hypothesis
d. cognitive-mediational theory
ANSWER: dREFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
183. According to the mere exposure effect, which individual should cause you to have the most positive emotional
experience?
a. a nice stranger
b. your nice next door neighbor
c. a nice person you have seen a couple times on the bus
d. a nice person you have seen one time in the grocery store
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
184. Fatima, an Iranian student, has not had exposure to American television except for a few episodes of the Flintstones
cartoon on satellite TV. When she immigrates to the U.S., she has access to over 50 channels of cable TV, but she finds
that she prefers watching the Flintstones to any other show. Which thoery best explains Fatima’s preference?
a. James-Lange theory
b. Cannon-Bard theory
c. mere exposure effect
d. cognitive-mediational theory
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
185. Which emotion is considered to be a basic emotion by most psychologists?
a. anger
b. fascination
c. embarrassment
d. infatuation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
186. When visiting Japan, it may be helpful to know that, in general, the Japanese ____.
a. use the same facial expression as you to denote happiness
b. will not use any of the same facial expressions that you use for any of your emotions
c. use the same expressions you use for anger and fear, but not for happiness and sadness
d. use the same expressions you use for happiness, but not for sadness
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
187. You are on vacation in a very rural area, where the people do not speak your language. Which facial expression of
emotion will they be most likely to understand?
a. a frown of anger
b. a smile of happiness
c. a grimace of disgustd. a wide-eyed look of surprise
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
188. You have just met a person from a different culture. She has never been to your country and she does not speak your
language. So, you must communicate through facial expressions and gestures. Which facial expression would you most
expect her to understand?
a. anger
b. surprise
c. happiness
d. fear
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
189. If Joe and Jane were asked to guess the emotion expressed in the faces of several different people, it would be
expected that ____.
a. Joe would do it more accurately
b. Jane would do it more accurately
c. Joe would be better at detecting surprise, but Jane would be better at detecting anger
d. Joe would be better at detecting sadness, but Jane would be better at detecting happiness.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
190. Cross-cultural research on facial expressions has shown that ____.
a. anger and fear are expressed in very similar ways across cultures, but that happiness is expressed somewhat
differently from culture to culture
b. even though there are slight variations in the facial expression of emotions across cultures, judges make
virtually no errors in their judgments of emotion from the facial expressions of others
c. people of all cultures use the same muscles in the same ways when expressing different emotions
d. just as slightly different dialects occur within the same language, so slightly different facial expressions occur
for the same emotions across different cultures
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
191. Young children are not known for their interest in cleaning their rooms. Which child is likely to do the best job?
a. Joanne, whose parents throw away any toys she leaves on the floor
b. Austin, who gets paid five dollars a week to keep his room clean
c. Jason, who from a very young age seemed to take pride in keeping his room neat and clean
d. Demetra, whose parents withhold her allowance if her room is not kept clean
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically192. Whose behavior contradicts Maslow’s hierarchy?
a. Merrit, who skips lunch for a week so he can afford to take his partner to a concert
b. Frank, who makes sure his necessities, such as rent and food, are paid for first
c. Scarlet, who, after a period of poverty, declares that she will never be hungry again
d. Abbie, who is jobless and spends a lot of time thinking about how she will eat her next meal
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
193. Whose behavior is consistent with someone who is striving for self-actualization?
a. Marty, who grew up very poor and even now that she is successful, still feels the need to stockpile food so
she will not go hungry
b. Grace, who feels lonely at her new job and makes a point of being friendly to everyone
c. Victor, who, after a successful career as an engineer, travels to impoverished areas to help develop safe
drinking water supplies
d. Ralph, who is saving every spare dollar so he can buy a house
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
194. Self-motivation is also called
motivation.
____
a. extrinsic
b. incentivized
c. autonomous
d. external
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
195. According to self-determination theory, people need to feel ____.
a. competent, autonomous, and related
b. safe, happy, and productive
c. fulfilled, respected, and loved
d. Important, influential, and safe
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
196. Which substance facilitates the movement of glucose from the blood into our cells, where it is metabolized?
a. CCK
b. leptin
c. insulin
d. peptide Y
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand197. When fat cells release leptin into the bloodstream, it travels to the brain, where it is picked up by receptors near the
____.
a. cerebellum
b. pineal
c. spinal cord
d. ventricles
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
198. Foods that cause a rapid increase in blood sugar ____.
a. do not keep our hunger satisfied for very long
b. are called low glycemic foods
c. fill us up quickly
d. are generally very helpful for weight loss
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
199. Researchers are currently investigating the role that the neurotransmitter
____
plays in mediating leptin action in the
brain.
a. acetylcholine
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. endorphin
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
200. Recent research suggests that chronic challenges to the hunger-regulating centers of the brain can disrupt its ability to
sense and respond to ____.
a. insulin
b. leptin
c. CCK
d. neuropeptide Y
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
201. In many cultures, food and feasting are an integral part of cultural customs, resulting in
a. nonintuitive
b. intuitive
c. nutritive
d. non-nutritive
____
eating.
ANSWER: aREFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
202. For every male with anorexia, there are approximately
a. two
____
b. five
c. 10
d. 20
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
females with the disorder
203. A critical difference between bulimia and binge eating disorder is that those with bulimia ____.
a. use recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, while those with binge
eating disorder do not
b. eat an amount of food that is “definitely” larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of
time under similar circumstances, while those with binge eating disorder eat an amount that is “somewhat”
larger
c. the behavior occurs at least once a week for three months, while it occurs at least twice a week for two
months for those with binge eating disorder
d. are very upset by their eating disorder while those with binge eating disorder are not
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
204. About
older.
____
of 18 to 29 year olds consider homosexuality acceptable, compared to about
____
of those who are 65 or
a. 50%; 35%
b. 65%; 40%
c. 75%; 45%
d. 90%; 50%
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
205. The collection of personality traits that your society typically associates with either males or females is called ____.
a. sexuality
b. sexual orientation
c. sexual preference
d. gender
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
Subjective Short Answer
206. Compare and contrast the instinct theory and the self-determination theory of motivation.ANSWER: One of the earliest views on motivation was one that was heavily influenced by the work of Charles
Darwin and the theory of natural selection. Back in the 1800s, American psychologist William James
proposed that motives are, in fact, genetically determined instincts that have evolved in humans
because they support survival and procreation. According to James, instincts are impulses from within
a person that direct or motivate that person’s behavior. James proposed that we are motivated by more
than 35 different innate instincts, including the impulse to love, fight, imitate, talk, and acquire things.
The idea that humans are motivated by different things is part of a broad theory of motivation called
self-determination theory. According to self-determination theory, humans need to feel competent
(skilled), autonomous (in control of our own behavior), and related (or connected) to others. As we try
to meet these needs, we will at times experience autonomous motivation or controlled motivation.
When we are autonomously motivated, we are self-motivated to engage in a behavior. For example,
you might study for an exam because you want to do well on it. When we experience controlled
motivation, we feel more compelled to engage in certain behaviors. For example, you may study for
an exam because you want to please your parents or because you feel that you should work hard in
school.
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
207. Describe intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of motivation.
ANSWER: Incentives can be either intrinsic (coming from within us) or extrinsic (coming from outside us).
Intrinsic incentives, such as wanting to make a good grade to please yourself, provide intrinsic
motivation for behavior. Extrinsic incentives, such as wanting to please others or desiring monetary
rewards, provide extrinsic motivation for behavior.
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
208. Name, in the correct order, the levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
ANSWER: The lowest level of Maslow’s hierarchy—the base of the pyramid—is our physiological needs.
Maslow theorized that we seek to satisfy such basic needs as hunger and need for warmth before we
are motivated to satisfy any of our other needs. If our physiological needs are met, then our next level
of concern is satisfying safety needs, such as having a safe place to live. At the next level, Maslow
identified belongingness and love needs, the motivation to be with others, to be loved, and to be
appreciated by others. At the next levels we would seek to successively satisfy our esteem needs,
cognitive needs, and aesthetic needs. If we meet our aesthetic needs, we may seek to move to even
higher levels, toward self-fulfillment. At these levels, motives include self-actualization needs, or the
motivation to reach our full potential, and the need for transcendence, the motivation to achieve
spiritual fulfillment.
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
209. Describe three significant biological factors influencing hunger.ANSWER: Hypothalamus: Regulates hunger.
Ghrelin: This hormone, produced in the stomach, sends strong hunger signals to the brain.
Senses: The smell and sight of food can stimulate appetite.
Stomach: When your stomach is empty, it contracts, sending hunger signals to the brain. The
stomach also measures the nutrient content of the food we eat and uses this information to
regulate hunger, producing satiety signals.
Liver: Regulates hunger by monitoring the balance of glucose and glycogen.
Small intestine: Produces CCK that signals fullness.
Cholecystokinin (CCK): A peptide produced in the small intestine, CCK travels to the brain
to reduce hunger.
Leptin: Leptin is produced in fat cells. It tells the brain that the body’s fat reserves are sufficient by
signaling the hypothalamus and muffling some appetite signals.
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
210. Describe our understanding of intuitive and nonintuitive eating.
ANSWER: Recently, psychologists have begun to discriminate between intuitive eating, or eating that is
motivated by physiological hunger and satiety feedback, and eating that is motivated by emotional
and situational cues that have little connection to energy requirements.
Nonintuitive eating occurs for reasons other than supplying fuel for our bodies. In many cultures, food
and feasting are an integral part of cultural customs. This is especially true in the United States, where
our holiday celebrations—including Christmas, Thanksgiving, Halloween, Hanukkah, Passover,
Kwanzaa, and New Year’s—are all associated with special foods in large quantities. The same holds
true for more personal celebrations—birthdays, weddings, reunions, and even funerals. Americans
and many other peoples around the world use food and eating to celebrate. This connection between
joy and food can lead to eating when we do not really need to. Our obsession with weight and dieting
may also contribute to nonintuitive eating. In a recent study of adolescents, researchers found that
being on a restrictive diet for weight loss was associated with less intuitive eating and increased
emotional eating, or eating to cope with emotional distress
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
211. Describe the potential causes of anorexia nervosa.ANSWER: Characteristics that seem to be correlated with anorexia include perfectionism and faulty thinking
about food (for example, thinking one should never eat carbohydrates), as well as biochemical
abnormalities. Many people with eating disorders also have personality disorders—characteristic,
maladaptive ways of dealing with the world. We do not yet know if these are causal factors or merely
factors that correlate with eating disorders.
Another piece of the puzzle may be genetics. Some scholars have argued that genes for anorexia
evolved to allow our ancestors to survive famine by helping them ignore food while migrating to
better environments. Indeed, evidence supports the idea of a genetic basis for anorexia. If one
identical twin is anorexic, the other twin’s chances of becoming anorexic are drastically increased.
However, having a fraternal twin who is anorexic only modestly increases one’s chances of becoming
anorexic. This pattern of results supports the existence of a genetic predisposition to anorexia. It is
also common to see family members, particularly mothers and daughters, who both have eating
disorders. However, this doesn’t necessarily indicate a genetic basis for the disorders as family
members also tend to have shared environmental influences. At present, it appears that both bulimia
and anorexia may result from a complex mix of cultural factors, personality characteristics,
environmental issues, and biological factors.
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
212. Describe binge eating disorder.
ANSWER: Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, such as
those seen in bulimia nervosa, but without regular use of the inappropriate compensatory measures
that bulimics employ to avoid weight gain. Because binge eaters do not compensate for their
overeating, they may be overweight. Current estimates suggest that within a 12-month period, 1.6% of
adult females and 0.8% of adult males have binge eating disorder.
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
213. Compare and contrast the James-Lange view of emotion with the Cannon-Bard view of emotion.
ANSWER: According to the James-Lange theory, emotion is equal to the pattern of physiological arousal that the
person experiences during an emotion. In short, emotion is a physiological response to some stimulus.
Cannon (and later Bard) proposed that emotion does not originate in the body; rather, it originates in
the brain.
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
214. Compare and contrast the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion with the cognitive-mediational view of
motivation.
ANSWER: The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory states that emotions result when we cognitively interpret our
physiological reactions in light of the situation. The cognitive-mediational theory states that our
cognitive appraisal of a situation determines what emotion we will feel in the situation.
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
215. What are the challenges in identifying “basic” emotions?ANSWER: Does the fact that at least some emotions (for example, happiness) translate fairly well across cultures
guarantee that these emotions are basic emotions? Perhaps not. Some cultures list “basic” emotions
that may be recognizable to people from other cultures but would not be considered basic emotions in
those other cultures. For example, Hindus list peace, wonder, amusement, and heroism as basic
emotions. Americans may be able to feel these emotions and recognize them in others, but may not
consider them to be basic emotions. For reasons like these, some people have begun to question
whether basic emotions truly exist.
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
Essay
216. Explain how drive theory uses the idea of secondary drives to account for human motivations.
ANSWER: While primary drives, such as reducing hunger or thirst, explain some aspects of human motivation,
not every motivation can be accounted for by such primary drive reductions. Therefore, drive theory
proposes that individuals acquire a variety of secondary drives through individual learning
experiences, in which secondary drives are associated with fulfillment of primary drives. Hence,
secondary drives show great variability between people, much in the way personality traits do.
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
217. In Maslow’s need hierarchy, lower level needs are presumed to require satisfaction before an individual is motivated
to pursue higher needs. When Mahatma Gandhi would go on a prolonged fast to protest a social injustice, how did such
action square with Maslow’s theory?
ANSWER: The ascent of a higher need (self-actualization through social protest) over a lower need (hunger)
presents a problem for Maslow’s need hierarchy. When hungry, according to Maslow, Gandhi should
be motivated to attend the need lower on the hierarchy as it is more crucial. Perhaps though, at some
times, in some people, higher needs can override the motivation of lower needs.
REFERENCES: 5.1 Theories of Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
218. Describe two mechanisms by which the brain regulates the sensation of hunger.
ANSWER: The hypothalamus plays a significant role in hunger regulation for the brain through glucoreceptors,
which monitor the level of glucose in the blood, and through the lateral hypothalamus as one means of
turning on hunger, and the ventromedial hypothalamus, which acts as an indirect shut-off switch.
REFERENCES: 5.2 Hunger and Eating
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
219. What research-based evidence suggests homosexuality may have a biological basis in some people?
ANSWER: Twin studies of identical and fraternal twins who are gay show a higher concordance rate for identical
twins. Also, gay men have a greater number of older brothers, suggesting some mothers may become
increasingly immune to prenatal male hormones, which may represent a different hormonal prenatal
development for successive male fetuses.
REFERENCES: 5.3 Sexual Motivation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
220. Are emotions understood across cultures? Explain your response.ANSWER: Basic motions are more readily understood across different cultures, although even those emotions
may not be universally recognized. Happiness tends to be the most universally recognized emotion
while fear and anger, as well as fear and surprise, tend to be more easily confused. Nonverbal
vocalizations may promote recognition of basic emotions, and some evidence suggests that distinct
patterns of neural brain activity are linked to basic emotions. Cultures do differ in their display rules
for emotion, however, and this may limit the ability of individuals to recognize emotion across
different cultures.
REFERENCES: 5.4 Theories and Expression of Emotion
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
Related products
-
Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 5th Edition by Joyce E. Dains – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Maternity Newborn and Women’s Health Nursing A Case-Based Approach 1st Edition O’Meara Test Bank.
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Evidence Based Practice For Nurses 4th Edition By Schmidt Brown – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Clinical Guidelines in Family Practice 5th Edition Uphold Graham – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00.
There are no reviews yet.