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Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

Chapter 05

The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 83) ________ was the Spanish Empire’s last major colonial project in North America.

A. New Mexico

B. California

C. The Texas mission project

D. The Pueblos

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

2. (p. 84) Which of the following does NOT describe the rights of married Spanish women?

A. They could buy and sell land and represent themselves in court.

B. They retained control over their own property.

C. They were entitled to at least 25 percent of the marital property upon a husband’s death.

D. They were entitled to their dowries upon a husband’s death.

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

3. (p. 83-84) What challenge did the Spanish face in settling California?

A. the long, dangerous journey there

B. military skirmishes with the Russians over land rights

C. tensions with the French over a joint claim

D. the need to pass through the English colonies to get there

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

4. (p. 84) Which of the following was a result of Spanish colonization of California?

A. Native American villages there thrived due to improved nutrition

B. the rapid growth of the Spanish population led to the Native Americans being pushed off

their land

C. Native American land was transformed by overgrazing and invasive plant species

D. Native Americans from the interior moved closer to the missions to gain food and work

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

5. (p. 85) Which of the following BEST characterizes the French relationship with native people

in eighteenth-century New France?

A. conflict

B. domination

C. subordination

D. compromise

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

6. (p. 85) Why were the French less likely than the British to use military force when dealing

with the native people of North America?

A. The French population was relatively low.

B. French soldiers were much less effective fighters than their British counterparts.

C. As Catholics they naturally were more benevolent when dealing with the native people.

D. They had superior diplomatic skills.

Topic: Eighteenth-Century New France

7. (p. 86) Why did French authorities stop importing slaves into Louisiana in the first half of the

eighteenth century?

A. because they were profoundly against the institution of slavery

B. because the costly Natchez rebellion had persuaded them to stop importing slaves

C. because French Louisiana did not produce crops that required slave labor

D. because they switched to using enslaved native people for their labor

Topic: Eighteenth-Century New France

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

8. (p. 87) The three largest groups of non-English immigrants coming to the American colonies

in the 1700s were

A. Africans, Scots-Irish, and Germans.

B. Africans, Germans, and Dutch.

C. Scots-Irish, Dutch, and Africans.

D. Scots-Irish, Germans, and Dutch.

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

9. (p. 87) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the American population grew

dramatically in the 1700s?

A. high birth rate

B. importation of slaves

C. absorption of French and Spanish colonials as the British Empire expanded

D. large numbers of non-English immigrants

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

10. (p. 87-88) By the beginning of the eighteenth century, land scarcity pushed both native-born

and newly arrived families to look westward. Descendants of old Yankee families established

themselves _______, while European immigrants found more luck _______.

A. in frontier New England; south of New York

B. in the Hudson River valley; along the Great Wagon Road

C. along the Great Wagon Road; south of New York

D. south of New York; in frontier New England

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

11. (p. 91) Where in the South did most black Americans live and work?

A. inland plantations

B. along the seaboard

C. in the backcountry

D. the piedmont

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

12. (p. 91) In what time frame was the greatest number of African slaves imported into the

Chesapeake and Carolina regions?

A. the first half of the seventeenth century

B. the second half of the seventeenth century

C. the first half of the eighteenth century

D. the second half of the eighteenth century

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

13. (p. 89) The society of the eighteenth-century backcountry was characterized by all of the

following EXCEPT

A. hard work.

B. self-sufficiency.

C. isolation.

D. class conflict.

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

14. (p. 87-88) What was the primary reason so many families migrated into the backcountry?

A. to escape governmental authority

B. to worship in freedom

C. to find a healthier environment

D. to obtain cheap land

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

15. (p. 89) Which group dominated the political and economic life of the seaport towns?

A. descendants of the original founding families

B. the numerous middle-class artisans

C. merchants

D. aristocratic crown officials

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

16. (p. 89) The colonial seaports were not only the centers for overseas trade; they were also the

places where

A. enterprising merchants worked to organize and control the commerce of the surrounding

region.

B. religious revivals had their greatest effect.

C. British imperial authority remained visible and strong.

D. slavery was first outlawed.

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

17. (p. 89) In the mid-1700s, slaves in the seaport cities

A. often gained their freedom.

B. were practically nonexistent.

C. were likely to be recent arrivals from Africa.

D. frequently fought for their freedom.

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

18. (p. 91) In the mid-1700s, slaves on southern plantations

A. were about as likely to have been born in America as in Africa.

B. found little opportunity to create an African American culture.

C. had mostly all gained their freedom.

D. were more likely to be recent arrivals from Africa.

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

19. (p. 91) Unlike slaves on Carolina plantations, those in the Chesapeake

A. had less contact with whites.

B. enjoyed greater autonomy because of the “task system.”

C. lived on smaller plantations with fewer slaves.

D. were mostly African-born.

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

20. (p. 91-92) Which of the following statements is true about slave communities on southern

plantations?

A. With few slaves imported directly from Africa, African folkways soon disappeared.

B. Slave marriages were legally recognized.

C. Resistance to slavery led to a drop in the slave trade.

D. Slaves maintained a family life despite the possibility that a family member could be sold.

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

21. (p. 93) Which of the following was most likely true of Americans who were influenced by

the Enlightenment?

A. They had faith that society could be improved through human slavery.

B. They were from the educated upper class.

C. They held to a religion that believed human beings could find salvation in the Catholic

Church.

D. They understood knowledge as valuable for its own sake, independent of any practical

usefulness.

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

22. (p. 93) The doctrine known as “rational Christianity” stressed which of the following

beliefs?

A. predestination

B. conversion

C. the benevolence of God

D. the reasons for innate human sinfulness

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

23. (p. 93-94) Regarding the effects of the Great Awakening, all of the following are correctly

stated, EXCEPT that

A. Americans became more sharply polarized along religious lines.

B. many westerners embraced evangelical Protestantism and swelled the denominations of the

Baptists and the Presbyterians.

C. many urban easterners embraced evangelical Protestantism and thus swelled such

denominations as Quakers and Anglicans.

D. it caused many northern churches to bicker and splinter.

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

24. (p. 93-94) The Great Awakening can best be described by which of the following statements?

A. It was a multifaceted, intellectual movement, based primarily on new discoveries in

science.

B. It was a secular, humanitarian movement, which sought to improve the quality of life for

the poor.

C. It was a rationalist religious movement, which had its greatest impact among the well-

educated in eastern seaboard cities.

D. It was an emotional revivalist movement that appealed to a diverse cross-section of

Americans.

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

25. (p. 95) One of the important distinctions between eighteenth-century English and American

social structures was that

A. while England had a large lower class, there were no poor people in America.

B. while England had a large lower class, their more industrialized economy created more

opportunities for upward mobility than did agrarian America.

C. while England’s aristocrats claimed titles and legal privileges by hereditary right, only a

few American elites inherited titles and political power.

D. while less than one-third of England’s inhabitants belonged to the “middling sort,” three-

quarters of white Americans could be described as “middle class.”

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

26. (p. 96) The theory of the “balanced constitution” refers to

A. separating government powers into executive, legislative, and judicial functions.

B. giving every order of society some voice in the workings of government.

C. the use of “influence” or patronage by the executive officials to win support for its policies

among legislators.

D. restricting the franchise to adult males owning a certain amount of property.

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

Fill in the Blank Questions

27. (p. 81) Nowhere did the French seem more menacing than in _______, one of the most

important blank spots on Spanish maps.

Texas

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

28. (p. 82) The Native American people that integrated European horses into their lives and

became formidable equestrian warriors were known by their enemies as the _______.

Comanches

Topic: Crisis and Transformation in New Spain

29. (p. 85) Despite grand colonial claims, most eighteenth-century French Americans lived

along the ________ River.

St. Lawrence

Topic: Eighteenth-Century New France

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

30. (p. 93) The Great ________ is the term used to describe periods of intense religious piety

among Americans that fueled the expansion of Protestant churches.

Awakening

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

31. (p. 93) The ________ was an intellectual movement in both Europe and America that

celebrated the power of human reason.

Enlightenment

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

32. (p. 93-94) The “boy preacher” from England who stirred revival fires up and down the

colonial seaboard was George _______.

Whitefield

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

33. (p. 93) The English Parliament’s unofficial policy of benign ________ allowed economic

growth and political autonomy in the American colonies.

neglect

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

Essay Questions

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

34. What “forces of division” were operating in the British colonies during the first half of the

eighteenth century? Discuss with specific reference to at least two of the following areas:

immigration, the backcountry, boundary disputes, and seaport towns.

Answer will vary

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

35. Compare and contrast the character of backcountry settlements with that of older rural

communities in eighteenth-century America.

Answer will vary

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

36. Compare and contrast the lives of eighteenth-century American women in established

rural communities, on the frontier, and in major seaports.

Answer will vary

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

37. Discuss male and female black slaves’ experiences in South Carolina, the Chesapeake, and

major seaports.

Answer will vary

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

38. Compare and contrast the economy, social structure, and politics of England and America

in the eighteenth century.

Answer will vary

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

39. Describe the basic outlook of the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment.

Answer will vary

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

40. Why did some American visitors to England feel ambivalent about life and society in their

“parent country”?

Answer will vary

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

41. Comment on the following statement: “That America evolved in ways distinct from that of

England was a direct result of British colonial policy.”

Answer will vary

Topic: Anglo-American Worlds of the Eighteenth Century

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

42. In what ways were major American seaports of the eighteenth century similar to cities

today? In what ways were they different? How has urban life changed in the last 300 years?

Answer will vary

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

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McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 05 – The Mosaic of Eighteenth-Century America 1689-1768

43. Consider the following: “To any person in bondage, the condition of slavery must be

fundamentally unacceptable, no matter how benevolent a slave’s master. Yet the realities of

power forced enslaved people every day to confront these inequalities.” Discuss the ways in

which enslaved African Americans dealt with their situation.

Answer will vary

Topic: Slave Societies in the Eighteenth-Century South

44. Why was the Great Awakening disruptive socially as well as religiously? Explain the

causes of disruption in both cases.

Answer will vary

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

45. What caused the population of North America to increase dramatically during the

eighteenth century?

Answer will vary

Topic: Forces of Division in British North America

46. Colonial religious practices underwent several changes during the Great Awakening.

Explain how different groups adjusted to these changes. What was the aftermath of the Great

Awakening?

Answer will vary

Topic: Enlightenment and Awakening in America

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