THINK Social Psychology 1st Canadian Edition By Duff Peace – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

1) We make inferences about others based on nonverbal cues because ________.

a. people often prefer to communicate nonverbally rather than verbally

b. nonverbal cues are always more reliable than verbal cues

c. people often do not disclose their true motives, thoughts, or feelings

d. nonverbal cues are interpreted the same way across different situations

Answer: c

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Conceptual

2) ___________ are defined as behaviours, gestures, and expressions that convey thought

or emotion without words.

a. Verbal cues

b. Nonverbal cues

c. Oral cues

d. Inferences

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Factual

3) Facial expressions, eye movements, and bodily gestures are considered examples of:

a. verbal cues.

b. inferences.

c. oral cues.

d. nonverbal cues.

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 78

Skill: Factual

4) John is angry at his friend Peter and does not want to talk to him. He sits with his arms

crossed and faces away from Peter. John is communicating his anger in what way?

a. With his thoughts

b. With an oral cue

c. With a nonverbal cue

d. With a verbal cue

Answer: c

Diff: Easy

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 1Chapter 5: Social Perception

Type: MC

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Applied

5) Which of the following is NOT considered one of the six basic emotions that are

conveyed with the same expression across different cultures?

a. Envy

b. Fear

c. Sadness

d. Anger

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Conceptual

6) Pride and shame may be basic emotions because:

a. they are recognized by nonhuman animals.

b. they elicit action from observers.

c. they must be consciously expressed.

d. they are recognized cross-culturally.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Factual

7) ________ are very brief and involuntary facial expressions that reflect our underlying

emotions.

a. Macroexpressions

b. Microexpressions

c. Micropulsatiles

d. Macropulsatiles

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Factual

8) Interchannel discrepancies refer to:

a. the variance between distinctiveness and consistency.

b. discrepancies in nonverbal cues communicated by different body parts.

c. differences between situational and dispositional attributions.

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Duff and Peace

d. disparities between correspondent inferences and fundamental attributions.

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Factual

9) Which of the following is true regarding deception?

a. We tend to assume that people are generally honest.

b. People deceive others much less than we expect them to.

c. People are excellent at detecting deception in others.

d. We lie more often to friends and family than we do to strangers.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Factual

10) Two identical gestures can be interpreted in entirely different ways. According to

your textbook, why does this occur?

a. Because people are not intelligent

b. Because people are often tired

c. Because the interpretation of a gesture often depends on the context

d. It is not clear why gestures can interpreted in different ways.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Conceptual

11) In general, research suggests that we are __________ at detecting lies.

a. excellent

b. 100% accurate

c. very bad

d. slightly better than chance

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Conceptual

12) Liars in an Internet setting have been found to use:

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 3Chapter 5: Social Perception

a. more first person pronouns.

b. less words.

c. less third person pronouns.

d. fewer first person pronouns.

Answer: d

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Factual

13) Your sister borrowed your bicycle and tells you it was stolen even though she locked

it up. You think that she is lying to you and just forgot to lock it up. You are likely to be

correct in believing that she is lying if:

a. you are mimicking your sister’s nonverbal behaviour.

b. you rely upon nonverbal cues rather than verbal cues.

c. she is failing to describe visual images and reports fewer details.

d. she provides spontaneous corrections and reports many details.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Application

14) Research by Mann, Vrij, and Bull (2004) showed that police officers who were

considered experienced lie detection experts were:

a. accurate at detecting lies 82 percent of the time.

b. accurate at detecting lies 80 percent of the time.

c. less accurate at detecting lies when relying on nonverbal cues.

d. less accurate at detecting lies when relying on verbal cues.

Answer: c

Diff: Challenging

Type: MC

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Factual

15) You believe that people who steal are self-interested and dishonest. What type of

attribution are you making to explain their behaviour?

a. A situational attribution

b. A dispositional attribution

c. An extrinsic attribution

d. An external attribution

Answer: b

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Duff and Peace

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

16) You believe that people who steal may be forced into this behaviour because they live

in poverty and don’t have enough resources. What type of attribution are you making to

explain their behaviour?

a. A dispositional attribution

b. A situational attribution

c. An intrinsic attribution

d. An internal attribution

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

17) Inferring that a person’s traits caused his or her behaviour is known as a(n)

__________.

a. situational attribution

b. dispositional attribution

c. extrinsic attribution

d. external attribution

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

18) The assumption that the environment or situation caused an individual’s behaviour is

a(n) example of a(n) _________ attribution.

a. situational

b. dispositional

c. intrinsic

d. internal

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 5Chapter 5: Social Perception

19) Jane’s teacher assigns her to write a paper favouring abortion. Based on the

correspondent inference theory, what could you conclude about Jane’s attitude towards

abortion?

a. Jane is in favour of abortion.

b. Jane is against of abortion/

c. Jane is unsure if she is for or against abortion.

d. We cannot conclude whether Jane is for or against abortion based on this information.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Conceptual

20) Which of the following is a theory designed to explain the attributions people make?

a. Covariation theory

b. Social comparison theory

c. Correspondent inference theory

d. Both covariation theory and correspondent inference theory

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

21) According to the covariation theory, we use what three types of information to make

attributions for other people’s behaviour?

a. Compliance, consensus, and distinctiveness

b. Compliance, consistency, and temperament

c. Conformity, consistency, and distinctiveness

d. Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Answer: d

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

22) Paul is having trouble getting his iPod to work. If you ask him whether he typically

has trouble using his iPod, you are seeking information about:

a. consensus.

b. conformity.

c. consistency.

d. both consensus and conformity.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 6THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

Answer: c

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

23) If a person always responds in the same way to a stimulus across all contexts, then

what type of attribution will likely be made?

a. A dispositional attribution

b. An external attribution

c. An extrinsic attribution

d. There is no way to know what type of attribution will be made.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Conceptual

24) Research by Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz (1977) found that individuals who were

randomly assigned to be “questioners” were perceived as being ________ relative to

those assigned to be “respondents” on a series of general knowledge questions.

a. more intelligent

b. less intelligent

c. more authoritarian

d. less authoritarian

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Factual

25) When confronted with negative emotions, we tend to:

a. believe others are being honest.

b. believe we are being deceived.

c. make dispositional attributions.

d. make situational attributions.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Conceptual

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 7Chapter 5: Social Perception

26) What do both the correspondent inference theory and the covariation theory assume

about how we attribute causes to behaviours?

a. That we are not very intelligent when we attribute causes to behaviours.

b. That we are biased thinkers when we attribute causes to behaviours.

c. That we are rational and logical when we attribute causes to behaviours.

d. These theories do not make assumptions about how we attribute causes to behaviours.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Conceptual

27) The fundamental attribution error is a more commonly known name for__________.

a. covariation

b. the correspondence bias

c. correspondent inference theory

d. covariation theory

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Factual

28) Brenda has not turned in her homework for over a week and her teacher assumes that

she is lazy and unmotivated. It never occurs to Brenda’s teacher that she is under a lot of

stress and dealing with difficult life circumstances. The teacher’s explanation for

Brenda’s behaviour can be considered an example of:

a. the correspondence bias.

b. the planning fallacy.

c. the attributional error effect.

d. the false consensus effect.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Applied

29) Jones and Harris (1967) found that subjects still attributed pro-Castro attitudes to

essay authors even when the subjects knew that the authors had no choice but to write the

essays. This is evidence for:

a. the correspondence bias.

b. the false consensus effect.

c. belief perseverance.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 8THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

d. the self-serving bias.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Factual

30) Which of the following statements is true regarding the tendency to make trait-based

inferences about others?

a. We tend to infer traits only when we have a motivation for doing so.

b. We tend to infer traits intentionally.

c. We tend to infer traits automatically.

d. We tend to infer traits only when we are asked to form impressions of others.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 83

Skill: Conceptual

31) ___________ is defined as the process of automatically inferring traits from another

person’s behaviour.

a. Actor-observer effect

b. Three-stage model of attribution

c. Fundamental attribution error

d. Spontaneous trait inference

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Factual

32) You see a man bump into and knock over an elderly woman crossing the street

without stopping to help her up. According to the phenomenon of spontaneous trait

inference, you would likely assume the man:

a. didn’t realize he knocked the elderly women over.

b. had an emergency and needed to hurry.

c. was unkind.

d. was feeling sick.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 9Chapter 5: Social Perception

Skill: Applied

33) Suppose someone robbed a bank. How would Lee, who is from a collectivist culture,

be most likely to explain this behaviour?

a. The robber is immoral.

b. The robber is dishonest.

c. The robber is stealing to take care of his family.

d. The robber is both immoral and dishonest.

Answer: c

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Applied

34) Suppose someone robbed a bank. How would Megan, who is from an individualistic

culture, be most likely to explain this behaviour?

a. The robber is immoral.

b. The robber is stealing to take care of his family.

c. The robber had a poor upbringing and didn’t know right from wrong.

d. The robber was negatively influenced by his peers.

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Applied

35) People from collectivist cultures are more likely to make __________ attributions for

behaviour, while people from individualistic cultures are more likely to make

__________ attributions for behaviour.

a. external; situational

b. situational; dispositional

c. internal; dispositional

d. internal; external

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Conceptual

36) According to your textbook, cultural differences in how behaviour is explained seem

to increase with _______.

a. income

b. age

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Duff and Peace

c. self-awareness

d. education

Answer: b

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Factual

37) Individuals who are from ________ cultures are less likely to make ________.

a. individualistic; spontaneous trait inferences

b. socialist; situational inferences

c. communist; dispositional inferences

d. collectivist; spontaneous trait inferences

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Factual

38) Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the three-stage model of

attribution?

a. Automatically characterize a behaviour

b. Automatically make a situational attribution

c. Automatically make a dispositional inference

d. Use conscious effort to correct for situational constraints

Answer: b

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Conceptual

39) According to the three-stage model of attribution, what do people need to have

available to be able to correct situational constraints on behaviour?

a. Imagination, humility, flexibility

b. Information, intelligence, self-esteem

c. Self-awareness, evidence, morals

d. Time, energy, and motivation

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Conceptual

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 11Chapter 5: Social Perception

40) Individuals high in___________ like to think, solve problems, and understand their

world accurately.

a. need for education

b. need for understanding

c. need for cognition

d. need for intelligence

Answer: c

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Factual

41) Compared with an individual high in need for cognition, research suggests that an

individual low in need for cognition is more likely to engage in what phenomenon?

a. The three-stage model of attribution

b. The self-serving bias

c. Belief in a just world

d. The correspondence bias

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Conceptual

42) Daniel enjoys spending time thinking about important issues and loves to solve

problems for his friends. Daniel is likely high in which of the following characteristics?

a. Need for cognition

b. Need for self-esteem

c. Ingratiation

d. Self-awareness

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

43) Pamela believes that women who are on welfare are responsible for their situation

and she doesn’t believe they deserve help from the government. Pamela is illustrating:

a. self-serving bias.

b. belief in a just world.

c. need for cognition.

d. the halo effect.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 12THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

44) The notion that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad

people is known as:

a. self-serving bias.

b. spontaneous trait inference.

c. need for cognition.

d. belief in a just world.

Answer: d

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Factual

45) Which of the following statements about impression formation is supported by

research?

a. Impression formation always requires controlled processing.

b. Impression formation always takes conscious effort.

c. Impression formation often happens almost instantaneously.

d. Impression formation always requires both controlled processing and conscious effort.

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Conceptual

46) Solomon Asch conducted a study on impression formation by asking participants to

rate the description of a person. He provided both groups of participants with the same

information but varied the order of the adjectives he provided so that some participants

learned about positive qualities first while others learned about negative qualities first.

What was Asch’s major finding?

a. Both groups rated the target as highly likeable.

b. Both groups rated the target as highly unlikeable.

c. The group that learned of the negative qualities first rated the target more highly.

d. The group that learned of the positive qualities first rated the target more highly.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 13Chapter 5: Social Perception

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Factual

47) Your friend is setting you up on a blind date. She tells you that your date is arrogant,

intelligent, motivated, and kind. Based on Asch’s work on impression formation, which

of those characteristics will likely impact your judgment the most?

a. Arrogant

b. Motivated

c. Kind

d. Intelligent

Answer: a

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Applied

48) You want to make a good impression in your job interview. Based on your

knowledge of the primacy effect, what would be the most effective strategy?

a. Talk about why you disliked your last job

b. Present your future employer with information about your weaknesses before your

strengths

c. Present your future employer with information about your strengths before your

weaknesses

d. Don’t provide any information about your strengths or weaknesses

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Applied

49) Which of the following describes the phenomenon whereby the first pieces of

information to which we are exposed have the most impact on our judgment?

a. The halo effect

b. The first impression effect

c. The primacy effect

d. The primal effect

Answer: c

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Factual

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Duff and Peace

50) Which of the following describes the phenomenon whereby the last pieces of

information to which we are exposed have heightened impact on our judgments, relative

to information received in the middle?

a. The halo effect

b. The what is beautiful is good effect

c. The recency effect

d. The finale effect

Answer: c

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Factual

51) Compared with information offered last, information offered first will:

a. have a shorter-term effect on your impressions.

b. have no effect on your impressions.

c. be processed less thoroughly.

d. have a longer-term effect on your impressions.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Conceptual

52) Widmeyer and Loy (1988) had a visiting professor come in to provide a “neutral”

lecture. Before the lecture, half of the class was told that he was a warm person and the

other half was told that he was cold and distant. Which of the following best summarizes

the student’s ratings of the lecturer?

a. First impressions had no effect on student’s ratings of the professor.

b. Student ratings reflected their first impression of the professor.

c. All students rated the professor as warm, regardless of first impression.

d. All students rated the professor as cold, regardless of first impression.

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Factual

53) The___________ is a phenomenon wherein beautiful things are seen as good and

thus activate positive things in our mind.

a. attractive effect

b. what is beautiful is good effect

c. what is ugly is bad effect

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 15Chapter 5: Social Perception

d. actor-observer effect

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88

Skill: Factual

54) Olson and Marsheutz (2005) found that exposure to pictures of beautiful faces leads

to faster categorization of ________ relative to exposure to unattractive faces.

a. nonverbal behaviour

b. negative traits

c. positive traits

d. verbal behaviour

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Factual

55) Jarrod is a handsome university athlete and, as a result, many people also view him as

friendly, outgoing, warm, and very likeable. This illustrates what phenomenon?

a. The primacy effect

b. The actor-observer effect

c. The what is beautiful is good effect

d. The recency effect

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 88–89

Skill: Applied

56) Joshua has what many people refer to as a ‘baby-face.’ Based on research presented

in your textbook, how will people tend to perceive him?

a. As mean-spirited

b. As tough

c. As naive

d. As dominant

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Applied

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Duff and Peace

57) Which of the following is NOT identified as a facial feature that leads to the tendency

to perceive someone as more kindhearted?

a. Thin lips

b. A round face

c. Curly hair

d. Large eyes

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Conceptual

58) When one positive thing is known or believed about a target person, we tend to infer

that the individual is positive overall and thus has other positive features. This is termed:

a. the halo effect.

b. what is beautiful is good effect.

c. spontaneous trait inference.

d. the actor-observer effect.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Factual

59) Which of the following is an example of the reverse halo effect?

a. Helen is unattractive, and her boss thinks she is also an unreliable worker.

b. Hailey is unattractive, but her boss thinks she is also a good worker.

c. Joan is attractive, but her boss thinks she is also an unreliable worker.

d. Martha is attractive, and her boss thinks she is also a good worker.

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Applied

60) Kathie drinks three cups of coffee a day and believes coffee is good for her health.

Recently she comes across an article providing information about both the positive and

negative effects of coffee on health. When later explaining the article to a friend she only

recalls the reasons it might be beneficial while leaving out the information concerning

why it might be harmful. This represents an example of:

a. fundamental attribution error.

b. confirmation bias.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 17Chapter 5: Social Perception

c. correspondence bias.

d. self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer: b

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Applied

61) Denis believes that Dirk is an honest person, despite the fact the Denis know Dirk has

lied about multiple things. Which of the following does this exemplify?

a. Belief perseverance

b. Social hypothesis testing

c. Correspondence bias

d. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Application

62) Maintaining our beliefs even in the face of contradictory information is known as

_________.

a. belief perseverance

b. confirmation bias

c. correspondence bias

d. self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Factual

63) Judy is going on a date but does not expect to have a good time. She acts in a way

that communicates to her date that she is bored and disinterested. As a result, he behaves

bored and disinterested. This exemplifies what phenomenon?

a. Belief perseverance

b. Confirmatory hypothesis testing

c. Self-fulfilling prophecy

d. Attribution bias

Answer: c

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 18THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Applied

64) According to your textbook, we can conclude which of the following regarding the

effect of a teacher’s expectations on school children’s performance?

a. A teacher’s expectations alone can cause a student to perform poorly.

b. A teacher’s expectations are usually inaccurate.

c. A teacher’s expectations alone can cause a student to perform well.

d. A teacher’s expectations can be self-fulfilling but not necessarily inevitable.

Answer: d

Diff: Moderate

Type: MC

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Conceptual

65) Research supports the idea that we are generally more accurate in perceiving people

under what circumstance?

a. When we are feeling happy

b. When we are familiar with a person

c. When we utilize heuristics

d. When we are judging members of our outgroup

Answer: b

Diff: Difficult

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

66) The theory of ________ claims that a high motivation for accuracy will lead people

to engage in extensive diagnostic testing, to generate alternative hypotheses, and to take

those hypotheses into account as they make decisions.

a. self-fulfilling prophecy

b. social hypothesis testing

c. social heuristics

d. deception

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: MC

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Factual

67) People in Western, but not Eastern, cultures will identify a furrowed brow and pursed

lips as anger.

a. True

b. False

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 19Chapter 5: Social Perception

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 79

Skill: Comprehension

68) Culture may partially determine the type of gaze we display.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Factual

69) You would predict that Brendon, an Internet user, would be more likely to be lying if

he was using more words and more third-person pronouns in his correspondence with

others.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Applied

70) An Internet liar is more likely to use a lot of first person pronouns.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 80

Skill: Factual

71) Liars engage in more spontaneous corrections than truth tellers.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 20THINK Social Psychology, Ce

Duff and Peace

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Factual

72) Nonverbal cues tend to be better indicators of deception than verbal cues.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Challenging

Type: TF

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Comprehension

73) Self-verification refers to the notion that we want others to see us the way we see

ourselves.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 81

Skill: Factual

74) Explaining Maureen’s bad test grade by suggesting she is not intelligent is an

example of a situational attribution.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

75) Rachel can be considered high in the need for cognition since she likes having the

responsibility of dealing with situations that require a great deal of thought.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 21Chapter 5: Social Perception

76) The ideas that ‘bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good

people’ is known as ‘belief in a just world.’

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Factual

77) It takes a very long time for people to form impressions of another person.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Conceptual

78) According to research by Asch, if you wanted to make a long-lasting, good

impression on your new roommates, you should present positive information about

yourself before negative information.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Applied

79) The primacy effect is a phenomenon whereby the first pieces of information to which

we are exposed have the least impact on our judgments.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Factual

80) By continuing to believe that smoking is not harmful to his health despite evidence of

its link to lung cancer, John is illustrating a self-fulfilling prophecy.

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Duff and Peace

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Applied

81) The self-fulfilling prophecy suggests that if we expect that something will happen, we

may elicit the very behaviour we expected.

a. True

b. False

Answer: a

Diff: Easy

Type: TF

Page Reference: 90

Skill: Factual

82) Motivation to be accurate does not appear to be important for the formation of

accurate impressions.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b

Diff: Moderate

Type: TF

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Conceptual

83) Why are nonverbal cues important for understanding other people’s thoughts and

behaviours?

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 78–81

Skill: Conceptual

84) Suppose a child steals money from his sibling. Provide both a dispositional and

situational explanation for this behaviour.

Answer:

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 23Chapter 5: Social Perception

Diff: Easy

Type: ES

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Applied

85) Describe the correspondence inference theory.

Answer:

Diff: Easy

Type: ES

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

86) Compare and contrast the types of attributions that are made in individualistic

cultures compared with collectivist cultures.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Conceptual

87) Define spontaneous trait inference and provide an example.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 84

Skill: Factual

88) How do dispositional and situational attributions differ from our ideological beliefs

(e.g., liberal versus conservative)? Include references to “belief in a just world” in your

answer.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

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Duff and Peace

Type: ES

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Comprehension

89) How would the primacy effect influence your impression of someone else?

Answer:

Diff: Easy

Type: ES

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Conceptual

90) Describe the halo effect and provide an example.

Answer:

Diff: Easy

Type: ES

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Factual

91) When are we more likely to be accurate when forming impressions of other people?

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 91

Skill: Conceptual

92) As described in your textbook, what nonverbal behaviours have been identified in

past research as being indicative of lying? What types of verbal cues have been identified

as indicative of lying?

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 80–81

Skill: Factual

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 25Chapter 5: Social Perception

93) What are the three factors of correspondence inference theory? Provide a real-world

example of each factor and explain how each factor influences dispositional versus

situational attributions for behaviour.

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 82

Skill: Factual

94) According to covariation theory, what are the three types of information we rely on

when making judgments of others? Describe the experiment by Hazelwood and Olson

(1986) that demonstrates how attributions differ depending on whether or not they are

aware of their own attributional process.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

Page Reference: 82–83

Skill: Factual

95) Anna has a high need for cognition. Describe what Anna is probably like in her day

to day life. Is Anna more or less likely to engage in the correspondence bias? Why or

why not?

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 85

Skill: Applied

96) Why are some people motivated to have ‘belief in a just world’? Describe the

practical implications of just world beliefs for victims of misfortune or those who need

assistance.

Answer:

Diff: Challenging

Type: ES

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Page Reference: 85–86

Skill: Conceptual

97) Compare and contrast the impact of the primacy and recency effect in impression

formation. Can the recency effect undo the primacy effect?

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 87

Skill: Conceptual

98) Derek is an attractive businessman. Based on information from the ‘what is beautiful

is good effect’ and the ‘halo effect,’ how are we likely to view and treat Derek? What life

expectancies are we likely to have for Derek?

Answer:

Diff: Moderate

Type: ES

Page Reference: 89

Skill: Applied

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