THINK Psychology 2nd Edition By Baird – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

CHAPTER 4

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. 2. 3. 4. For many generations, marriage in America has involved a man and a woman. Now, state laws

are changing to allow same-sex marriage. This means that the __________________ of marriage

is changing.

a. social structure

b. status

c. social class

d. stigma

(Application; answer: a; page 67)

Renee is examining the sexual behavior of teenagers in the United States and in India. She

suspects that the availability of condoms and other forms of birth control in a society impacts the

likelihood that a teen will become sexually active. As Renee’s study is concerned with large scale

society, her study reflects:

a. Microsociology

b. Macrosociology

c. Mechanical Solidarity

d. Organic Solidarity

(Application; answer: b; page 67)

Lakedra is examining the sexual behavior of teenagers in the United States. She suspects that peer

pressure of sexuality encourages early sexual experimentation. As Lakedra’s study is concerned

with the small interactions of daily life, her study is focused on:

a. Microsociology

b. Macrosociology

c. Mechanical Solidarity

d. Organic Solidarity

(Application; answer: a; page 67)

Delta Phi Epsilon is a sorority made up of young women who have similar norms, values, and

behaviors. Even more, they spend a great deal of time with one another doing community service

projects, attending parties, and studying. The ladies of Delta Phi Epsilon are an example of a:

a. Group

b. Status

c. Social Class

d. Social Structure

(Application; answer: a; page 67)

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50Chapter 4 Social Structure

5. The Bundy family is made up of Al, Peggy, Bud, and Kelly. This family represents a:

a. Secondary Group

b. Social Class

c. Primary Group

d. Social Structure

6. 7. (Application; answer: c; page 67)

On the first Friday of every month, all of the attorneys from the Lieberman & Lieberman law firm

go out for drinks after work. The attorneys from the law firm are an example of a:

a. Primary Group

b. Social Class

c. Social Structure

d. Secondary Group

(Application; answer: d; page 67)

Evan and Lisa are similar in their access to power, wealth and prestige. As such, Evan and Lisa

are in the same:

a. Social Structure

b. Social Institution

c. Social Class

d. Social Structure

8. (Application; answer: c; page 67)

Lisa has more wealth and power than Jennifer. As such, Lisa occupies a higher:

a. Stigma

b. Status

c. Group

d. Role

9. (Application; answer: b; page 68)

Morgan is the captain of the football team. Being captain is Morgan’s:

a. Status

b. Role

c. Stigma

d. Social Class

(Application; answer: a; page 68)

10. Louis is an African American male. “African American” is a(n):

a. Achieved Status

b. Ascribed Status

c. Master Status

d. Role Performance

(Application; answer: b; page 68)

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51Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

11. Herbie is a doctor, a boyfriend, a golfer, a son and a guitarist. To Herbie, being a doctor is the

most important status in his life, so he gravitates toward that one. As such, “doctor” is Herbie’s:

a. Ascribed Status

b. Achieved Status

c. Master Status

d. Role Expectation

(Application; answer: c; page 68)

12. Your _______________ status is earned, while your _______________status is assigned.

a. ascribed; achieved

b. master; ascribed

c. achieved; master

d. achieved; ascribed

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 68)

13. The professor lectures in all of his classes. Being a lecturer is the professor’s:

a. Status

b. Role

c. Stigma

d. Social Structure

(Application; answer: b; page 68)

14. Martina is an Honors Student. Honors Student is a(n):

a. Achieved Status

b. Ascribed Status

c. Master Status

d. Role Expectation

(Application; answer: a; page 68)

15. When Marcia is arrested, she anticipates that the officers will handcuff her but treat her with

respect. These are Marcia’s ___________an arresting officer.

a. Ascribed Status

b. Role Conflict

c. Role Expectations

d. Role Strain

(Application; answer: c; page 68)

16. Veronica is angry that the sales clerk did not offer to help her while she shopped for new shoes.

Veronica tells the store manager that the sales clerk did not do what was expected of her.

Veronica is evaluating the sales clerk’s:

a. Role Performance

b. Role Strain

c. Role Conflict

d. Master Status

(Application; answer: a; page 68)

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52Chapter 4 Social Structure

17. Aaron is a politician, a son, a father, a brother, a husband, a coach and a neighbor. All of these

together make up Aaron’s:

a. Role Set

b. Role Conflict

c. Role Strain

d. Role Performance

(Application; answer: a; page 69)

18. As a mother, Jenny is expected to be at her daughter’s dance recital this afternoon. However, as

dean of the college, Jenny is expected to participate in a college-wide meeting for upper-level

administrators. Because Jenny is being forced to choose between the competing demands of two

different roles, she is experiencing:

a. Role Performance

b. Role Set

c. Role Strain

d. Role Conflict

(Application; answer: d; page 69)

19. Professor Mitchum needs to prepare a test for her 9:00 class and prepare a lecture for her 10:00

class. As she is unable to satisfy all of the demands of being a professor, Professor Mitchum is

experiencing:

a. Role Strain

b. Role Conflict

c. Role Performance

d. Role Set

(Application; answer: a; page 69)

20. Earl is a known sexual offender. Because of this status, Earl has a hard time getting a job, his

neighbors shun him, and women reject his advances for a relationship. The mark of disgrace

associated with being a sexual offender is called:

a. Stigma

b. Role Strain

c. Role Performance

d. Role Conflict

(Application; answer: a; page 69)

21. Shawna is severely obese. She is 5’7” and weighs 732 pounds. She cannot hide her weight, so

people often stare at her when she is in public. Shawna is experiencing:

a. Role Conflict

b. Discredited Stigma

c. Role Strain

d. Discreditable Stigma

(Application; answer: b; page 69)

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53Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

22. Shirley no longer has control of her bladder. However, she can conceal this fact from others by

wearing special extra-absorbent underwear. Because Shirley is able to hide her problem from

others, this is an example of a:

a. Discredited Stigma

b. Role Conflict

c. Discreditable Stigma

d. Role Strain

(Application; answer: c; page 69)

23. Gerhard Lenski suggests that the evolution of society consists of _______ main stages.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 8

(Knowledge; answer: b; page 70)

24. Jerome’s in class presentation is on the first stage in the evolution of society. Jerome will be

discussing ___________________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Application; answer: a; page 70)

25. Lorraine is studying about societies in which nomads foraged for food. Lorraine is studying

_______________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Application; answer: a; page 70)

26. Today, Professor Berardo is going to discuss societies in which humans developed methods to

raise cows, goats, and chickens to increase the food supply. Dr. Berardo will be lecturing on

________________________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Application; answer: b; page 70)

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54Chapter 4 Social Structure

27. Ike is learning about societies in which machines are used to help workers do their jobs more

efficiently. Ike is learning about _______________________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Application; answer: c; page 71)

28. The microchip is an example of something developed in_______________________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 71)

29. Roschella is studying societies that have an economy based on service and technology, have a

high standard of living, and are dependent on other countries to provide food and manufactured

goods. Roschella is studying ___________________ societies.

a. hunting and gathering

b. agricultural

c. industrial

d. postindustrial

(Application; answer: d; page 71)

30. The class presentations will take the following order: Cindy will present on family; Jan will

present on education; Marsha will present on religious systems; Peter will present on economic

systems; and Greg will present on political systems. The students are presenting on:

a. Social Institutions

b. Social Sciences

c. Social Class

d. Societies

(Application; answer: a; page 71)

31. Aminata wants to build a career in the social institution concerned with the consumption,

production, and orderly transfer of goods. Aminata wants to work within the:

a. Educational System

b. Legal System

c. Political System

d. Economic System

(Application; answer: d; page 72)

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55Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

32. Davi’s research focuses on the distribution of power within society. Davi is most concerned with:

a. Economic Systems

b. Political Systems

c. Religious System

d. Educational Systems

(Application; answer: b; page 72)

33. Which of the following social institutions are cultural universals?

a. Families

b. Educational Systems

c. Religious Systems

d. All of the above

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 72)

34. Increased specialization in society helps to foster a greater degree of interdependence. The

interdependence that holds society together is called:

a. Master Status

b. Mechanical Solidarity

c. Primary Groups

d. Organic Solidarity

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 72)

35. In the U.S., there is a diverse division of labor. We rely on farmers, truckers, grocers, teachers,

lawyers, physicians, and plumbers to meet our needs. This reflects:

a. Master Status

b. Mechanical Solidarity

c. Primary Groups

d. Organic Solidarity

(Application; answer: d; page 72)

36. In hunting and gathering societies, all people are involved in obtaining food for survival. This

commonality holds them together and is an example of:

a. Master Status

b. Mechanical Solidarity

c. Primary Groups

d. Organic Solidarity

(Application; answer: b; page 72)

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56Chapter 4 Social Structure

37. Although Sundiata goes to McDonald’s on his lunch break at least twice a week, his social

connection to the restaurant cashier is very impersonal and formal. In fact, Sundiata does not even

know the cashier’s name. This is an example of:

a. Backstage

b. Front stage

c. Gemeinschaft

d. Gesellschaft

(Application; answer: d; page 73)

38. The Rivers family has lived next door to the Huxtable family for three generations. The families

have a very close friendship. This relationship is an example of:

a. Gesellschaft

b. Gemeinschaft

c. Front stage

d. Backstage

(Application; answer: b; page 73)

39. When Rachel visited her friends in Spain, she noticed that the Spaniards stood very close to her

when holding a conversation. Rachel felt somewhat uncomfortable because the Spaniards were

breaking through the invisible bubble that is supposed to insulate her from others. Rachel felt that

her _____________ was being violated.

a. personal space

b. front stage

c. backstage

d. public distance

(Application; answer: a; page 74)

40. Laverne and Shirley are very close. Their zone of personal space reserved for one another is

called:

a. Personal Distance

b. Intimate Distance

c. Public Distance

d. Social Distance

(Application; answer: a; page 74)

41. Zhou Ping just arrived in the U.S. and wants to know the normal distance Americans keep

between them when they are engaging in normal conversations. Zhou Ping is concerned about:

a. Social Distance

b. Public Distance

c. Intimate Distance

d. Personal Distance

(Application; answer: d; page 74)

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57Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

42. Mary Jo is interviewing for a new position with Disney Productions. At the interview, Mary Jo is

seated 5 feet away from the interviewers. This is an example of:

a. Intimate Distance

b. Public Distance

c. Social Distance

d. Personal Distance

(Application; answer: c; page 75)

43. At the presidential inauguration, the speakers stand away from the audience. This is an example

of:

a. Social Distance

b. Public Distance

c. Personal Distance

d. Intimate Distance

(Application; answer: b; page 75)

44. The idea that life is like acting is called:

a. Role Performance

b. Face-Saving Work

c. Dramaturgy

d. Impression Management

(Knowledge; answer: c; page 75)

45. Craig is dating Natalie. He wants her parents to like him so he works hard to show them that he is

respectful, polite, and charming. His attempt to shape how they view him is an example of:

a. The Backstage

b. Impression Management

c. The Front stage

d. Embarrassment

(Application; answer: b; page 75)

46. While teaching a class, Professor Holt’s stomach growls loudly. Professor Holt makes a self-

deprecating joke and laughs along with her students. This is an example of:

a. Personal Space

b. Embarrassment

c. Face-Saving Work

d. Intimate Distance

(Application; answer: c; page 75)

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58Chapter 4 Social Structure

47. When Ted was convicted of murder, all of the neighbors were very surprised. They all said, “He

seemed like such a nice young man.” The part of himself that Ted showed to the neighbors was

the:

a. Backstage

b. Front Stage

c. Personal Distance

d. Intimate Distance

(Application; answer: b; page 75)

48. Around others, Winston appears to be tolerant of people from all walks of life. However, when he

gets around his family and close friends he openly discusses his beliefs about the superiority of

his racial group and the inferiority of other racial groups. This reflects Winston’s ___________

behavior.

a. social distance

b. backstage

c. public distance

d. front stage

(Application; answer: b; page 75)

49. On a job interview, Homer wants to present himself as professional and organized. When he goes

into his briefcase to pull out a copy of his resume, Homer realizes that he does not have it. When

Homer realizes that his act has failed, he experiences:

a. Role Strain

b. Role Conflict

c. Embarrassment

d. Public Distance

(Application; answer: c; page 75)

50. Lydia and Marissa are both Hispanic women in their late 20s. This scenario illustrates:

a. Self-Focused Impression Management

b. Face-Saving Work

c. Supervisor-Focused Impression Management

d. Demographic Similarity

(Application; answer: d; page 76)

51. Rita often sees her boss at Starbucks getting coffee before work. Rita uses these “chance

meetings” to show her boss how friendly she is and to occasionally boast on her professional

accomplishments. This illustrates:

a. Self-Focused Impression Management

b. Face Saving Work

c. Supervisor-Focused Impression Management

d. Demographic Similarity

(Application; answer: a; page 76)

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59Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

52. Stephanie wants a promotion on her job. She always agrees with her boss’ opinions and often

says that the boss’ ideas are “brilliant!” This is an example of:

a. Supervisor-Focused Impression Management

b. Self-Focused Impression Management

c. Demographic Similarity

d. Face Saving Work

(Application; answer: a; page 76)

53. Ronald believes that the various elements of society fit together like pieces of a puzzle. Ronald is

a :

a. Functionalist

b. Symbolic Interactionist

c. Conflict Theorist

d. Dramaturgist

(Application; answer: a; page 76)

54. Durkheim suggested that there are essential features that hold society together. These are called:

a. Social Structures

b. Social Classes

c. Social Institutions

d. Functional Requisites

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 76)

55. In the U.S., children are taught to value education, to respect authority, and to be patriotic. This is

an example of which task of society?

a. Adaptation and Replacement

b. Socialization and Orientation

c. Production and Economy Production

d. Unity and Purpose

(Application; answer: b; page 76)

56. Grady believes that if men define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences.

Grady supports:

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. The Social Construction of Reality

d. Dramaturgy

(Application; answer: c; page 76)

57. The Thomas Theorem is in line with:

a. Functionalism

b. Conflict Theory

c. Symbolic Interactionsim

d. Dramaturgy

(Application; answer: c; page 76)

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60Chapter 4 Social Structure

58. Crystal is concerned with the functional requisite that deals with the creation of social norms and

laws. She is concerned with:

a. Adaptation and Replacement

b. Socialization and Orientation

c. Social Order

d. Unity and Purpose

(Application; answer: c; page 77)

59. According to the functionalists, every society needs to have some common thoughts, beliefs and

attitudes. This means that a society needs:

a. Adaptation and Replacement

b. Social Order

c. Socialization and Orientation

d. Unity and Purpose

(Knowledge; answer: d; page 77)

60. The process of teaching Native Americans “white ways” is called:

a. Dismantling

b. Accommodating

c. Americanizing

d. Face-Saving

(Application; answer: c; page 77)

TRUE/FALSE

61. People belong to more secondary groups than primary groups. (Knowledge; answer: T; page 67)

62. Social class can affect one’s health. (Knowledge; answer: T; page 67)

63. In China, people are unable to change their social class. (Knowledge; answer: F; page 68)

64. Hunters and gatherers existed in groups of about 2,000 people. (Knowledge; answer: F; page 70)

65. With the invention of the plow, industrial societies developed. (Knowledge; answer: F; page 70)

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

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61Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

66. Postindustrial societies have the most developed material culture. T F

(Knowledge; answer: T; page 71)

67. Every region in the world has some type of educational system. T F

(Knowledge; answer: T; page 72)

68. Gemeinschaft involves formal and impersonal relationships. T F

(Knowledge; answer: F; page 73)

69. Gesellschaft involves personal relationships based on friendship and kinship. T F

(Knowledge; answer: F; page 73)

70. Most social interaction is front stage behavior. T F

(Knowledge; answer: T; page 75)

71. Symbolic interactionists are concerned with man’s creation of reality. T F

(Knowledge; answer: T; page 76)

72. Socialization can occur without a means of communication. T F

(Knowledge; answer: F; page 77)

73. The Dawes Act gave whites guardianship over Native American lands. T F

(Knowledge; answer: T; page 77)

SHORT ANSWER

74.

_____________________ is the study of large-scale society, focusing on the social structures that

exist within a society and examining how those structures create the social world.

(Knowledge; answer: Macrosociology; page 67)

75. ______________________ is the study of the small interactions of daily life.

(Knowledge; answer: Microsociology; page 67)

76. ______________________ are patterns of relationships that endure from one generation to the

next.

(Knowledge; answer: Social structures; page 67)

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62Chapter 4 Social Structure

77.

________________________ are any number of people with similar norms, values, and

behaviors who frequently interact with one another.

(Knowledge; answer: Groups; page 67)

78. ________________________________ are groups that are small, intimate, and enduring.

(Knowledge; answer: Primary groups; page 67)

79. ________________________ are groups that are formal, superficial, and temporary.

(Knowledge; answer: Secondary groups; page 67)

80. A group with similar access to power, wealth, and prestige is a _______________.

(Knowledge; answer: social class; page 67)

81.

_________________________ is the position that you occupy within the social structure, which

is often closely linked to social class.

(Knowledge; answer: Status; page 68)

82.

________________________ is a type of position that you earn or do something to attain.

(Knowledge; answer: Achieved status; page 68)

83.

________________________________ is a position in society that is given or assigned.

(Knowledge; answer: Ascribed status; page 68)

84. ________________________________ is the status toward which we gravitate.

(Knowledge; answer: Master status; page 68)

85. The behavior of a specific status is called a ________________________________.

(Knowledge; answer: role; page 68)

86. ________________________________ are the anticipated behaviors for a particular role.

(Knowledge; answer: Role expectations; page 68)

87. ________________________________ is the degree to which a person plays the role in a manner

we expect.

(Knowledge; answer: Role performance; page 68)

88. ________________________________ is a phenomenon occurring when one is forced to choose

between the competing demands of multiple roles.

(Knowledge; answer: Role conflict; page 69)

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63Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

89.

90. ________________________________ occurs when the demands and expectations of one role

are impossible for us to satisfy.

(Knowledge; answer: Role strain; page 69)

_______________________ is a mark of disgrace associated with a particular status, quality, or

person.

(Knowledge; answer: Stigma; page 69)

91. ________________________ is a stigma that cannot be hidden from others or is no longer hidden

from others.

(Knowledge; answer: Discredited stigma; page 69)

92.

________________________ is a stigma that can be concealed from others.

(Knowledge; answer: Discreditable stigma; page 69)

93. __________________________ are structures that provide for patterned relationships.

(Knowledge; answer: Social institutions; page 71)

94. _________________________ refers to community connections involving personal relationships

based on friendship and kinship ties, such as family.

(Knowledge; answer: Gemeinschaft; page 73)

95. ________________________ refers to societal connections that are more formal and impersonal.

(Knowledge; answer: Gesellschaft; page 73)

96.

________________________ is the invisible bubble that each of us has around us that insulates

us from others.

(Knowledge; answer: Personal space; page 74)

97.

________________________ is distance reserved for those with whom we are very close.

(Knowledge; answer: Intimate distance; page 74)

98. ________________________ is distance that ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet; this distance is for

normal conversations.

(Knowledge; answer: Personal distance; page 74)

99. _________________________ is distance that ranges from about 4 feet to 12 feet and is usually

reserved for formal settings.

(Knowledge; answer: Social distance; page 75)

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64Chapter 4 Social Structure

100. _______________________ is the zone of interaction that is used in highly formal settings; this

distance includes everything greater than 12 feet.

(Knowledge; answer: Public distance; page 75)

101.

___________________________ is management of the impression that the performer makes on

others.

(Knowledge; answer: Impression management; page 75)

102. ____________________________ is what the audience sees, or the part of ourselves that we

present to others.

(Knowledge; answer: Front stage; page 75)

103. ____________________________ is the demeanor that incorporates our true feelings and beliefs.

(Knowledge; answer: Backstage; page 75)

104. _____________________________ is a state that occurs when we realize our act has failed.

(Knowledge; answer: Embarrassment; page 75)

105.

_____________________________ is a reaction to embarrassment either in the form of humor,

anger, or retreat.

(Knowledge; answer: Face-saving work; page 75)

106. ____________________________ refers to shared characteristics such as race, gender, or age.

(Knowledge; answer: Demographic similarity; page 76)

107. ________________________________ refers to techniques that involve flattering your boss and

agreeing with your boss’s opinions (or at least avoiding disagreements whenever possible).

(Knowledge; answer: Supervisor-focused impression management; page 76)

108. _____________________________ refers to techniques that include acting modest about your

accomplishments, boasting occasionally about your successes, and showing your friendliness and

self-assuredness through smiles and eye contact.

(Knowledge; answer: Self-focused impression management; page 76)

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65Test Item File for Carl, THINK Sociology, 2/e

ESSAY

109. Compare and contrast macrosociology and microsociology. Give an example of each.

(Analysis; page 67)

110. Compare and contrast primary groups and secondary groups. Give an example of each.

(Analysis; page 67)

111. Discuss status. Compare and contrast ascribed, achieved, and master status. Provide an example

of each.

(Analysis; page 68)

112. Compare and contrast role strain and role conflict. Give an example of each.

(Analysis; pages 68-69)

113. Discuss stigma. Compare and contrast discredited stigma and discreditable stigma.

(Analysis; page 69)

114. Discuss the evolution of society and explain the 4 stages.

(Comprehension; pages 70-71)

115. Define the term social institutions and tell the purpose of at least three social institutions.

(Comprehension; pages 71-72)

116. Compare and contrast Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Discuss how the two concepts are related

to mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.

(Synthesis; pages 72-73)

117. Discuss the concept of personal space and explain the four discrete zones. Develop a scenario in

which a person employs all four zones.

(Synthesis; pages 74-75)

118. Explain dramaturgy and apply the various components of this theory of interaction to a typical

day in your life.

(Synthesis; page 75)

119. Compare and contrast what symbolic interactionists, functionalists and conflict theorists say

about social structures.

(Analysis; pages 76-77)

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