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Sample Questions Posted Below
CHAPTER 5
Verbal Communication
5.1 SEQ NL1 \R 0 \H MULTIPLE CHOICE
| Ans: c
Page: 84 Difficulty: 2 |
1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Researchers estimate that the first humans to speak language as we know it lived in East Africa about __________ years ago.
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . 10,000 seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . 50,000 seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . 150,000 seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . 250,000 seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . 500,000 |
| Ans: a
Page: 85 Difficulty: 2 |
2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Whereas a symbol is an arbitrary collection of sounds, a sign
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . often has a visual relationship to the thing it represents. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . is an arbitrary collection of letters. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . requires you to apply your experience and feelings to decide what it means. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . can express supraordinate, basic, and subordinate terms. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . relies much more on connotation than denotation. |
| Ans: d
Page: 86 Difficulty: 2 |
3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Language scholars C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards use a triangle to explain the three elements of language which are
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . semantics, syntax, and significance of language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . denotative, connotative, and abstract meanings of words. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . superordinate, basic, and subordinate meanings of words. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . person, the symbol (or sign), and the referent. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . encoding, decoding, and noise in language. |
| Ans: b
Pages: 86-87 Difficulty: 2 |
4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Defining a computer as “a programmable electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data” represents what type of meaning?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . bypassing seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . denotation seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . connotation seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . abstract seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . jargon |
| Ans: c
Pages: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . If the word “computer” evokes a negative image of an increasingly complex software nightmare that frustrates and infuriates you, what type of meaning is influencing your response to the word?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . bypassing seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . denotation seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . connotation seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . concrete seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . jargon |
| Ans: e
Page: 87 Difficulty: 1 |
6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which of the following is the best example of an abstract word?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . textbook seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . table seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . computer seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . dictionary seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . fairness |
| Ans: d
Page: 87 Difficulty: 1 |
7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which of the following words is the most concrete description of another person’s behavior?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . disruptive seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . rude seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . insensitive seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . burps seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . procrastinates |
| Ans: b
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which answer best represents the progression of a subordinate to basic to superordinate term?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . dog, animal, pet seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . banana split, ice cream, dessert seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . car, vehicle, Toyota Prius seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . music, opera, Carmen seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . flower, plant, tulip |
| Ans: b
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . The words pencil and pen are examples of
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a superordinate term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a basic term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a subordinate term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . an abstract term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a complex term. |
| Ans: c
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . The phrases No. 2 pencil, ballpoint pen, and yellow highlighter are examples of
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a superordinate term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a basic term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a subordinate term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . an abstract term. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . a complex term. |
| Ans: b
Page: 88 Difficulity: 2 |
11. Which group has a “we” orientation when it comes to language?
a. individualistic b. collectivist c. young people d. older people e. no group has a “we” orientation |
| Ans: e
Page: 89 Difficulty: 3 |
12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which interpretation of the Whorf Hypothesis is most accepted by today’s linguistic scholars?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . The structure of a language determines how you see, experience, and interpret the world around you. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . If you don’t have a word for a concept (such as red), you will not be able to see or experience it and separate it from other similar concepts (such as blue or yellow). seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . If you do not have a word for tomorrow, you cannot plan for tomorrow. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . The nature of each language determines how people think and perceive others. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Language reflects cultural models of the world, which in turn influences how the speakers of a language come to think, act, and behave. |
| Ans: b
Page: 90-91 Difficulty: 2 |
13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which answer best reflects the answer to the research question: Do Women Talk More than Men?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . In similar circumstances, women talk more than men. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . In general, males and females use the same number of words when talking. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Women talk more than men, especially when interacting with their husbands and strangers. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Men talk more with classmates and where the topic of conversation requires disclosure of feelings. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . In general, women do most of the talking in work settings. |
| Ans: a
Page: 91 Difficulty: 1 |
14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Linguist John McWhorter notes that many middle-class African Americans typically speak both Black English and Standard American English, alternating between the two, often in the same sentence. This is an example of
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . code switching. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . accents. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . bypassing. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . phatic language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . jargon. |
| Ans: d
Page: 92 Difficulty: 2 |
15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . At a regular study group meeting, one member asks that everyone be able to “summarize the most important information in each chapter.” At the next meeting, another member distributes an outline of the textbook’s important concepts but wonders why no one else in the group has made the same effort. This misunderstanding is an example of
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . failure to follow the rules of language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . denotation. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . failure to interpret nonverbal behavior. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . bypassing. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . concrete words. |
| Ans: e
Page: 92 Difficulty: 2 |
16 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . A euphemism substitutes a mild, indirect, or vague term for a harsh, blunt, or offensive one. Which of the following answers represents a euphemism?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . powder room rather than toilet seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . darn rather than damn seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . slept with rather than had sex with seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . interrogation treatments rather than torture seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . all of the above |
| Ans: a
Page: 93 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL_a \r 0 \h 17. Which of the following statements avoids exclusionary language?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Bill uses a wheel chair. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Walter is a political extremist. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Anne is a normal woman. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Frank is a psycho. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Grace is a cancer victim. |
| Ans: b
Page: 94 Difficulty: 1 |
18 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . The specialized language of a homogeneous group is best known as
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . gobbledygook. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . jargon. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . verbal efficiency. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . euphemisms. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . metaphors. |
| Ans: e
Page: 94 Difficulty: 2 |
19. By using a word such as now to replace the five-word, seventeen-letter phrase at this point in time, you are using
seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h connotative language. denotative language. seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h oral language. seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h a euphemism. seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h jargon. |
| Ans: c
Pages: 95 Difficulty: 1 |
20 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which of the following answers describes one of the textbook’s techniques for reducing the amount of swearing in a person’s speech?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Count the number of swear words you use every day. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Put a dollar in a jar every time you swear. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . When you feel like swearing, look for less offensive, more interesting words. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Only use mild swear words. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Only use swear words with close friends. |
| Ans: c
Pages: 96-98 Difficulty: 1 |
21 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Your textbook recommends all of the following steps for improving your use of language except
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . improve your vocabulary. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . avoid offensive language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . avoid active, vivid language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use “I,” “You,” and “We” language. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use appropriate grammar. |
| Ans: e
Page: 96 Difficulty: 1 |
22 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . All of the following answers describe a characteristic of oral language except
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use short, simple sentences seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use short, familiar words seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use more informal, colloquial expression seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use more personal pronouns seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use compound sentences |
| Ans: d
Pages: 97 Difficulty: 3 |
23 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Which of the following sentences is expressed in a passive voice?
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Hermione served salmon at her party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Hermione bought fresh, farm-grown salmon at the grocery store. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . The salmon was contaminated. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . The contaminated salmon was eaten by everyone at the party. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . Everyone at Hermione’s party became ill. |
| Ans: c
Page: 97-98 Difficulty: 2 |
24 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . All of the following are effective recommendations for avoiding the use of gobbledygook when speaking except
seq NL_a \* alphabetic a seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . never write a sentence with more than 40 words. seq NL_a \* alphabetic b seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . treat only one subject per sentence. seq NL_a \* alphabetic c seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use the word “you” rather than “I” when expressing judgments about others. seq NL_a \* alphabetic d seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . don’t include information just to show off that you know it. seq NL_a \* alphabetic e seq NL_1_ \r 0 \h . use shorter words and phrases such as “now” rather than “at the present time.” |
5.2 SEQ NL1 \R 0 \H TRUE/FALSE
| Ans: true
Page: 84 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Fully modern language probably evolved from simpler languages only 50,000 years ago. |
| Ans: true
Page: 84 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Anthropologists explain that standing up on two feet contributed to physiological changes in the larynx, lungs, throat, and vocal cavity that enabled us to talk. |
| Ans: false
Page: 84 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F The vocal folds in the larynx produce vibrations for speech sounds and also provide a place for articulating consonants. |
| Ans: false
Page: 84 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F According to your textbook, the first humans to speak language as we know it lived in East Africa about 1 million years ago even though human ancestors lived about 4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia. |
| Ans: false
Page: 85 Difficulty: 1 |
5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F The ability to follow the accepted rules of our language has very little influence on others’ perceptions of our intelligence and social status. |
| Ans: true
Page: 85 Difficulty: 1 |
6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Language is a system of arbitrary signs and symbols used to communicate thoughts and feelings. |
| Ans: false
Page: 86 Difficulty: 2 |
7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Ogden and Richards Triangle of Meaning includes superordinate, basic, and subordinate terms. |
| Ans: true
Page: 86 Difficulty: 2 |
8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Ogden and Richards Triangle of Meaning does not use a solid line to connect the symbol and the referent because they must be mentally processed in order to result in meaning. |
| Ans: true
Page: 87 Difficulty: 1 |
9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Semanticist S. I. Hayakawa refers to connotation as “the aura of feelings, pleasant or unpleasant, that surround practically all words.” |
| Ans: false
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Denotation, rather than connotation, is more likely to influence how we respond to words. |
| Ans: true
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Abstract words refer to an idea or concept that cannot be observed or touched. |
| Ans: true
Page: 87 Difficulty: 3 |
12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F The bird sitting on the perch is not just a finch, it’s an American Goldfinch with an injured wing. The phrase American Goldfinch with an injured wing is an example of a subordinate term. |
| Ans: false
Page: 87 Difficulty: 2 |
13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Superordinate terms are those with the highest level of concreteness. |
| Ans: true
Page: 88 Difficulty: 2 |
1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h 4. T F There are approximately 5,000 to 6,000 languages spoken in the world. |
| Ans: false
Page: 88 Difficulty: 1 |
15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Collectivist cultures have an “I” orientation; individualistic cultures have a “we” orientation. |
| Ans: true
Page: 89 Difficulty: 2 |
16 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F The most current interpretation of the Whorf Hypothesis claims that language reflects cultural models of the world, which, in turn, influence how the speakers of a language come to think, act, and behave. |
| Ans: false
Page: 89 Difficulty: 2 Ans: true Page: 90 Difficulty: 2 |
17 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Many Japanese speakers have a very low-context, direct way of using language.
18 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Robin Lakoff, one of the first linguists to write about gender differences, claims that women tend to use more tag questions at the end of sentences (such as “don’t you agree?” and “haven’t you?”) than men. seq NL_a \r 0 \h |
| Ans: true
Page: 90 Difficulty: 2 |
19 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F English is a language with a positive bias toward males. As a result, female terms tend to take on demeaning connotations. |
| Ans: true
Page: 91 Difficulty: 2 |
20 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F A study of college students found that the number of words spoken by males and females are virtually the same. |
| Ans: true
Page: 91 Difficulty: 2 |
21 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F In work settings, men do most of the talking, even when women hold influential positions. |
| Ans: true
Page: 91 Difficulty: 2 |
22 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F In educational settings (from kindergarten through university), males usually dominate classroom talk. |
| Ans: true
Page: 91 Difficulty: 1 |
23 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Code switching describes how, depending on the context, we often modify the way we use verbal and nonverbal communication to generate meaning. |
| Ans: false
Page: 92 Difficulty: 1 |
24 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Bypassing uses words that reinforce stereotypes, belittle other people, or exclude others from understanding an in-group’s message. |
| Ans: true
Page: 92 Difficulty: 1 |
25 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F When people say that someone has “passed away,” they are using a euphemism that substitutes for “died.” |
| Ans. true
Page: 93 Difficulity: 1 |
26. Exclusionary language uses words that reinforce stereotypes, belittles other people, or excludes others from understanding an in-group’s message. |
| Ans: false
Page: 94 Difficulty: 2 |
27. seq NL_a \r 0 \h T F The use of jargon is always counterproductive in workplace communication. |
| Ans: true
Page: 94-95 Difficulty: 2 |
28 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F Swearing and cursing are universal behaviors in all cultures. |
| Ans: true
Page: 94-95 Difficulty: 2 |
29 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F One study reported that 91 percent of respondents ranked foul language as “the most ill-mannered type of workplace behavior.” |
| Ans: true
Page: 96 Difficulty: 1 |
30. seq NL_a \r 0 \h T F Oral language uses shorter, familiar words as well as shorter, simple sentences. |
| Ans: false
Page: 96 Difficulty: 2 |
31. T F Even though oral language uses shorter words and sentences, it avoids contractions and colloquial expressions. |
| Ans: false
Pages: 96-97 Difficulty: 2 |
32 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . T F “The Olympic ice hockey game was won by the women’s team from Canada” is an example of a sentence using the active voice. |
| Ans: false
Page: 98 Difficulty: 2 |
seq NL_a \r 0 \h 33. T F Your textbook recommends that one way to avoid gobbledygook is to avoid writing sentences with more than ten words. |
5.3 SEQ NL1 \R 0 \H ESSAY SEQ NL1 \R 0 \H
1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Humans are the only species specialized for speech and complex language development. Compare the speech functions of four major speech organs with their primary survival functions in both humans.
Page: 84
Difficulty: 2
2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . In terms of studying verbal communication, what is the difference between a sign and a symbol? Demonstrate your understanding of these two concepts by providing a definition of each term as well as examples to illustrate your explanation.
Pages: 84-85
Difficulty: 3
3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . What is denotative and connotative meaning? Demonstrate your understanding of these two concepts by providing a definition of each term as well as examples to illustrate your explanation.
Pages: 86-87
Difficulty: 3
4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . What are the differences between concrete words and abstract words? How are these two types of words related to the differences among superordinate, basic, and subordinate terms. Provide a specific example to illustrate each type of term. Why is it important to understand these differences?
Page: 87
Difficulty: 2
5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h .
The Whorf Hypothesis, even in its most moderate form, highlights the profound connections between language and culture. Explain how this Hypothesis influences our interaction with others, particularly in terms of a culture’s (1) vocabulary, (2) use of pronouns, and (3) verbal directness. Explain these three connections and provide examples to demonstrate your understanding.
Pages: 89
Difficulty: 3
6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . What do your textbook authors mean by “Most languages reflect a gender bias”? How do such biases affect the way we perceive the roles and values of women and men in a culture? Provide examples to demonstrate your claims.
Pages: 90-91
Difficulty: 3
7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . There are several techniques you can use to avoid gender bias in the use of pronouns. Identify and describe three of those techniques. Use examples to demonstrate your understanding of each technique.
Page: 90-91
Difficulty: 2
8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Do women talk more than men? Justify your answer to this question. Provide research examples to support your claims.
Page: 91
Difficulty: 2
9. Discuss the concept of code switching. Explain what it is and provide examples of when communicators switch codes in particular situations.
Page: 91
Difficulty: 2
10. Define bypassing. Provide an extended example that demonstrates your understanding of this
common language barrier.
Page: 92
Difficulty: 2
11. Exclusionary language uses words that reinforce stereotypes, belittle other people, or exclude others from understanding an in-group’s message. Give examples of how you can avoid exclusionary language in areas referring to a person’s age, political viewpoints, religion, health and ability, and race/ethnicity.
Page: 93-94
Difficulty: 3
12. What is a euphemism? Identify two reasons people use euphemisms? Provide two examples of
euphemisms and identify the purpose of that euphemism.
Page: 95
Difficulty: 2
13.
Researchers who study the evolution of language report that swearing or cursing is a human
universal. Define swearing. Why do people swear? Why and under what circumstances should we avoid swearing?
Pages: 94-95
Difficulty: 3
14. What are the characteristics of oral language? Provide at least three examples that contrast the
differences between the words we use for written documents and the words we use orally in daily conversations, group discussions, and presentations.
Pages: 96
Difficulty: 3
15 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Your textbook recommends using “I,” “You,” and “We” language. What does this mean? Give examples to demonstrate your understanding of this recommendation.
Pages: 97-98
Difficulty: 2
16. What are the three components of using “I” language effectively? Provide an example of these three components in a statement that demonstrates how this technique can improve your way with words.
Page: 97-98
Difficulty: 3
17. Chapter 5, Verbal Communication, offers many strategies for improving your language (e.g., minimizing gender bias, swearing, and exclusionary language; expanding your vocabulary; using oral, active, and grammatical language; avoiding gobbledygook). Choose three of these strategies and describe how you can use them to improve your language. Make sure you describe (a) why you need to improve your language in this way, (b) each strategy and provide examples of how to use it, and (c) your plan for improving these aspects of your language.
Pages: 90-98
Difficulty: 3
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