The Global Future A Brief Introduction to World Politics 5th Edition by Kegley – Test Bank

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CHAPTER 5

Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

TRUE/FALSE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The League of Nations was written into the Versailles Treaty as the first of its 440 articles.

ANS: T REF: 107 NOT: Factual

The members of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are private individuals and groups.

ANS: F REF: 109 NOT: Applied

IGOs are established by formal international agreements between two or more states.

ANS: F REF: 109 NOT: Conceptual

NGOs and IGOs tend not to work together on international policies and programs.

ANS: F REF: 110 NOT: Conceptual

The UN is the best known of all IGOs.

ANS: F REF: 111 NOT: Factual

The United Nations is an example of a “universal membership” IGO.

ANS: T REF: 112 NOT: Applied

The United Nations Charter defines one of the UN’s objectives as cultivating respect for the

principle of equal rights and the self determination of peoples.

ANS: T REF: 112 NOT: Conceptual

The Security Council of the United Nations includes five permanent members with veto power

and ten additional rotating members.

ANS: T REF: 113 NOT: Factual

The founders of the UN expected the General Assembly to be the organization’s primary body.

ANS: F REF: 114 NOT: Conceptual

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.34 Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. The United States has been eager to expand the permanent membership of the Security Council as

long as the additional members are U.S. allies.

ANS: F REF: 117 NOT: Applied

Japan pays a larger percentage of the UN budget than any other permanent Security Council

member, with the exception of the United States, and yet is still excluded from the Security

Council.

ANS: T REF: 117 NOT: Applied

The United States is the largest contributor to the UN.

ANS: T REF: 117 NOT: Factual

Under Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld peacekeeping and preventative security replaced

collective security as the UN’s main approach to global security.

ANS: T REF: 119 NOT: Conceptual

Although technically, the World Trade Organization (WTO) violates the international norm of

nonintervention, its members have voluntarily surrendered some of their sovereignty under the

assumption that it would produce greater gains than losses.

ANS: T REF: 120 NOT: Applied

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or World Bank was originally

established to aid in the rebuilding effort after World War I.

ANS: F REF: 120 NOT: Factual

One of the purposes of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to serve as a lender of last resort

for countries experiencing financial crisis.

ANS: T REF: 121 NOT: Applied

European integration began with the establishment of the European Economic Community in

1957.

ANS: F REF: 123 NOT: Factual

The EU’s key policymaking body is the European Commission.

ANS: F REF: 124 NOT: Factual

Members of the European Parliament today are directly elected by citizens of the EU’s member

states and have the power to overturn acts of the European Commission.

ANS: T REF: 124, 125 NOT: Conceptual

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations 35

20. Government debt and deficit spending are considered among the most serious economic problems

facing the EU.

ANS: T REF: 126, 127 NOT: Factual

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. 2. 3. 4. The origins of the idea of collective security as a basis of international peace can be traced to

a. Ancient Greece.

b. the Middle Ages.

c. the nineteenth century.

d. the twentieth century.

e. the twenty first century.

ANS: B REF: 107 NOT: Factual

The key to successful collective security organization includes

a. universal participation.

b. c. d. e. consensus on the existence of threats to peace.

commitment to take action against aggressors.

All of the above are key to successful collective security.

Both options a and c are key.

ANS: D REF: 108 NOT: Applied

The members of nongovernmental organizations are

a. ethnopolitical groups.

b. states.

c. individuals.

d. multinational corporations.

e. All of the above are members of nongovernmental organizations.

ANS: C REF: 109 NOT: Conceptual

Which of the following is an objective of the UN?

a. b. c. d. e. Maintaining international peace and security

Functioning as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations

Encouraging respect for human rights and freedoms

Respecting equal rights and self-determination of peoples

All of the above are objectives of the UN.

ANS: E REF: 112 NOT: Factual

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.36 Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

5. Which of the following is the main deliberative body in the UN?

a. General Assembly

b. Security Council

c. Secretary General

d. Economic and Social Council

e. Secretariat

ANS: A REF: 112 NOT: Factual

6. Which of the following is not part of the UN’s organizational structure?

a. General Assembly

b. Secretary General

c. Security Council

d. International Court of Justice

e. Secretariat

ANS: B REF: 112–115 NOT: Factual

7. Which of the following is not an organ of the UN?

a. International Court of Justice

b. Security Council

c. Secretariat

d. General Assembly

e. Council of Ministers

8. ANS: E REF: 112–115 NOT: Conceptual

Which of the following is not a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

a. The United States

b. Russia

c. Germany

d. France

e. Great Britain

ANS: C REF: 113 NOT: Factual

9. Which of the following is true of the Security Council?

a. Its effectiveness was severely hampered during the Cold War due to the conflict between

the United States and the Soviet Union.

b. c. d. e. It is made up of 15 permanent members and 5 nonpermanent members.

Resolutions must pass by a two-thirds majority.

Its primary responsibility is to coordinate the UN’s social and economic programs.

All of the above are true.

ANS: A REF: 114 NOT: Applied

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations 37

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Which of the following features did all of the original members of the UN Security Council have

in common?

a. All were European nations.

b. All were victors in World War II.

c. All had the largest economies in the world.

d. Both a and b are true.

e. All of the options are true.

ANS: B REF: 114 NOT: Conceptual

The coalition of Global South members in the UN that promotes programs for poor countries is

the

a. Non Aligned Movement.

b. General Assembly.

c. Group of 66.

d. Group of 77.

e. None of the above is true.

ANS: D REF: 114 NOT: Factual

Which of the following is an autonomous specialized agency affiliated with the UN?

a. WHO

b. ILO

c. UNESCO

d. All of the options are true.

e. Both options a and b are true.

ANS: D REF: 114, 115 NOT: Factual

What percent of the UN’s total budget does the United States pay?

a. 37 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 22 percent

d. 75 percent

e. 10 percent

ANS: C REF: 116 NOT: Factual

Which of the following has the UN promoted to pursue world peace in addition to collective

security?

a. Peacekeeping

b. Preventative diplomacy

c. Peacemaking

d. Peace building

e. All of the above are true.

ANS: E REF: 118, 119 NOT: Applied

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.38 Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Which of the following is a characteristic of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

a. It is a full-fledged intergovernmental organization with a formal decision-making

structure.

b. c. d. It is mandated to manage disputes arising from its trading partners.

It is dominated by the great powers.

It developed from the notion that pooling state sovereignty would produce more gains

than losses.

e. All of the above are characteristics of the WTO.

ANS: E REF: 120 NOT: Conceptual

Which of the following is true of the World Bank?

a. b. c. d. e. It has a one state, one vote system.

Most of the Bank’s loan funds are obtained from governments.

It loans money to states to help achieve currency-exchange stability.

It is unable to meet all the needs for financial assistance of the developing states.

It has a formal dispute settlement mechanism.

ANS: D REF: 120, 121 NOT: Conceptual

Critics have been very critical of the International Monetary Fund because

a. b. c. d. it operates on a “one country, one vote” system.

it allocates loans with no conditions attached for improving economic practices.

it is opposed to privatization of state-owned enterprises.

it attaches strict conditions on its loans, forcing governments to cut spending on social

programs.

e. its voting system is weighted to the advantage of the Global South countries.

ANS: D REF: 122 NOT: Applied

The Maastricht Treaty, which created the foundations of the EU, was signed in

a. 1989.

b. 1991.

c. 1992.

d. 1996.

e. 1999.

ANS: C REF: 123 NOT: Factual

Which of the following is not true of the European Union (EU)?

a. b. c. d. It began as a response to the widespread devastation of World War II.

The early organization centered on trade development.

It has eagerly pursued new membership in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

There is division between Western and Eastern Europe raising the possibility of a split

between two opposed coalitions.

e. It is headquartered in Brussels.

ANS: C REF: 123, 124 NOT: Applied

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations 39

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. The agreement by European states to delegate some of their domestic decision-making power to

the European Union is an example of

a. the nonintervention norm.

b. devolution.

c. realpolitik.

d. pooled sovereignty.

e. nationalism.

ANS: D REF: 125 NOT: Applied

The European Court of Justice is different from other international tribunals because

a. its members are wealthier.

b. its comprises more members.

c. its decisions are binding.

d. its decisions reflect compromise.

e. its decisions are non-binding.

ANS: C REF: 125 NOT: Conceptual

One of the criticisms of the EU’s common currency policy is that it

a. hinders trade.

b. hinders investment.

c. increases transaction costs.

d. leads to a loss of country sovereignty.

e. All of the above are true.

ANS: D REF: 125 NOT: Conceptual

Which of the following is not a regional IGO?

a. NATO

b. ASEAN

c. WTO

d. ECOWAS

e. SADC

ANS: C REF: 127, 128 NOT: Factual

Three neighboring countries that form a customs union would be an example of

a. an NGO.

b. a regional IGO.

c. a regional NGO.

d. a defense alliance.

e. None of the above is true.

ANS: B REF: 127, 128 NOT: Applied

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.40 Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

25. The IGO that is often called the “mirror of world politics” is the

a. League of Nations.

b. UN.

c. WTO.

d. NATO.

e. World Bank.

ANS: B REF: 131 NOT: Conceptual

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The UN is said to be a mirror of world politics, not an alternative to it. According to this view, the

UN reflects the forces outside the organization that have animated world politics since World

War II. Do you agree with this description of the UN? Cite evidence to support your position.

ANS: Answers will vary.

Bill Clinton has stated: “We don’t want to run off into the future all by ourselves. That means the

United States will have to work responsibly through international organizations.” Do you agree or

disagree with Clinton’s assessment? Can the United States “go it alone” or does it need to use

international organizations? Use empirical evidence (referring to the utility of international

organizations to solve global and state problems) to support your answer.

ANS: Answers will vary.

Describe the way assessments are allocated among member nations of the United Nations.

Compare and contrast the positions of the wealthy nations versus the poor nations on the issues of

financing. Which argument do you find persuasive?

ANS: Answers will vary.

The World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund were each

formed to deal with specific international economic issues. Explain the purpose of each

organization and how effective it has been. Do these organizations infringe on state sovereignty?

ANS: Answers will vary.

The European Union could provide a successful model of political integration for other areas of

the world. What is unique about the situation of the EU that led to its success? What challenges

would similar organizations need to overcome to form such organizations?

ANS: Answers will vary.

Discuss the historical conditions that first led to the development of the League of Nations and

then later the United Nations. What are the main differences between the League of Nations and

the United Nations?

ANS: Answers will vary.

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations 41

7. 8. 9. 10. Many experts argue that the world has changed dramatically since the UN Security Council was

first created. Discuss the historical conditions that led to the creation of the UN Security Council.

What changes in the world system would justify changing the membership of the UN Security

Council. Should new countries be made members? If so which countries should be added?

ANS: Answers will vary.

Some experts argue that the UN must be changed to accommodate changing world conditions,

perhaps even be abolished. Present these various criticisms and possible ways to change the

organization. What would be an alternative to the UN?

ANS: Answers will vary.

The World Trade Organization is one of the most influential IGOs in the world. Critics argue that

its focus on free trade benefits rich industrial nations over poor raw material producers. Is there

validity to this argument? What is the alternative to open trade for poor nations?

ANS: Answers will vary.

The European Union has experienced severe economic problems in recent years. Identify these

problems and present ways that the EU can address them. Are these problems so severe that they

threaten the future of the EU?

ANS: Answers will vary.

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.42 Chapter 5: Global and Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

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