The Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global Politics 13th Edition by Janda -Test Bank

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

1. In a 2014 Gallup poll, _____ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional

marriage.

a. 5

b. 14

c. 32

d. 54

e. 67

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 117

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

2. The basic definition of public opinion is

a. the collective attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question.

b. the underlying attitude of citizens toward their government.

c. journalists’ reports about what the public thinks.

d. support for or opposition to candidates or proposals.

e. polling and survey results of the population.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 118

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: F

3. According to the text, which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion?

a. Governments tend to respond to public opinion.

b. Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by

pollsters.

c. The government sometimes does not do what people want.

d. Public opinion places boundaries on allowable types of public policy.

e. The public’s attitude toward a given government policy can vary dramatically over time.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 118

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

4. Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the

a. 1930s.

b. 1950s.

c. 1970s.

d. 1980s.

e. 1990s.

ANSWER: b

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

REFERENCES: 120

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: F

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5. The Framers guessed that the __________ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and

government spending.

a. president

b. Supreme Court

c. U.S. Senate

d. House of Representatives

e. educated classes

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 120

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: F

6. One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

a. subgroups within the public do not express opinions on specific matters.

b. the public simplifies complex issues into too-neat, easy solutions.

c. the public tends to overwhelmingly focus on a handful of policy issues and ignore the rest.

d. the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government.

e. public opinion has moved increasingly against minority rights in recent decades.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 120

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: C

7. Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of

democracy?

a. Public opinion should play a much smaller role than it would play in the pluralist model.

b. Groups with different opinions should be allowed to clash openly over government policy.

c. Public opinion is less important than the opinions of experts.

d. Government should do what a majority of the public wants.

e. A majority of the public is ill-informed on the issues, which means the role of public opinion should be

increased.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 120

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: C

8. Historians estimate that _____ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.

a. 10

b. 20

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

c. 40

d. 60

e. 80

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 120

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

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9. A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies

from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.

a. 54

b. 34

c. 74

d. 14

e. 94

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 121

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

NOTES: F

10. The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is

a. b. c. d. e. to match the sampler’s views with a public response.

to obtain the view of every individual in the population.

to account for wide variances in public opinion on controversial issues.

to obtain a large enough sample size to avoid bias.

to reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: C

11. Today, the mass media conduct most polls by

a. face-to-face interviews.

b. telephone.

c. mail surveys.

d. the Internet.

e. Options c and d are true.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

12. The accuracy of the population sample used for public opinion polls depends on

a. b. c. d. e. whether telephoning or direct contact is used to draw the sample.

the care with which questions are written and asked.

whether computers are used to draw the sample.

the factors of believability and reliability.

randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

13. A sample of six hundred randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)

a. three percentage points.

b. five percentage points.

c. seven percentage points.

d. nine percentage points.

e. eleven percentage points.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

14. Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of

younger Americans.

a. interest groups

b. more people

c. more urban residents

d. cable viewers

e. cell phones

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 122

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

15. One of the nation’s oldest polls, the __________, was started in the 1930s, and was most notably wrong in 1948 when

it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the Republican candidate, would defeat the Democratic incumbent, Harry Truman in the

presidential election.

a. Harris Poll

b. Zogby Poll

c. Field Poll

d. CBS Poll

e. Gallup Poll

ANSWER: e

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

REFERENCES: 123

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

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16. A typical Gallup national poll surveys approximately _______ individuals.

a. 500

b. 1,500

c. 3,000

d. 4,500

e. 10,000

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 123

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

17. In nineteen presidential elections since 1936, Gallup polls have deviated from actual results by

a. less than 1.0 percentage point.

b. about 3 percentage points.

c. about 6 percentage points.

d. about 10 percentage points.

e. about 15 percentage points.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 123

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

18. Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

a. a survey of a few thousand people cannot possibly yield an accurate picture of American attitudes.

b. there is clear evidence that polling organizations falsify results.

c. politicians pay no attention to poll results.

d. the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

e. the entities that finance administration of the poll skew results for a certain desired outcome.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: C

19. When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would

be characterized as

a. stable.

b. skewed.

c. expected.

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

d. extremist.

e. biased.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: A

20. A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama’s health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly

divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

a. normal.

b. skewed.

c. reversed.

d. modal.

e. bimodal.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: A

21. A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a

a. stable distribution.

b. normal distribution.

c. skewed distribution.

d. bimodal distribution.

e. modality.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

22. The most frequent response (such as “I favor”) in a public opinion distribution is known as the

a. norm.

b. skew.

c. mode.

d. tail.

e. stable point.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

23. A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

a. normal

b. consistent

c. modal

d. stable

e. skewed

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 125

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

24. When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales (“liberal,” “moderate,” or

“conservative”), the data plotted on a graph is a(n)

a. normal distribution.

b. skewed distribution.

c. bimodal distribution.

d. unstable distribution.

e. reliable distribution.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 125

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: C

25. Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become

a. somewhat more moderate.

b. skewed toward liberalism.

c. skewed toward conservatism.

d. more bimodal.

e. more normal.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 126

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

NOTES: F

26. Today, college students are much more __________ than the general public.

a. conservative

b. moderate

c. liberal

d. alienated

e. Republican

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 126

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

NOTES: F

27. The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

a. political norming.

b. ideological awakening.

c. political coming-of-age.

d. systems building.

e. political socialization.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

28. The extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on

a. repetitive behavior.

b. whether or not a person is familiar with the concept before hearing it.

c. the economic influence of the agent.

d. whether the family favorably supports the agent.

e. prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

29. Generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is

a. school.

b. their peers.

c. family.

d. television.

e. the Internet.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

30. Children are likely to adopt their parents’ party identification when

a. b. c. e. parents discuss party politics with children.

parents refrain from forcing their views on children.

at least one parent has worked for a party.

d. both parents vote regularly.

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

ANSWER: e

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

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31. Young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parents’ religions when

a. both parents follow the same religion.

b. religious issues track social issues.

c. religious institutions focus heavily on socialization.

d. parents follow different religions.

e. they believe they are being rebellious among their peers by adopting their parents’ religion.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: C

32. The ______________ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.

a. chief socialization

b. child socialization

c. early education

d. initialization

e. primacy

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

33. Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.

a. familial

b. transmission

c. sibling

d. kinship

e. “same-roof”

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 127

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

34. The major agents of early socialization in the United States are

a. religion and social class.

b. family, religion, and political party.

c. family, school, community, and peers.

d. school and social class.

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

e. economics, television, and the Internet.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 127-128

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

35. When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare

students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions

of others, they teach _________.

a. order; freedom

b. order; equality

c. freedom; order

d. equality; order

e. equality; freedom

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 128

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: C

36. The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student’s education

includes

a. encouragement to reject authority.

b. exposure to third parties.

c. a course in constitutional criticism.

d. questioning established values.

e. training in traditional values.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 128

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: C

37. The first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the

a. president.

b. Congress.

c. Supreme Court.

d. political party system.

e. Constitution.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 128

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

38. As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

knowledge of ________ to development of _________.

a. partisanship; patriotic ritual

b. patriotic ritual; good citizenship

c. congressional leaders; political behavior

d. branches of government; knowledge of and respect for the president

e. city council; national government

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 128

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: A

39. Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when

a. b. community values are consistent with modern culture.

schools are involved in socialization.

c. the community is homogeneous.

d. competing values are present.

e. corruption in local government occurs.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 129

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

40. As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.

a. adult peer groups

b. political parties

c. the mass media

d. the current presidents

e. Options A and C are true.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 129

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

NOTES: F

41. A respondent who agrees with the statement, “By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of

personal choice” values

a. equality over order.

b. freedom over order.

c. order over equality.

d. order over freedom.

e. freedom over equality.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 130

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: C

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42. In a 2012 election survey, respondents were asked whether abortion should be outlawed by government or a matter of

personal choice, and whether government should guarantee people a job and a good standard of living or people should

get ahead on their own. People’s responses to the two questions

a. demonstrated that these value choices cannot be explained by a one-dimensional liberal-conservative

continuum.

b. demonstrated a majority of Americans are liberal.

c. demonstrated a majority of Americans are conservative.

d. demonstrated a majority of Americans are apathetic.

e. None of the above is true.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 130

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: C

43. According to the 2012 American National Election Study (ANES), about ____ percent of Americans believe the

government should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances.

a. 15

b. 79

c. 33

d. 61

e. 45

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 130

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: F

44. As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose

a. social order over freedom.

b. social order over equality.

c. equality over freedom.

d. freedom over social order.

e. equality over social order.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 131

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: C

45. Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over ________.

a. freedom; order or equality

b. order; freedom

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

c. equality; freedom

d. conservatives; libertarians

e. government guarantees of employment; a more limited government role

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 131-132

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: C

46. In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote

a. for Democratic candidates.

b. for Independent candidates.

c. for Republican candidates.

d. e. for Republican and Independent candidates about equally.

for Democratic and Independent candidates about equally.

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 132

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: F

47. Which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect?

a. b. c. d. e. Latinos are defined as people of Latin American origin.

Latinos are a racial group.

Latinos are projected to be 20 percent of the nation’s population by 2030.

Latinos have lagged behind African Americans in gaining political office.

Latinos favor government restrictions on abortion more than other groups.

ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: 133

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: F

48. Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

a. b. c. d. e. Women are more likely to favor government action to promote equality.

Women are more likely to favor affirmative action.

Men are less likely to favor increased spending on social programs.

Men are more likely to favor the death penalty.

Women are more likely to favor going to war.

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 134

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: F

49. The contemporary political “gender gap” refers to the tendency of women to

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

a. b. identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.

vote less than men do.

c. favor female candidates for office over male candidates.

d. e. pay less attention to politics than men do.

vote more for Republican candidates than men do.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 134

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: F

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50. The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

a. political ideology.

b. party identification.

c. liberalism or conservatism.

d. political socialization.

e. communalism.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 134

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: F

51. With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20 percent of

the American population is

a. Catholics.

b. Protestants.

c. Jews.

d. Muslims.

e. “unaffiliated.”

ANSWER: e

REFERENCES: 134

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: F

52. Which of the following statements concerning ideological “moderates” is correct?

a. Fewer Americans identify as “moderate” than as liberal or conservative.

b. Moderates tend to have higher than average incomes and education.

c. Moderates are as likely as liberals and conservatives to correctly identify ideologies.

d. Many people identify as “moderate” because they do not understand the alternatives.

e. Options a and b are correct.

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 135-136

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

NOTES: F

53. In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote

a. b. c. d. e. economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order.

freedom ahead of economic equality, and social order ahead of freedom.

freedom ahead of both economic equality and social order.

both economic equality and social order ahead of freedom.

business and government policy ahead of social order.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 136

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: C

54. In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote

a. b. c. d. e. both order and equality over freedom.

order over freedom and freedom over equality.

freedom over both order and equality.

equality over freedom and freedom over order.

liberty and equality over fairness.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 138

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: C

55. People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as

a. liberal.

b. communitarian.

c. conservative.

d. libertarian.

e. none of the categories above

ANSWER: d

REFERENCES: 138

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

NOTES: F

56. A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of

a. b. low education and high income.

low education and low income.

c. d. e. low income and high education.

high income and high education.

moderate education and moderate income.

ANSWER: d

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REFERENCES: 138-139

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

NOTES: C

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57. About _______ of immigrants in America are undocumented.

a. 5 percent

b. a quarter

c. a third

d. half

e. three quarters

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 140

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

NOTES: F

58. The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before

the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

a. backfire effect.

b. fog of war.

c. misinformation effect.

d. crowd delusion syndrome.

e. willfulness effect.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 141

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

NOTES: C

59. Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model more difficult to sustain.

a. communitarian

b. pluralist

c. majoritarian

d. substantive

e. procedural

ANSWER: c

REFERENCES: 141

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

NOTES: A

60. According to the self-interest principle, people tend to

a. choose what benefits them personally.

b. have only a vague notion of how political ideology impacts policy outcomes.

c. misunderstand costs and benefits of different policies.

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

d. be inflexible in their ideology.

e. select policy options based on their perception of the greatest good for the greatest number.

ANSWER: a

REFERENCES: 141

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

NOTES: F

61. Explain how the majoritarian and pluralist models of democracy differ in their assumptions about the role of public

opinion in democratic government.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 120-121

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.1 – LO1

62. Identify and discuss the factors that can cause polls results to be wrong.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 122-124

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

63. Explain what skewed, bimodal, and normal distributions are.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 124-125

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.2 – LO2

64. Describe two of the earliest sources of political socialization and another source that grows in importance as

Americans reach adulthood.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 127-129

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.3 – LO3

65. How is education related to attitudes toward social order and economic freedom?

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 131-132

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

66. How is geographic region related to Americans’ political beliefs?

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 132

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

67. How are race and ethnicity related to political beliefs and opinion?

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 132-133

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

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CHAPTER 5 – Public Opinion and Political Socialization

68. How is gender related to political beliefs and opinion?

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 134-135

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.4 – LO4

69. Based on the ideological typology described in the text, explain how liberals and conservatives differ in America.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 138-139

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.5 – LO5

70. Explain how the self-interest principle and sociotropic responses impact Americans’ political attitudes.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 141

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

71. Discuss issue framing and how it can be used by politicians and others.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

REFERENCES: 142

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CHDM.JAND.16.5.6 – LO6

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