The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic, Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

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Chapter 5—Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775

SHORT ANSWER

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. Jonathan Edwards

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Awakening

2. Benjamin Franklin

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Schools and Colleges | A Provincial Culture | Pioneer Presses

3. John Trumbull

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Provincial Culture

4. George Whitefield

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Awakening

5. John Peter Zenger

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Pioneer Presses

6. Phillis Wheatley

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Provincial Culture

7. John Singleton Copley

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Provincial Culture

8. Charles Willson Peale

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Provincial Culture

9. Lord Cornbury

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Game of Politics10. Andrew Hamilton

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Pioneer Presses

11. Pennsylvania Dutch

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

12. Great Awakening

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Awakening

13. “praying towns”

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

14. “jayle birds”

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

15. “established” churches

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Dominant Denominations

16. new lights

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Awakening

17. triangular trade

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Workaday America

18. Molasses Act

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Workaday America

19. Scots-Irish

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

20. Poor Richard’s Almanack

ANS: Answers will vary.REF: A Provincial Culture

21. New York slave revolt

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Africans in America

22. Zenger trial

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Pioneer Presses

23. Yankee seamen

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Workaday America

24. taverns

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Horsepower and Sailpower

25. royal colonies

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Game of Politics

26. proprietary colonies

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Game of Politics

27. lotteries

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Colonial Folkways

28. tenant farmers

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

29. South Carolina slave revolt

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Africans in America

30. ringshout

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Africans in America | Makers of America: From African to African31. Gullah

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: Africans in America

32. power of the purse

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Game of Politics

33. old lights

ANS: Answers will vary.

REF: The Great Awakening

MULTIPLE CHOICE

34. 35. 36. 37. Identify the statement that is FALSE.

a. The population of the thirteen colonies, mainly Anglo-Saxon, was the least ethnically

mixed to be found anywhere in the world.

b. The South, holding about 90 percent of the slaves, displayed its historic black-and-white

racial composition.

c. New England, mostly staked out by the original Puritan migrants, showed the least ethnic

diversity.

d. The Middle Colonies received the bulk of later white immigrants and boasted the most

variety of people.

e. In 1775, outside of New England, about one-half the population was non-English.

ANS: A REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

One outstanding feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their

a. relatively equal wealth.

b. economic organization.

c. similar social structures.

d. rapidly growing populations.

e. support of religious freedom.

ANS: D REF: Conquest by the Cradle

As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century,

a. b. the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country shifted.

the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an

increasing need for laborers in Britain.

c. d. e. the need for slave labor declined.

the rate of immigration from Europe slowed.

the British government granted greater autonomy to colonial governments.

ANS: A REF: Conquest by the Cradle

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

a. immigration from Europe.

b. c. d. the natural fertility of Native Americans.

the importation of slaves from Africa.

the anti-birth control teachings of colonial churches.38. e. the natural fertility of all Americans.

ANS: E REF: Conquest by the Cradle

The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was about

a. 25.

b. 30.

c. 40.

d. 20.

e. 16.

ANS: E REF: Conquest by the Cradle

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Which of the following was NOT one of colonial America’s cities in 1775?

a. New York

b. Charlestown

c. Philadelphia

d. Boston

e. Buffalo

ANS: E REF: Conquest by the Cradle

About ____ percent of the American colonists in 1775 lived in rural areas.

a. 50

b. 70

c. 90

d. 40

e. 80

ANS: C REF: Conquest by the Cradle

Which statement about German immigrants in 1775 is FALSE?

a. b. c. d. e. They constituted about 6 percent of the total population.

They fled from religious persecution, economic oppression, and the ravages of war.

In the early 1700s, they had settled chiefly in Pennsylvania.

Most belonged to the Catholic Church.

They belonged to several different Protestant groups  primarily Lutheran.

ANS: D REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

The prevalent Scots-Irish attitude toward government was that they

a. b. c. d. e. showed remarkable willingness to follow authority.

displayed great loyalty to Britain.

cherished no love for the British or any other government.

liked colonial American assemblies better than the British Parliament.

identified with American Indians’ tribal way of life.

ANS: C REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

By 1775, ____ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America.

a. Africans

b. Germans

c. West Indians

d. Scots-Irish

e. French44. 45. 46. 47. 48. ANS: A REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

The population of the thirteen American colonies was

a. b. d. e. about evenly divided among Anglo-Saxons, French, Scots-Irish, and Germans.

perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon.

c. about one-half non-English.

most ethnically mixed in New England.

largely German and African American in the South.

ANS: B REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

Which statement describes a distinguishing feature of royal colonies as compared to proprietary

colonies?

a. The upper house of the colonial legislature was appointed by the crown in royal colonies

and by proprietors in proprietary colonies.

b. The governors of proprietary colonies were popularly elected while governors of royal

colonies were appointed by the king.

c. Unlike royal colonies, proprietary colonies were always running into trouble with the

English king, who did not like their relative freedom from royal control.

d. Unlike in proprietary colonies, in royal colonies, the legislatures were obedient and

accepted British oversight without question.

e. In proprietary colonies, business owners were exempted from all taxes, whereas in royal

colonies, the king taxed business transactions heavily.

ANS: A REF: The Great Game of Politics

The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South

a. b. c. d. e. were distributed evenly among whites.

helped to narrow the gap between rich and poor.

created a serious problem with inflation.

were concentrated in the hands of the largest planters.

enabled many poor whites to escape tenant farming.

ANS: D REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

In the mid-1700s, the number of poor people in the American colonies

a. b. c. d. e. became greater than in all of Europe.

had increased to the point of overpopulation.

had begun to decline from seventeenth-century levels.

remained tiny compared with the number in Britain.

was about one-third of the population.

ANS: D REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased for several reasons.

What is NOT one of these reasons?

a. b. c. Earlier wars made Northern merchants rich and created a class of widows and orphans.

The supply of unclaimed land in New England began to diminish.

As average farm size shrank in New England, farmers’ sons and daughters were forced to

hire out as wage laborers.

d. e. The average size of New England farms increased dramatically.

Slavery concentrated wealth in a few wealthy planters’ hands.

ANS: D REF: The Structure of Colonial Society49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. The attempt of some colonial legislatures to end the African slave trade was blocked by

a. a coalition of slave owners.

b. South Carolina.

c. the British authorities.

d. poor whites.

e. New England slave trading interests.

ANS: C REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

Several conditions caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and then to America. What is

NOT one of these conditions?

a. The poor quality of farmland in Scotland

b. The spread of commercial farming

c. Extremely high rent increases

d. Persecution for their Catholic religion

e. Paying taxes to support the Anglican church

ANS: D REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

What is LEAST characteristic of the Scots-Irish?

a. Fiercely independent

b. The pioneer settlers of the Appalachian frontier regions, where they continued their

tradition of whiskey distilling

c. Generally Presbyterian

d. Originally from the Lowlands of Scotland

e. Great defenders of Indian rights

ANS: A REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

Which group was NOT part of the non-English white colonial population?

a. French Huguenots

b. Germans who became known as Pennsylvania Dutch

c. Welsh

d. Italians

e. Jews

ANS: D REF: A Potpourri of Peoples

How did Native Americans contribute to a new multicultural American identity?

a. As the remnants of devastated and displaced tribes mingled, polyglot Native American

communities emerged that blurred individual tribal boundaries.

b. c. Indian villages offered a model to European settlers of multicultural peace and harmony.

Native American views of nature influenced Europeans colonists and provided common

ground for white colonists to unite in respect for the land and its resources.

d. Native Americans intermarried and integrated with African peoples throughout the

colonies, creating a hybrid American culture.

e. Native Americans and Scot-Irish intermingled on the Appalachian frontier of white

settlement, creating a new and distinct American regional culture.

ANS: A REF: p. A Potpourri of Peoples

The most honored profession in early colonial society was

a. medicine.

b. law.

c. the ministry.55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. d. farming.

e. business.

ANS: C REF: Clergy, Physicians, and Jurists

What was the progression of the slave trade in the American colonies over the course of the 1700s?

a. Slave imports to the Chesapeake increased, as tobacco markets flourished, while the slave

trade plummeted in South Carolina.

b. c. The slave trade became an important economic activity throughout the colonies.

In the Chesapeake, the slave trade became less important as the slave population increased

naturally, while Deep South planters remained dependent on the slave trade.

d. Slave traders shifted their focus to importing female slaves, to better balance the slave

population.

e. The slave trade withered away because it had become unprofitable.

ANS: C REF: Africans in America

Up to the time of the American Revolution, lawyers were generally regarded as

a. valued defenders of colonial liberties.

b. windbags and troublemakers.

c. useful primarily for settling disputes over land.

d. tools of the British government.

e. too narrowly educated by elite colleges.

ANS: B REF: Clergy, Physicians, and Jurists

The most important economic enterprise in the American colonies was

a. fishing.

b. manufacturing.

c. commerce.

d. agriculture.

e. slave trading.

ANS: D REF: Workaday America

Colonists throughout the eighteenth century universally enjoyed many amusements. What was NOT of

these?

a. Militia musters.

b. Weddings and funerals.

c. Christmas celebrations.

d. Winter sports in the North; cockfighting, hunting and horse racing in the South.

e. Thanksgiving festivities.

ANS: C REF: Colonial Folkways

The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry

a. was not that profitable.

b. c. d. e. involved trade among New England, Spain, and Latin America.

involved the trading of wheat for clothing and clothing for slaves.

saw the Spanish gaining the largest profits.

involved the trading of rum for African slaves and slaves for molasses.

ANS: E REF: Workaday America

What prompted some colonial legislatures, most notably South Carolina´s in 1760, to seek an end to

the importation of slaves?61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. a. Lack of profit

b. c. d. Fear of competition from the northern colonies

Concern over the gender imbalance of the slave population

Worry about diseases being brought into slave communities by newly imported Africans

e. Fear of slave rebellion

ANS: D REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

Although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, colonists did produce

a. rum.

b. beaver hats.

c. lumber.

d. iron.

e. tea.

ANS: E REF: Workaday America

The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was

a. iron making.

b. arms and munitions production.

c. lumbering.

d. rum distilling.

e. textiles.

ANS: C REF: Workaday America

What distinguished slavery in the northern colonies in the eighteenth century?

a. b. c. It existed on a much smaller scale.

It did not exist at all.

It was an important part of the economy in New England, where most slaves worked in

large gangs on plantations.

d. e. Slaves were forbidden from engaging in any activity besides agriculture.

Fear of slave rebellion led to several colonies banning the slave trade.

ANS: A REF: Africans in America

Which of the following strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain?

a. b. c. d. e. British demand to halt the importation of slaves

Growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain

Lack of any British regulations regarding trade with foreign nations

Strict British enforcement of the Molasses Act

Americans’ unwillingness to trade with the French West Indies

ANS: B REF: Workaday America

The British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733 to

a. b. c. d. e. stimulate the colonies’ “triangle trade” with Africa and the West Indies.

satisfy colonial demands for earning foreign exchange money.

inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies.

increase the colonists’ standard of living and protect the livelihood of colonial merchants.

require Americans to sell their molasses to the British.

ANS: C REF: Workaday America

How did American merchants respond to the Molasses Act of 1733?

a. They gave up on trade with any nation other than Britain, as a show of obedience to the67. 68. 69. 70. 71. b. c. d. e. crown.

They withheld their exports to Britain in protest, foreshadowing the rebellion to come.

They took the opportunity it afforded them to sell more molasses to the French West

Indies.

They used bribery and smuggling to get around the law.

They used the subsidies it provided to invest in sugar growing in the Deep South.

ANS: D REF: Workaday America

Transportation in colonial America was

a. b. c. d. e. surprisingly fast for the time.

safer by road than by any other means.

slow by any of the means available.

enhanced by the introduction of the Pony Express.

most hazardous on the waterways.

ANS: C REF: Horsepower and Sailpower

What is NOT a characteristic of Colonial American taverns?

a. Frequented mainly by the lower class

b. Cradles of democracy

c. Hotbeds of agitation for the revolutionary movement

d. Centers for crystallizing public opinion

e. Places of amusement and gossip

ANS: A REF: Horsepower and Sailpower

How successful were British authorities in extending the official reach of the Church of England to the

eighteenth-century colonies?

a. Colonists in the South were largely Catholic and resented any increase in Anglican

presence, but failed in opposing British action.

b. Colonists welcomed any strengthening of the widely beloved Anglican religion in the

American context.

c. Colonists were indifferent to matters of government and religion, so British officials

enjoyed a free hand in increasing Anglican authority.

d. Colonists in New England had grown weary of their domination by Congregationalist

ministers and accepted stronger Anglican support.

e. Colonists outside the South were suspicious and resentful of British schemes to increase

Anglican authority and successfully opposed them.

ANS: E REF: Dominant Denominations

In 1775, the ____ churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial

America.

a. Methodist and Anglican

b. Presbyterian and Congregational

c. Congregational and Anglican

d. Quaker and Catholic

e. Presbyterian and Anglican

ANS: C REF: Dominant Denominations

Match each denomination on the left with the region where it predominated.

A. Congregationalist 1. the frontier

B. Anglican 2. New England72. 73. 74. 75. 76. C. Presbyterian 3. the South

a. A-2, B-3, C-l

b. A-2, B-1, C-3

c. A-1, B-3, C-2

d. A-3, B-2, C-1

e. A-3, B-1, C-2

ANS: A REF: A Potpourri of Peoples | Dominant Denominations

As the Revolution approached, Presbyterian and Congregational ministers, unlike Anglican clergy,

generally

a. remained neutral.

b. supported rebellions against the Crown.

c. sided with the Anglican clergymen.

d. opposed the idea of revolution.

e. split on the issue of independence.

ANS: B REF: Dominant Denominations

How had religion changed in the colonies by the early 1700s?

a. b. Religious intolerance and devotion had both grown as the population expanded.

The growing population had become increasingly secular, abandoning religious worship in

droves.

c. Puritanism had expanded beyond its New England base to dominate throughout the

colonies.

d. e. Toleration had increased but religion was less fervid.

Religion had become increasingly yoked to the interests of slaveowners.

ANS: D REF: The Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards’s theology and preaching emphasized

a. b. c. d. e. the need for greater religious toleration.

that good works could get you into heaven.

that reason and intellect were opposed to religion.

that emotion had no place in religion.

righteousness and complete dependence on God’s grace.

ANS: E REF: Dominant Denominations | The Great Awakening

Match each individual on the left with his or her profession.

A. Jonathan Edwards 1. poet

B. Benjamin Franklin 2. scientist

C. Phillis Wheatley 3. theologian

4. portrait artist

a. A-2, B-1, C-3

b. A-1, B-3, C-2

c. A-3, B-2, C-1

d. A-1, B-2, C-3

e. A-2, B-3, C-1

ANS: C REF: The Great Awakening | A Provincial Culture

The “new light” preachers of the Great Awakeninga. delivered intensely emotional sermons.

b. rarely addressed themselves to the matter of individual salvation.

c. reinforced the established churches.

d. were ultimately unsuccessful in arousing the religious enthusiasm of colonial Americans.

e. emphasized the necessity of an educated clergy.

ANS: A REF: The Great Awakening

77. The Great Awakening

a. undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies.

b. split colonial churches into several competing denominations.

c. led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges.

d. was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people.

e. focused much energy on the evils of slavery.

78. 79. 80. 81. ANS: E REF: The Great Awakening

How did colonial American views on education change with time?

a. b. American colonists came to embrace education as essential training for citizenship.

It became increasingly important to Americans that their best and brightest attend the

leading English universities at Oxford and Cambridge.

c. American colonists moved away from the English view that education should be reserved

for an aristocratic few.

d. e. Americans came to see education as unimportant beyond primary school.

Southern colonists inspired the other regions in establishing a broad system of public

education.

ANS: C REF: Schools and Colleges

In colonial America, education was most zealously promoted

a. in the South.

b. in New England.

c. on the frontier.

d. in the middle colonies.

e. in those areas controlled by Spain.

ANS: B REF: Schools and Colleges

Most colonial schools and colleges emphasized

a. mathematics and natural sciences.

b. practical subjects like agriculture and forestry.

c. modern languages.

d. history and philosophy.

e. religion and classical languages.

ANS: E REF: Schools and Colleges

The first American college not controlled by a religious denomination was

a. Harvard.

b. Yale.

c. The University of Connecticut

d. Brown University.

e. The University of Pennsylvania.

ANS: E REF: Schools and Colleges82. 83. 84. 85. 86. Which statement best describes culture and the arts in the colonies?

a. They were relatively unimportant for most colonists and derivative of European,

especially British, styles.

b. Among the colonists were many devoted patrons and countless talented artists, but they

depended largely on Europe for inspiration.

c. Colonists were avid consumers of African styles and influences in the arts and nurtured

slave artisans and artists.

d. Native American art, music and architecture heavily influenced colonial Americans´

cultural sensibilities.

e. The thriving arts and culture of the American colonies reflected the individualism and

creativity of the frontier.

ANS: A REF: A Provincial Culture

Benjamin Franklin was often called the “first civilized American” for several reasons. What is NOT

one of these reasons?

A. B. C. D. His prowess as a scientist, especially his experiments with electricity

The literary achievement of his autobiography

His role as founder of columbia university

His popular and influential Poor Richard´s Almanack

E. His inventions, including bifocals

ANS: C REF: A Provincial Culture

What is NOT a feature of the African American culture created by slaves out of New and Old World

elements?

a. Gullah

b. “Negro” spirituals

c. The ringshout

d. The longhouse religion

e. A messianic focus among Christian slaves on Jesus as liberator

ANS: D REF: Africans in America | Makers of America: From African to African

The jury’s decision in the John Peter Zenger case was significant because

a. b. c. d. e. it closely adhered to the judge’s instructions.

it showed the power of investigative journalism.

it pointed the way toward open public discussion and partial freedom of the press.

it displayed British officials’ arbitrary power over the colonists.

it allowed the press to print irresponsible criticisms of powerful people.

ANS: C REF: Pioneer Presses

Which was the most historically significant function of colonial newspapers?

a. b. They enabled slave traders to advertise their wares.

They allowed many more Americans to read Benjamin Franklin´s sage advice as “Poor

Richard” than would have otherwise been the case.

c. They provided news-hungry Americans with timely information on local events as they

waited for news from overseas.

d. They provided a forum for the airing of colonial grievances and rallying opposition to

British dominance.

e. By providing relatively inexpensive reading materials, they inhibited the development of a

library system.

ANS: D REF: Pioneer Presses87. By 1775, most governors of the American colonies were

a. appointed by colonial proprietors.

b. appointed by the king.

c. elected by popular vote.

d. elected by the vote of colonial legislatures.

e. appointed by the British Parliament.

ANS: B REF: The Great Game of Politics

88. Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the governors to their will because

a. b. the governors often had a greater sense of loyalty to their colony than to the king.

the governors were usually chosen by colonial legislatures and could be removed from

office by the legislatures.

c. the king generally held the views of colonial legislators in higher regard than those of the

governors.

d. e. colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors’ salaries.

they regularly threatened to use the power of impeachment.

ANS: D REF: The Great Game of Politics

89. In colonial elections,

a. most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote.

b. the right to vote was reserved for property holders.

c. only a small landed elite had the right to vote.

d. average citizens were usually elected to office.

e. slavery came to be a dominant issue.

ANS: B REF: The Great Game of Politics

90. By the mid-eighteenth century, Britain’s North American colonies shared all of the following qualities

EXCEPT

a. some degree of ethnic and religious toleration.

b. they were largely English-speaking.

c. they were primarily Protestant in religion.

d. opportunity for social mobility.

e. universal free public education.

ANS: E REF: Colonial Folkways

91. The main reason that Puritan churches were struggling in the early eighteenth century was because

a. b. c. d. e. parishioners found their theological doctrines too elaborate and sermons too tedious.

parishioners thought that ministers had gone too soft in their preaching.

church members embraced the notion of predestination.

they banned their predominantly female membership from any leadership positions.

the Anglican Church successfully competed for church members.

ANS: A REF: The Great Awakening

92. What was NOT true of the American population in 1775?

a. b. c. d. e. Most colonists lived east of the Allegheny Mountains.

Most colonists lived in rural areas.

The average age of colonists was about sixteen.

Colonists were of predominantly English stock.

The population totaled about five million.93. Family units were difficult to form because slave populations remained almost

94. 95. 96. 97. 98. ANS: E REF: Conquest by the Cradle | A Potpourri of Peoples

Which condition was NOT characteristic of the Chesapeake, as compared to the Deep South?

a. b. Work on tobacco plantations was less physically demanding than rice plantations.

Tobacco plantations were smaller and closer to one another, allowing for more contact

with friends and relatives.

c. d. The proportion of female slaves in the Chesapeake began to rise by 1720.

The Chesapeake was one of the few slave societies in history to perpetuate itself by

its own natural reproduction.

e. entirely male.

ANS: E REF: Africans in America

The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest in

a. Maryland.

b. Virginia.

c. South Carolina.

d. New York.

e. Pennsylvania.

ANS: C REF: Africans in America

Leaders of the Great Awakening endorsed

a. the teaching of the old lights.

b. antinomianism.

c. the Half-Way Covenant.

d. dependence on God’s grace.

e. straightforward preaching styles.

ANS: D REF: The Great Awakening

In colonial New England, education was primarily

a. b. c. d. e. reserved for an elite few.

designed to promote good citizenship.

intended largely for religious instruction.

provided to foster independent thinking and aesthetic appreciation.

aimed at preparing students for college.

ANS: C REF: Schools and Colleges

The slave culture that developed in America

a. was derived exclusively from African roots.

b. rejected Christianity.

c. was Muslim in its religious teachings.

d. contained many Western elements that remained thoroughly European.

e. was a uniquely New World creation.

ANS: E REF: Africans in America | Makers of America: From African to African

Which statement about colonial newspaper printer John Peter Zenger is FALSE?

a. b. c. d. He was charged with seditious libel against the royal governor of New York.

He was found innocent of the charges brought against him.

He helped lay the foundations for a critical press in a diverse society.

His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, was so eloquent in his defense that the jury was persuaded99. 100. e. to defy the judge in finding him innocent.

He was responsible for temporary restrictions on the free press.

ANS: E REF: Pioneer Presses

Which statement about eighteenth-century American colonies is FALSE?

a. b. c. d. e. Most people had sufficient food to stay healthy.

Only a minority of homes had bathtubs and running water.

Lotteries were a common source of funds for education and religion.

Arts and culture were not terribly to most people.

Labor was heavy and constant.

ANS: B REF: A Provincial Culture | Colonial Folkways

What was NOT a characteristic of the lives of enslaved women?

a. b. c. d. e. They worked longer days than male slaves.

They had to find time in the evenings to spin, weave and sew clothes for their families.

They were constantly vulnerable to sexual exploitation by their masters.

They were allowed a lighter workload when they had children.

They were a small proportion of the slave population before 1720.

ANS: D REF: Africans in America | Makers of America: From African to African

ESSAY

101. 102. 103. 104. 105. Summarize the key features of the American population in the early eighteenth century. Consider its

sources, size, location, diversity, and mobility.

ANS: Answers will vary. Structure of Colonial Society

REF: Conquest by the Cradle | A Potpourri of Peoples | The

To what extent did differences in wealth and status in the colonies increase from 1700 to 1775? How

did this increase vary across regions?

ANS: Answers will vary. REF: The Structure of Colonial Society

Explain how the Great Awakening, an intensely religious movement, contributed to the greater unity

of Americans across colonial lines as well as the separation of church and state.

ANS: Answers will vary. REF: The Great Awakening

Describe how a uniquely African American culture formed in the southern colonies and what its

distinguishing features were.

ANS: to African

Answers will vary. REF: Africans in America | Makers of America: From African

What were the short-term and long-term consequences of the American colonists seeking foreign

markets for their exports?

ANS: Answers will vary. REF: Workaday America106. 107. South Carolina came to rely on the importation of slaves more than other colonies as the eighteen

century proceeded, yet it also sought to ban slave imports in 1760. Explain both elements of this

seeming contradiction.

ANS: Answers will vary. REF: Africans in America | The Structure of Colonial Society

How did the presence of so many non-English (Scottish and Irish) and non-British (German, Dutch,

French, African, and so forth) settlers affect the character of Britain’s North American colonies? What

were its particular effects on politics, culture, religion, and social structure?

ANS: Answers will vary. REF: A Potpourri of Peoples | Colonial Folkways