Pay And Download
Complete Test Bank With Answers
Â
Sample Questions Posted Below
True / False
1. It is possible for a secondary group or an aggregate to become a primary group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:00 AM
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
2. Some sociologists believe that virtual communities established on the Internet do not constitute true communities
because virtual communities lack geographic and social boundaries, which contradicts the original concept of community
that emphasizes local place.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:00 AM
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
3. People will always accept the values of the groups of which they are members.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. –
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
Page 1KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:01 AM
4. Fiona is a 6-year-old girl who attends playschool. Her network will consist of her friends and her family, her teachers,
her peers, everyone she knows of, and everyone who knows of her.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:02 AM
5. In the context of the functionalist perspective on leadership, expressive leadership is task oriented, whereas
instrumental leadership provides emotional support for members.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:03 AM
6. Larger groups typically have less solidarity and more formalized leadership than smaller groups.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:03 AM
7. Only secondary groups have leaders; primary groups do not.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:04 AM
8. In times of crisis, such as a war or natural disaster, democratic leaders are likely to be commended for their decisive
actions, whereas authoritarian leaders are likely to be criticized for being dictatorial and for fostering intergroup hostility.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:04 AM
9. In his series of experiments, Asch found that virtually no one was willing to stand up to group pressure and give the
correct response.
a. True
b. False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:05 AM
10. Milgram’s study provides evidence that obedience to even seemingly unreasonable authority may be more common
than most of us would like to believe.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:06 AM
11. In government and other high-level professional organizations, individuals are more likely to advocate for their own
professional opinions rather than to succumb to the pressure of the group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:07 AM
12. In our rapidly changing society, formal organizations continually undergo significant changes in the way they are
structured.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:07 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
13. A person’s gender is the most significant predictor of whether that person will join a mainstream normative
organization.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:08 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
14. People voluntarily become members of utilitarian organizations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:08 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
15. According to Weber, most modern bureaucracies will fit his ideal type and have all of the characteristics that he
described.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:09 AM
16. Weber’s theory does not account for the informal side of bureaucracy.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:09 AM
17. Goal displacement occurs when the rules of an organization become more important than achievement of the actual
goals.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:10 AM
18. Sean works as a software developer in an IT company and performs the highly specialized task of designing mobile
applications. His coworker Georgia works as a content developer for these mobile applications. As such, both Sean and
Georgia perform specialized tasks. When Georgia is unable to come up with suitable content for one of the applications
designed by Sean, she asks him to provide solutions to the problem. However, Sean is unable to do so because he has
become highly specialized. This is an example of trained incapacity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:10 AM
19. Impersonality and focus on technical ability within bureaucracies make them resistant to inequality based on race,
gender, and class.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:11 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 720. Gender and racial/ethnic inequalities tend to be perpetuated in bureaucracies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:12 AM
21. All organizations encounter the iron law of oligarchy. This is evident even in the U.S. Congress. Officials elected to
Congress frequently choose to serve multiple terms in office because it provides them with the opportunity to become
more involved not only in service to their country but also in bureaucratic power.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
VES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-7
the U.S. government.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:12 AM
Define the iron law of oligarchy and apply the concept to a brief analysis of
22. In the Japanese model of organization, managers move through various parts of the organization and acquire technical
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Alternative Forms of Organization
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
S:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-8
as Japan.
–
Identify alternative forms of organization that exist today in nations such
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:13 AM
Multiple Choice
23. A(n)
__________
is a collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another, share a sense of
belonging, and have a feeling of interdependence.
a. social group
b. aggregate
c. category
d. secondary group
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:14 AM
24. A major difference between aggregates and social groups is that people in aggregates:
a. have a feeling of interdependence.
b. share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender.
c. share a common purpose but generally do not interact with one another.
d. never form secondary groups.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: New
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:15 AM
25. Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are examples of
__________.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9a. aggregates
b. categories
c. social groups
d. primary groups
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:16 AM
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
26. A(n)
__________
is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (such
as education level, age, race, or gender).
a. social group
b. category
c. aggregate
d. secondary category
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:16 AM
27. The least amount of interaction between members occurs in a(n) __________.
a. social group
b. category
c. aggregate
d. formal organization
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:17 AM
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
28. Women with blue eyes, people who wear contact lenses, people over 7 feet tall, and college men who belong to a
fraternity are each an example of a(n) __________.
a. social group
b. category
c. aggregate
d. formal organization
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:18 AM
29. Sociologist Charles H. Cooley used the term
__________
to describe a small, less specialized group in which
members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time.
a. secondary group
b. formal group
c. informal group
d. primary group
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:19 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1130. The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________.
a. Charles H. Cooley
b. George H. Mead
c. C. Wright Mills
d. Talcott Parsons
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:19 AM
31. George and Finn have been friends for the past 12 years. They met in college and now live in the same neighborhood.
Both regularly share their problems with and seek advice from each other. Both have toddlers and often share their
experiences of fatherhood as well. In this scenario, George and Finn form a(n) __________.
a. primary group
b. secondary group
c. outgroup
d. aggregate
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:20 AM
32. Cooley coined the term
__________
to refer to a larger, more specialized group in which the members engage in
impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.
a. secondary group
b. primary group
c. ingroup
d. outgroup
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:21 AM
33. The term for people with whom we have primary relationships and those in our primary groups is __________.
a. personal others
b. significant others
c. formal others
d. generalized others
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:21 AM
34. Annette, Joshua, Sandra, and Luis are college students who met for the first time in a sociology class. They study
together and refer to each other’s notes. Otherwise, they see each other only occasionally when their paths cross between
classes. Sociologists would term them a(n) __________.
a. primary group
b. formal group
c. secondary group
d. informal group
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:22 AM
35. Emma started taking French classes six weeks ago. Her class had a total of 15 students who met every Friday for an
hour to learn French. Initially, the students engaged only in impersonal conversations. However, gradually, as they got to
know each other better, they became friends and started having personal, emotion-based conversations with each other.
They also started meeting outside the class. Which of the following statements does this scenario exemplify?
a. An individual’s secondary and primary groups are always mutually exclusive.
b. A social group can become an aggregate.
c. An individual’s significant others can gradually become members of the individual’s secondary group.
d. A secondary group can eventually become a primary group.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:23 AM
36. Sociologist
__________
coined the terms ingroup and outgroup to describe people’s feelings toward members of their
own and other groups.
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Max Weber
c. William Graham Sumner
d. Charles H. Cooley
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:24 AM
37. Rishi is a member of a reading group. The group meets every Wednesday to read works of literature and analyze
them. Rishi identifies with the group members and feels a sense of belonging with them. From Rishi’s perspective, the
reading group is an example of a(n) __________.
a. ingroup
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14b. outgroup
c. aggregate
d. reference group
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:25 AM
38. Sean is a member of The Artists, a theater club in his college. Despite performing well, his club has lost many theater
competitions to Rendezvous, a rival theater club. Sean feels hostile toward the members of Rendezvous. In this context,
Rendezvous is an example of a(n) __________.
a. ingroup
b. outgroup
c. aggregate
d. reference group
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:26 AM
39. Cody is a member of Devil’s Feet, a street gang in New York. The other gangs in his neighborhood are Satan’s Beasts
and The Dark Souls. Cody feels a sense of identity with other members of his gang, but he feels hostile toward the
members of Satan’s Beasts and The Dark Souls. In this scenario, Satan’s Beasts and The Dark Souls are examples of
__________.
a. primary groups
b. ingroups
c. reference groups
d. outgroups
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Modified
–
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:27 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
40. Which of the following characteristics do virtual communities and face-to-face communities have in common?
a. geographic boundaries
b. social boundaries
c. shared interests
d. psychological detachment among members
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:28 AM
41. Rebecca is a member of The Soulfuls, a music band in her college, and feels a sense of identity with her band
members. Music Maestros is a music band of another college that frequently beats The Soulfuls in music competitions. As
a result, Rebecca feels hostile toward the members of Music Maestros. In this context, The Soulfuls is an example of a(n)
__________, whereas Music Maestros is an example of a(n) __________.
a. ingroup; outgroup
b. ingroup; reference group
c. reference group; primary group
d. outgroup; ingroup
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:29 AM
42. Many clubs have “Members Only” signs to indicate that the organization does not welcome outsiders within club
walls. Members of such clubs develop __________, which is the awareness of club members that they share important
commonalities with other members.
a. a consciousness of kind
b. xenocentrism
c. cultural relativism
d. a character mask
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:30 AM
43. Members of a country club, a sorority or a fraternity, or even a group of friends share values and beliefs and are aware
of those who they believe are like them. Sociologists term this awareness __________.
a. consciousness of kind
b. outgroup construction
c. cultural relativism
d. homogeneity
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:31 AM
44. Which of the following terms does not fit with the concept of ingroup as well as the other terms?
a. consciousness of kind
b. ethnocentrism
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17c. cultural relativism
d. closed relationship
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:32 AM
45. Katy is a member of the literature club in her college, but she neither accepts nor follows the values and norms of the
club. She, however, follows the norms and values portrayed by the members of her college sorority because she wants to
become a member of the sorority. In this scenario, Katy’s college sorority is an example of a(n) __________.
a. ingroup
b. outgroup
c. reference group
d. primary group
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:33 AM
46. A reference group differs from an ingroup in that:
a. people may not be members of reference groups but may still be strongly influenced by their norms and
values.
b. people feel a sense of identity with members of reference groups.
c. reference groups become fixed during childhood and remain constant throughout life.
d. people feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility toward members of reference groups.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 18HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: New
–
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:34 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
47. Jocelyn is a junior at the local university and wants to join the student union of her university. The union allows only
second-, third-, and fourth-year students to become members. In preparation for her membership, Jocelyn starts following
the norms and values of the student union and acts more like the members of the union than her peers. In this context, the
student union is an example of a(n)
__________
for Jocelyn.
a. outgroup
b. ingroup
c. primary group
d. reference group
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:35 AM
48. Many
__________
believe that groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and
depthlessness in social relationships because employee interactions with customers are largely scripted and customer
behavior and responses are often tried-and-tested ways of dealing with employees.
a. symbolic interactionists
b. functionalists
c. postmodernists
d. conflict theorists
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 19DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:36 AM
49.
__________
specific goal.
cannot always be met by one person, so being in a group enables one to complete tasks or fulfill a
a. Expressive needs
b. Instrumental needs
c. Social needs
d. Individual needs
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:37 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
50.
__________
are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers
a. Expressive needs
b. Instrumental needs
c. Social needs
d. Individual needs
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:38 AM
51.
__________
likely to have their needs met.
a. Postmodern theorists
suggest that groups involve unequal power relationships so that all members of a group are not equally
b. Functionalists
c. Conflict theorists
d. Symbolic interactionists
ANSWER: c
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 20POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:38 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
52. Which of the following is a purpose of groups according to classical functionalist theorists?
a. To create a series of power relationships among group members
b. To meet the instrumental and expressive needs of group members
c. To enable people to learn about changes in material culture through their daily interactions with others
d. To maintain the existing wealth divide between “haves” and “have-nots” by grouping people based on income
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:43 AM
53. Which of the following types of theorists is most likely to note the scripted nature of interaction in contemporary
society (for example between employees and customers in a fast-food restaurant)?
a. conflict theorists
b. symbolic interactionists
c. functionalists
d. postmodern theorists
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
OTHER: Pickup
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 21DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:43 AM
54. Dyads are different from triads because:
a. dyads typically have more formalized leadership structures than triads.
b. members of dyads are more likely to specialize in different tasks than members of triads.
c. the active participation of both members is crucial to the survival of dyads.
d. dyads typically have less social solidarity than triads.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:44 AM
55. Which of the following sociologists first suggested that small groups have interaction patterns that do not exist in
larger groups?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Max Weber
c. Herbert Spencer
d. Georg Simmel
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:45 AM
56. Two best friends, married couples, and domestic partnerships are each an example of a(n) __________.
a. aggregate
b. dyad
c. triad
d. category
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 22POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:45 AM
57. Rebecca and Farah have been best friends since fourth grade. They have grown up together and have shared
everything with each other. However, when Farah meets Alison at college and makes it a point to include her in all the
activities that Rebecca and Farah used to do together, the nature of Rebecca and Farah’s relationship and their interactions
changes. In this scenario, the change in Farah and Rebecca’s relationship is most likely because of __________.
a. the transformation of their group from a dyad to a triad
b. the exclusion of Rebecca from Farah’s primary group
c. the formation of a coalition against Rebecca
d. the transformation of their group from a dyad to an aggregate
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:46 AM
58. Ali and Mark have been best friends since kindergarten and now attend the same classes at the same college. They
always work together for projects that require students to work in groups of two. However, when one of the professors
requires students to work in groups of three and assigns members to the preexisting groups of two, Ali and Mark form an
alliance to ensure that only their ideas and opinions are considered for the project. This makes Theo, the third member of
their group, feel like an outsider. In this scenario, Ali and Mark have formed a(n)
__________
against Theo.
a. coalition
b. outgroup
c. aggregate
d. secondary group
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 23HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:47 AM
59. A(n)
__________
is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal.
a. affiliation
b. coalition
c. dyad
d. accommodation
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:47 AM
60. The turnout for a protest against a new U.S. legislation that increased taxation on the middle class was 450. Opponents
of this group argued that most people in the middle class did not consider the legislation to be a problem because the
turnout for the protest was low when compared with the number of people who belong to the middle class in the United
States. In this scenario, 450 refers to the protesting group’s __________.
a. relative size
b. potential size
c. absolute size
d. interaction size
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:49 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2461.
__________
refers to the number of potential members a group can have.
a. Hypothetical size
b. Absolute size
c. Dyadic size
d. Relative size
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:50 AM
62. From a __________, if groups exist to meet the instrumental and expressive needs of their members, then leaders are
responsible for helping the group meet those needs.
a. premodern perspective
b. conflict perspective
c. symbolic interactionist perspective
d. functionalist perspective
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:51 AM
63.
__________
refers to goal- or task-oriented leadership.
a. Instrumental leadership
b. Expressive leadership
c. Relational leadership
d. Transitional leadership
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 25QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:53 AM
64. Who among the following is most likely to be effective in times of crisis?
a. Kevin, who never participates in decision making and asks his subordinates to make decisions
b. Hannah, who encourages feedback from her subordinates and gets a consensus from them before making any
important decision
c. Anna, who only provides inputs to her subordinates and leaves them to make their own decisions
d. Raghu, who is authoritative and makes major decisions for his team on his own
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:54 AM
65. Latisha is a member of a group working on a research project for a class assignment. Whenever the group meets, other
members are easily sidetracked and Latisha is always trying to keep the group focused on the assignment. Latisha would
be considered the
__________
of the group.
a. laissez-faire leader
b. expressive leader
c. instrumental leader
d. authoritarian leader
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 26DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:54 AM
66.
__________
provides emotional support for members.
a. Instrumental leadership
b. Expressive leadership
c. Relational leadership
d. Transitional leadership
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:55 AM
67.
__________
high morale are needed.
a. Expressive leadership
b. Transitional leadership
c. Relational leadership
d. Instrumental leadership
ANSWER: a
is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues and when harmony, solidarity, and
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:56 AM
68. Joaquin is a member of a group working on a project for his biology class. Whenever the group meets, there is conflict
among several group members, and this upsets the other members of the group. Joaquin is continuously trying to improve
group harmony and reduce the conflict in the group. Joaquin would be considered the
__________
of the group.
a. transitional leader
b. instrumental leader
c. expressive leader
d. laissez-faire leader
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 27ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:57 AM
69. Who among the following is most likely an authoritarian leader?
a. Alexis, who is supportive of the suggestions of his team members and makes all decisions only after getting a
consensus from them
b. Ethan, who is only minimally involved with his team members and leaves them to make their own decisions
even in times of crisis
c. Steve, who makes all major group decisions without asking for inputs from his team members and demands
their compliance with his orders
d. Diana, who encourages discussion among her team members and consults with them before making any
important group decision
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:58 AM
70. In times of crisis, such as a war or natural disaster,
__________
may be commended for their decisive actions. In other
situations, however, they may be criticized for being dictatorial and for fostering intergroup hostility.
a. cooperative leaders
b. laissez-faire leaders
c. authoritarian leaders
d. democratic leaders
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 28HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:59 AM
71. Some inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is
missing. The
__________
of leadership would be most effective in this situation.
a. authoritarian style
b. democratic style
c. cooperative style
d. laissez-faire style
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 5:59 AM
72. A teacher gives students ideas for an assignment but encourages them to be creative and pick their own subject and
format. In this case, the teacher is using a(n) __________.
a. democratic leadership style
b. laissez-faire leadership style
c. authoritarian leadership style
d. autocratic leadership style
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:01 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2973. Leaders using the
__________
of leadership may be praised for their expressive, supportive behavior toward group
members, but they may also be blamed for being indecisive in times of crisis.
a. authoritarian style
b. laissez-faire style
c. cooperative style
d. democratic style
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:01 AM
74. Leaders using the
__________
of leadership are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group
members to make their own decisions.
a. democratic style
b. authoritarian style
c. laissez-faire style
d. cooperative style
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:02 AM
75. Sarah’s supervisor has been informed that she consistently extends her lunch break by 30 minutes. He chooses to take
a passive approach to this problem, hoping that it will fix itself. Which of the following styles of leadership is the
supervisor exhibiting?
a. authoritarian leadership
b. cooperative leadership
c. democratic leadership
d. laissez-faire leadership
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 30POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:03 AM
76. Sociologists refer to the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a
society, subculture, or other group as __________.
a. conformity
b. anticipatory socialization
c. social control
d. groupthink
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:03 AM
77. In his study of conformity, Solomon Asch found that __________.
a. the subjects stood by their own answers and were not influenced by the incorrect responses of Asch’s
assistants
b. the subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch’s assistants about one–third (33 percent) of
the time
c. the subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch’s assistants over one–half (50 percent) of the
time
d. the subjects always chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch’s assistants
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 31TIVES: leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:06 AM
78. After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________.
a. succumbing to group pressure is less common than many people would like to believe
b. the size of the group has little influence on the extent to which individuals respond to group pressure
c. the degree of social cohesion felt by participants is an important influence on the extent to which individuals
respond to group pressure
d. when it comes to encouraging compliance, groups wield very little power over individuals
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
TIVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:07 AM
79. Kevin, a junior lawyer at a law firm, follows the direct orders of Philip, his supervisor. He complies with the orders of
Philip because Philip is in a position of authority and his feedback would determine whether Kevin gets promoted. This
scenario most likely exemplifies the concept of __________.
a. resocialization
b. obedience
c. ethnocentrism
d. cultural relativism
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:08 AM
80. The research conducted by Stanley Milgram and his colleagues provides evidence that obedience to authority
__________.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 32a. is relatively uncommon
b. takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership
c. may be more common than most people would like to believe
d. occurs only in totalitarian situations
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:08 AM
81. In Stanley Milgram’s experiments on people’s obedience to authority, the “teachers” were asked to give an electric
shock to the “learners” as punishment for giving incorrect answers to questions and to increase the shock level by 15 volts
for every incorrect response. Despite being told that the shocks may be extremely painful, none of the teachers challenged
the process before they had applied
volts.
__________
a. 175
b. 225
c. 300
d. 450
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:09 AM
82. Almost
__________
of Stanley Milgram’s research subjects went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of
electricity if the shock generator had been real.
a. one-quarter
b. one half
c. two-thirds
d. three-quarters
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 33DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:10 AM
83. Steve, a high school student, is attending a biology class. When the teacher asks each student in the class to recall the
function of the sympathetic nervous system, all the students who were asked the question before him incorrectly recall the
function. Despite knowing the correct answer, Steve repeats the answer given by other students because of group pressure.
This scenario exemplifies the concept of __________.
a. conformity
b. ethnocentrism
c. resocialization
d. xenocentrism
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJEC
TIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:11 AM
84. Social psychologist
__________
examined group decision making among political experts and found that major
blunders in U.S. history can be attributed to pressure toward group conformity.
a. Robert Merton
b. Stanley Milgram
c. Irving Janis
d. Solomon Asch
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJE
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
CTIVES:
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 34KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:12 AM
85.
__________
is the term used to refer to the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that
many individual members privately believe is unwise.
a. Group conformity
b. Groupthink
c. Iron law of oligarchy
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJE
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
CTIVES:
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:13 AM
86. The leader of a work group has proposed a solution to a problem. Some group members believe that the solution will
lead to negative results. However, instead of discussing their concerns, they decide not to challenge the leader’s authority.
The result is an unwise decision. In this case, the group has experienced __________.
a. the iron law of oligarchy
b. a self-fulfilling prophecy
c. collective unconsciousness
d. groupthink
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:13 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3587. In 2010, concerns about cost overruns and staying on schedule kept executives of BP, Halliburton, and Transocean
from sharing information and concerns with each other. The result was a shared assumption of safety that ultimately
resulted in the explosion of a BP oil rig and an unprecedented environmental disaster. The failure to express concerns and
confront potential risk is an example of __________.
a. false consciousness
b. the iron law of oligarchy
c. groupthink
d. self-fulfilling prophecy
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:14 AM
88. A(n)
__________
most efficient manner.
a. traditional organization
b. formal organization
c. secondary organization
d. primary organization
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:15 AM
is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
89. Who among the following is a member of a normative organization?
a. Hema, who has joined a college to earn a degree in medicine, which would ensure that her future is
financially secure
b. Elicia, who has joined a military boot camp to train for active duty in the military
c. Angela, who has joined an IT company as a software developer to earn enough money to maintain her
lifestyle
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 36d. Ruby, who has joined an ecological activist group to improve the condition of local rivers
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:16 AM
90. We voluntarily join
__________
prestige from being a member.
a. coercive organizations
b. normative organizations
c. totalitarian organizations
d. utilitarian organizations
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:17 AM
when we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
91. Political parties, ecological activist groups, religious organizations, parent–teacher associations, and college sororities
and fraternities are examples of
__________
because people voluntarily join these organizations to pursue a common goal
or a shared interest.
a. normative organizations
b. utilitarian organizations
c. coercive organizations
d. totalitarian organizations
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 37LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:18 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
92. A person’s class (socioeconomic status based on a person’s education, occupation, and income) is the most significant
predictor of whether he or she will participate in a mainstream __________.
a. totalitarian organization
b. coercive organization
c. normative organization
d. utilitarian organization
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:19 AM
93. People do not voluntarily become members of __________.
a. utilitarian organizations
b. normative organizations
c. totalitarian organizations
d. coercive organizations
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:20 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
94. Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of __________.
a. normative organizations
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 38b. coercive organizations
c. totalitarian organizations
d. utilitarian organizations
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:21 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
95. We voluntarily join
__________
when they can provide us with a material reward we seek.
a. normative organizations
b. coercive organizations
c. utilitarian organizations
d. totalitarian organizations
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:21 AM
96. Who among the following is a member of a utilitarian organization?
a. Angela, who works as a lawyer at a prestigious law firm and earns $60,000 annually
b. Shaun, who is in prison for homicide and is forbidden from moving freely without a security guard
c. Caleb, who is a member of a parent–teacher association that aims to promote better education
d. Ritu, who is a member of a nonprofit organization that works toward eradicating poverty
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 39LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
–
ES:
differ in membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:23 AM
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they
97. Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of bureaucracies as identified by Weber?
a. Bureaucracies are characterized by members who learn to perform all tasks to avoid specialization of work.
b. Bureaucracies are impersonal in that they require everyone to follow the same rules and to be treated the
same.
c. Bureaucracies typically have a flat organizational structure with a very low power distance between managers
and their subordinates.
d. Bureaucracies typically promote nepotism and promote employees based on preferential treatment rather than
on merit.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:24 AM
98. A(n)
__________
is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor,
explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters.
a. democracy
b. monarchy
c. anarchy
d. bureaucracy
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:25 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4099. Weber used the term
__________
to refer to the process by which traditional, informal, and spontaneous methods of
social organization are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures.
a. rationality
b. oligarchy
c. transition
d. assimilation
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:25 AM
100. Which of the following sociologists applied ideal-type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study
bureaucracies?
a. Irving Janis
b. Solomon Asch
c. Karl Marx
d. Max Weber
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:26 AM
101. A(n)
__________
bureaucracy).
is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as
a. symbolic representation
b. ideal type
c. repetitive paradigm
d. archetype
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 41DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:27 AM
102. A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. A corporate executive need not be able
to program the department’s computer system. These examples illustrate
__________
in a bureaucratic organization.
a. impersonality
b. the hierarchy of authority
c. goal displacement
d. the division of labor
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:28 AM
103. A school district is run by a board of elected officials, which hires a superintendent, who, in turn, selects principals
for its schools and other administrative staff. The principals and staff members report to and are controlled by the
superintendent, who, in turn, reports to and is supervised by the school board. This is an example of the bureaucratic
characteristic of __________.
a. impersonality
b. goal displacement
c. xenocentrism
d. hierarchy of authority
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 42KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:31 AM
104. Which of the following is a criticism of Weber’s ideal-type analysis of bureaucracies?
a. It largely failed to take into account the informal side of bureaucracy.
b. It largely failed to consider the hierarchical structure of most bureaucracies.
c. It failed to identify division of labor as one of the ideal characteristics of bureaucracies.
d. It failed to recognize the impersonal nature of bureaucracies.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:32 AM
105. Which of the following is a weakness of bureaucracies in contemporary nations?
a. low span of control due to flat organizational structures
b. inefficiency and rigidity
c. cultural relativism and pluralism
d. nepotism resulting from the merit-based selection of employees
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: New
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:33 AM
106. The text uses the expression “bureaucracy’s other face” to refer to __________.
a. b. d. the organizational chart of a bureaucracy
the formal structure of a bureaucracy
c. a bureaucracy’s invisible quality
the informal activities within a bureaucracy
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 43ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:34 AM
107. The “grapevine” spreads information (with varying degrees of accuracy) much faster than do official channels of
communication, which tend to be slow and unresponsive. Within a bureaucracy, the “grapevine” is an example of
__________.
a. impersonality
b. an informal structure
c. rules and regulations
d. a hierarchy of authority
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:34 AM
108. A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. He is refused shelter for the
night because he arrived late. In the context of the problems that arise within bureaucracies as a result of strict adherence
to rules and regulations, this scenario is an example of __________.
a. ethnocentrism
b. xenocentrism
c. goal displacement
d. trained incapacity
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 44LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:35 AM
109. Several employees at a fast-food restaurant call in sick at the last minute. The manager tries to fill in but doesn’t
know how to run the drive-through intercom or use the machines installed in the kitchen or perform basic tasks such as
customer billing. This is because the manager performs the specialized task of supervising his team members and has
become so accustomed to it that he is unable to perform other basic tasks. In the context of the problems that arise within
bureaucracies as a result of division of labor, this scenario exemplifies __________.
a. ethnocentrism
b. ritualism
c. goal displacement
d. trained incapacity
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
VES:
nations such as the United States.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:36 AM
110. The term bureaucratic personality refers to __________.
a. the CEO or any other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization
b. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media
c. an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done
d. employees’ interaction with each other while at work
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
VES:
nations such as the United States.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:37 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 45111. The tendency of bureaucracies to be ruled by a few people is termed the iron law of __________.
a. anarchy
b. oligarchy
c. autocracy
d. the power elite
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-7
VES:
the U.S. government.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:38 AM
–
Define the iron law of oligarchy and apply the concept to a brief analysis of
112. Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. This is one of
the primary reasons for the emergence of __________.
a. anarchy
b. oligarchy
c. trained incapacity
d. goal displacement
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-7
–
Define the iron law of oligarchy and apply the concept to a brief analysis of
VES:
the U.S. government.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:38 AM
113. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes __________.
a. a more rigid hierarchical structure
b. a greater emphasis on sharing information
c. helping employees focus on work
d. a reduction in the amount of informal activity
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Alternative Forms of Organization
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 46QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
SIOT.KEND.18.5-8
S:
as Japan.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:39 AM
Identify alternative forms of organization that exist today in nations such
Subjective Short Answer
114. Differentiate between the sociological concepts of groups, aggregates, and categories with examples.
ANSWER: A social group is a collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another, share a
sense of belonging, and have a feeling of interdependence. An aggregate is a collection of people who
happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common (such as several
people waiting for a traffic light to change). A category is a number of people who may never have
met one another but share a similar characteristic (such as education level, age, race, or gender).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
Basic
MODE:
LEARNING OBJE
SIOT.KEND.18.5-1
–
Explain what constitutes a social group as opposed to an aggregate or a
CTIVES:
category.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:40 AM
115. Differentiate between primary and secondary groups and explain how people’s relationships differ in each.
ANSWER: Sociologist Charles H. Cooley used the term primary group to describe a small, less specialized group
in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of
time. We have primary relationships with other individuals in our primary groups—that is, with our
significant others, who frequently serve as role models. In contrast, a secondary group is a larger,
more specialized group in which the members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships
for a limited period of time.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
example of each.
–
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
Page 47KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:41 AM
116. Define the terms ingroup, outgroup, and reference group and explain the significance of these concepts in everyday
life with the help of personal experiences.
ANSWER: All groups set boundaries by distinguishing between insiders who are members and outsiders who are
not members. An ingroup is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a
sense of identity. A student’s ingroup may be the club to which he or she belongs, such as a reading
club or a theater group. An outgroup is a group to which a person does not belong and toward which
the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility. A student’s outgroup may be groups
toward which the student feels hostile; for example, members of a theater group may feel hostile
toward members of a music group because the latter has a larger audience. Ingroups provide us not
only with a source of identity but also with a point of reference. A reference group is a group that
strongly influences a person’s behavior and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an
actual member. An example of a reference group for a student may be a college sorority that the
student wants to join. The student may try and inculcate the values and behaviors portrayed by the
members of the sorority rather than the values and norms of the group to which the student belongs.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:41 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
117. Explain the purpose of groups from functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist, and postmodernist perspectives.
ANSWER: According to functionalists, people form groups to meet instrumental and expressive needs.
Instrumental, or task-oriented, needs cannot always be met by one person, so the group works
cooperatively to fulfill a specific goal. Groups help members do jobs that are impossible to do alone
or that would be very difficult and time-consuming at best. In addition, groups help people meet their
expressive, or emotional, needs, especially those involving self-expression and support from family,
friends, and peers. Conflict theorists suggest that groups also involve a series of power relationships
whereby the needs of individual members may not be equally served. Symbolic interactionists focus
on how the size of a group influences the kind of interaction that takes place among members. To
many postmodernists, groups and organizations—like other aspects of postmodern societies—are
generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 48HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:42 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
118. Define dyads and triads and explain the effect of group size on interaction patterns with emphasis on coalitions.
ANSWER: The size of a group is one of its most important features. Interactions are more personal and intense in
a small group, a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to
interact simultaneously. A dyad is a group composed of two members; the active participation of both
members is crucial to the group’s survival. If one member withdraws from interaction or “quits,” the
group ceases to exist. Dyads provide members with an intense bond and a sense of unity not found in
most large groups. When a third person is added to a dyad, a triad, or a group composed of three
members, is formed. In a triad, even if one member ignores another or declines to participate, the
group can still function. In addition, two members may unite to create a coalition that can subject the
third member to pressure to conform. A coalition is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared
objective or goal. If two members form a coalition, the other member may be seen as an outsider or
intruder. As the size of a group increases beyond three people, members tend to specialize in different
tasks, and everyday communication patterns change. In groups of more than six or seven people, it
becomes increasingly difficult for everyone to take part in the same conversations; therefore, several
conversations will probably take place simultaneously. In groups of more than ten or twelve people, it
becomes virtually impossible for all members to participate in a single conversation unless one person
serves as moderator and guides the discussion.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication, leadership
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:43 AM
119. Describe the three major styles of group leadership with examples and explain the contexts in which they are most
appropriate.
ANSWER: Three major styles of leadership exist in groups: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire.
Authoritarian leaders make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members. These leaders
focus on the instrumental tasks of the group and demand compliance from others. In times of crisis,
such as a war or natural disaster, authoritarian leaders may be commended for their decisive actions.
In other situations, however, they may be criticized for being dictatorial and for fostering intergroup
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 49hostility. A manager who makes major group decisions on his or her own and expects his subordinates
to follow his or her orders without question is an authoritarian leader. Democratic leaders encourage
group discussion and decision making through consensus building. These leaders may be praised for
their expressive, supportive behavior toward group members, but they may also be blamed for being
indecisive in times of crisis. A manager who encourages discussion among his or her subordinates and
gets their consensus before making any decision is an example of a democratic leader. Laissez-faire
leaders are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their
own decisions. A manager who does not provide much support to his or her subordinates and mostly
leaves them to make their own decisions is an example of a laissez-faire leader. On the one hand,
laissez-faire leaders may be viewed positively by group members because they do not flaunt their
power or position. On the other hand, a group that needs active leadership is not likely to find it with
this type of leadership, which does not work vigorously to promote group goals.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication, leadership
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:44 AM
120. Explain the concept of groupthink and why it can be dangerous for organizations using the explosion of the BP
Deepwater Horizon oil rig as an example.
ANSWER: The term groupthink refers to the pressure on members of a cohesive group to conform to the group
decision and refrain from contributing conflicting opinions. Janis examined group decision making
among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history can be attributed to pressure
toward group conformity. Group members often limit or withhold their opinions and focus on
consensus rather than on exploring all of the options and determining the best course of action,
sometimes with tragic results. The tragic explosion of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig, owned by
British Petroleum and located in the Gulf of Mexico, is an example of this process. Errors in decision
making contributed to one of the worst oil spills and marine and wildlife disasters in U.S. history.
Eleven people were killed and seventeen were injured in the rig explosion, and it is impossible to
estimate the full extent of the damage done to the Gulf Coast and the fishing and tourism industries
because of this massive accident. This disaster is an example of groupthink because officials for BP,
Transocean, and Halliburton, the major transnational corporations responsible for this error in
decision making, closed off their discussions about safety and hid bad news from one another and
public officials; because they began to think alike in their assumption about safety, namely that a
blow-out preventer would keep such a massive disaster from occurring; and because their companies
were already behind schedule, had put millions of dollars into production, and did not want to stop to
check out reports that a rubber safety seal was broken.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 50STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:45 AM
121. Define normative, coercive, and utilitarian organizations and give an example of each.
ANSWER: Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories—normative, coercive, and utilitarian—
based on the nature of membership in each. We voluntarily join normative organizations when we
want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member.
Political parties, ecological activist groups, religious organizations, parent–teacher associations, and
college sororities and fraternities are examples of normative organizations. Class, gender, and race are
important determinants of a person’s participation in a normative organization. People do not
voluntarily become members of coercive organizations—associations that people are forced to join.
Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of coercive
organizations. The assumed goal of total institutions is to resocialize people through incarceration. We
voluntarily join utilitarian organizations when they can provide us with a material reward we seek. To
make a living or earn a college degree, we must participate in organizations that can provide us with
these opportunities. Although we have some choice regarding where we work or attend school,
utilitarian organizations are not always completely voluntary. For example, most people must
continue to work even if the conditions of their employment are less than ideal.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-5
membership.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:46 AM
–
Identify the three categories of formal organizations and state how they differ in
122. Describe the five ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations set forth by Weber and explain how they
may lead to problems within bureaucracies with the help of real-world examples.
ANSWER: Weber described five ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations. However, he
acknowledged that not all organizations would fit his ideal type. The characteristics identified by him
are as follows:
ï‚· Division of labor: Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by specialization, and each
member has highly specialized tasks to fulfill.
ï‚· Hierarchy of authority: In a bureaucracy, each lower office is under the control and
supervision of a higher one. Those few individuals at the top of the hierarchy have more
power and exercise more control than do the many at the lower levels. Those who are lower
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 51in the hierarchy report to (and often take orders from) those above them in the organizational
pyramid.
ï‚· Impersonality: Bureaucracies require that everyone must play by the same rules and be treated
the same. Personal feelings should not interfere with organizational decisions.
ï‚· Rules and regulations: Rules and regulations establish authority within an organization. These
rules are typically standardized and provided to members in a written format.
ï‚· Qualification-based employment: Bureaucracies require competence and hire staff members
and professional employees based on specific qualifications. Individual performance is
evaluated against specific standards, and promotions are based on merit as spelled out in
personnel policies.
The effects of these characteristics include inefficiency and rigidity, resistance to change, and
perpetuation of race, class, and gender inequalities. Bureaucracies experience inefficiency and rigidity
at both the upper and lower levels of the organization. The self-protective behavior of officials at the
top may render the organization inefficient. One type of self-protective behavior is the
monopolization of information in order to maintain control over subordinates and outsiders.
Inefficiency and rigidity occur at the lower levels of the organization when workers engage in
ritualism; that is, they become most concerned with “going through the motions” and “following the
rules.” Resistance to change is another problem of bureaucracies that may lead to incompetence.
Based on organizational policy, bureaucracies tend to promote people from within the organization.
As a consequence, a person who performs satisfactorily in one position is promoted to a higher level
in the organization. Eventually, people reach a level that is beyond their knowledge, experience, and
capabilities. Some bureaucracies perpetuate inequalities of race, class, and gender because this form
of organizational structure creates a specific type of work or learning environment. For people of
color, entry into a dominant white bureaucratic organization does not equal actual integration. Instead,
many have experienced an internal conflict between the bureaucratic ideals of equal opportunity and
fairness and the prevailing norms of discrimination and hostility that exist in some organizations.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary nations
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:47 AM
123. Explain the concept of trained incapacity and its relevance for bureaucracy.
ANSWER: Veblen used the term trained incapacity to characterize situations in which workers have become so
highly specialized or have been given such fragmented jobs that they are unable to come up with
creative solutions to problems. Within bureaucracies, division of labor and the tendency toward
expansion can lead to problems that can result in inefficiency. One of these problems is trained
incapacity.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 52QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
such as the United States.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:48 AM
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary nations
124. Describe the iron law of oligarchy and explain why bureaucratic hierarchies and oligarchies go hand in hand.
ANSWER: According to political sociologist Michels, all organizations encounter the iron law of oligarchy—the
tendency to become a bureaucracy ruled by the few. His central idea was that those who control
bureaucracies not only wield power but also have an interest in retaining their power. Power may be
concentrated in the hands of a few people because rank-and-file members must inevitably delegate a
certain amount of decision-making authority to their leaders. Leaders then have access to information
that other members do not have. They also have “clout,” which they may use to protect their own
interests, sometimes at the expense of the interests of others. Oligarchy may also result when
individuals have certain outstanding qualities that make it possible for them to manage, if not control,
others. The members choose to look to their leaders for direction; the leaders are strongly motivated to
maintain their power and privileges.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-7
U.S. government.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:49 AM
–
Define the iron law of oligarchy and apply the concept to a brief analysis of the
Essay
125. Describe sociologist William Graham Sumner’s concepts of ingroups and outgroups. Explain the positive and
negative consequences of both ingroups and outgroups for members.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Social Groups
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 53STUDENT ENTRY MO
Basic
DE:
LEARNING OBJECTIV
SIOT.KEND.18.5-2
ES:
example of each.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
–
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:50 AM
Distinguish among ingroups, outgroups, and reference groups, and give an
126. Define conformity and provide an example. Describe the research of Solomon Asch and explain its contributions to
our understanding of group conformity.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJECT
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
IVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:50 AM
127. Describe the research of Stanley Milgram and explain its contributions to our understanding of obedience to
authority. What were some possible ethical problems with Milgram’s research?
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJECT
SIOT.KEND.18.5-3
–
Discuss how a group’s size shapes group members’ communication,
IVES:
leadership styles, and pressures to conform.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:51 AM
128. Describe the informal side of a bureaucracy and discuss its positive and negative aspects with the help of examples.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 54REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
STUDENT ENTRY M
ODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:51 AM
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
129. Discuss social psychologist Irving Janis’s concept of groupthink, including how it emerges, and give examples that
illustrate its potentially negative consequences.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: Group Characteristics and Dynamics
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY
MODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJE
CTIVES:
SIOT.KEND.18.5-4
–
Apply the concept of groupthink to describe how people often respond
differently in a group context than they might if they were alone.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Pickup
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:52 AM
130. Summarize Weber’s concept of rationality within organizations and explain the extent to which Weber’s theory of
rationality and his ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations apply to contemporary organizations with the
help of a real-world example.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
STUDENT ENTRY M
ODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:53 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 55131. Describe the major shortcomings of bureaucracies with the help of examples. Emphasize the concepts of goal
displacement, ritualism, and gender/racial inequality in your answer.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
Formal Organizations in Global Perspective
STUDENT ENTRY M
ODE:
Basic
LEARNING OBJECTI
SIOT.KEND.18.5-6
–
VES:
nations such as the United States.
Debate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucracies in contemporary
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
OTHER: Modified
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:53 AM
132. In the context of humanizing bureaucracies, explain how the Japanese model of organization differs from the U.S.
model in terms of job security, management orientation, organizational culture, flow of information, and employee
development.
ANSWER: Will vary
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: Alternative Forms of Organization
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
HAS VARIABLES: False
STUDENT ENTRY MOD
Basic
E:
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
SIOT.KEND.18.5-8
S:
as Japan.
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze
OTHER: Modified
–
Identify alternative forms of organization that exist today in nations such
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2016 10:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/2/2019 6:54 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 56
Add a review
Be the first to review “Sociology in Our Times The Essentials 11th Edition by Diana Kendall – Test Bank”
Related products
-
Nursing Health Assessment A Best Practice Approach 3rd Edition Jensen – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Health Assessment In Nursing 6th By Janet R. Weber – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Essentials of Psychiatric Nursing 2nd Edition by Boyd Luebbert – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00. -
Pediatric Primary Care: Practice Guidelines for Nurses – Test Bank
Original price was: $35.00.$25.00Current price is: $25.00.
There are no reviews yet.