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Sample Questions Posted Below

Test Bank

to accompany

Life: The Science of Biology, Tenth Edition

Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum

Chapter 5: Cells: The Working Units of Life

TEST FILE QUESTIONS

(By Amy Burnside)

Multiple Choice

1. Most plant and animal cells are

a. smaller than a chloroplast.

b. smaller than most bacteria.

c. large enough to be seen with a light microscope.

d. larger than most fungal cells.

e. large enough to be seen with the unaided eye.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

2. The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell

a. increases with increasing volume of the cell.

b. decreases with decreasing surface area of the cell.

c. accounts for the size limit of cells.

d. is of little significance in maintaining cell homeostasis.

e. affects how molecules are distributed across the cell.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

3. How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm sphere compare to the surface

area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm sphere?

a. The 1-mm sphere has a ratio three times larger than that of the 3-mm sphere.

b. The comparison would depend on the components of the two spheres.

c. The 1-mm sphere has a higher ratio than the 3-mm sphere.

d. The 1-mm sphere has a ratio that is one-third of the 3-mm sphere’s ratio.

e. The ratios are the same.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

4. Which of the following spherical cells would carry out the most chemical activity in

one minute (all else being equal)?

b. A 2-m cell

c. A 3-m cell

d. A 4-m cell

e. All cells would have the same amount of chemical activity.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

5. Which of the following spherical cells would exchange the greatest amount of

substances and waste products with its environment relative to its internal chemical

activity?

a. A 1-m cell

b. A 2-m cell

c. A 3-m cell

d. A 4-m cell

e. All cells exchange substances and waste products with the environment at the same

rate with respect to their ability to carry out chemical activity, irrespective of size.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

6. Which of the following molecules will cross a plasma membrane most easily?

a. Hemoglobin

b. Glucose

c. DNA

d. Water

e. Testosterone

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

7. A general function of all cellular membranes is to

a. regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell.

b. support the cell and determine its shape.

c. produce energy for the cell.

d. produce proteins for the cell.

e. move the cell.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

8. The technique of _______ microscopy can be used to visualize the embedded

components of a plasma membrane.

a. light

b. scanning-electron

d. phase-contrast

e. confocal

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

9. Researchers can use _______ to distinguish the structure of a ribosome from that of a

Golgi body.

a. direct examination with the naked eye

b. a hand-held magnifying glass

c. a bright-field microscope

d. a phase-contrast microscope

e. an electron microscope

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

10. The role of cellular organelles is to

a. provide structural support for the cell.

b. decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

c. increase the efficiency of cellular activities.

d. provide a means of cellular reproduction.

e. regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

11. What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

a. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes.

b. A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA in a chromosome.

c. A prokaryotic cell is larger than a eukaryotic cell.

d. Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary

“successes.”

e. A prokaryotic cell cannot obtain energy from its environment the same way a

eukaryotic cell does.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?; 5.2

What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

12. The cytosol and _______ are two components of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.

a. ribosomes

b. the Golgi apparatus

c. chloroplasts

d. mitochondria

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

13. The _______ of a prokaryote is/are its most primitive feature.

a. cell wall

b. internal membranes

c. flagella

d. nucleoid

e. cytoskeleton

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

14. Which of the following represents the correct order of the outer layers found on some

prokaryotes, from the interior to the exterior?

a. Plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid

membrane, capsule

b. Plasma membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell

wall, capsule

c. Capsule, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma

membrane

d. Capsule, plasma membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid

membrane

e. Peptidoglycan cell wall, plasma membrane, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid

membrane, capsule

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

15. An unknown organism is discovered and found to lack a membrane-bound nucleus in

its cell. This unknown organism is most likely

a. extraterrestrial.

b. a protest.

c. a plant.

d. a fungus.

e. a bacterium.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

16. The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

a. plasma membrane.

b. nucleus.

c. ribosome.

e. mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

17. The cytosol of a prokaryotic cell

a. is a static region of the cell.

b. organizes the DNA.

c. is composed largely of water.

d. supports the cell and determines its shape.

e. chemically modifies proteins and other molecules.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

18. If a bacterial cell were fed radioactive sulfur such that all of its proteins were labeled,

all of the following specialized structures would contain the labeled protein except for the

a. pili.

b. capsule.

c. flagella.

d. fimbriae.

e. cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

19. Ribosomes are made up of

a. DNA and RNA.

b. DNA and proteins.

c. RNA and proteins.

d. proteins only.

e. DNA only.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

20. A specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes is the

a. capsule.

b. ribosome.

c. cytosol.

d. mitochondrion.

e. chloroplast.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

membrane system that is able to

a. carry out photosynthesis.

b. engulf and phagocytize bacteria.

c. synthesize proteins.

d. propel the cell.

e. hydrolyze carbohydrates to ATP.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

22. Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure

called the

a. flagellum.

b. pilus.

c. cytoplasm.

d. cell wall.

e. peptidoglycan molecule.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

23. Which of the following statements about a cell wall is false?

a. It is a specialized structure found in most prokaryotes.

b. It is a semi-rigid structure that provides support in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

c. It is a barrier to infection in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

d. It is made of peptidoglycan in bacteria.

e. It is composed of cellulose in plants.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

24. If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would

a. no longer be able to swim.

b. lose some of its ability to adhere to other cells.

c. no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

d. dry out.

e. change its shape.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

25. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells because

a. prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.

b. prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth.

d. prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed to support larger cells.

e. prokaryotic cells do not have compartments, a feature of eukaryotic cells that takes up

more space in the cell.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

26. An unidentified membrane-bound body containing no membrane-bound organelles is

placed in cell culture, but it does not grow or divide there. However, when it is placed

inside a cell that has had its own genetic information removed, both the body and the cell

begin to divide. This unknown object is most likely a

a. prokaryote.

b. nucleus.

c. peroxisome.

d. mitochondrion.

e. chloroplast.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

27. Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?

a. It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.

b. It is composed of two membranes.

c. It contains ribosomes on the inner surface.

d. Both a and b

e. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

28. A large organelle found in a eukaryotic cell that genetically controls the cell’s

activities is the

a. chloroplast.

b. nucleus.

c. flagellum.

d. vacuole.

e. centriole.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

29. Of the following structures of an animal cell, the one with the largest volume is the

a. cilium.

b. mitochondrion.

c. lysosome.

e. ribosome.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

30. If the organelles of an animal cell were separated by centrifugation, which organelle

would require the least amount of centrifugal force to sediment at the bottom of the

centrifuge tube?

a. Mitochondria

b. Nuclei

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Lysosome

e. Chloroplasts

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

31. In a mixture of cellular structures, which structure would require the greatest amount

of centrifugal force in order for it to sediment at the bottom of a centrifuge tube?

a. Mitochondria

b. Nuclei

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Chloroplast

e. Ribosome

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

32. A ribosome is a specialized structure but is not considered an organelle because it

a. does not contain its own genetic material.

b. does not produce its own energy.

c. lacks a lipid bilayer.

d. is present in prokaryotes.

e. is not made up of proteins.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

33. What is the difference between “free” and “attached” ribosomes?

a. Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the

endoplasmic reticulum.

b. Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes

produce proteins that are inserted into the ER for processing and transport.

c. Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached

ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.

e. Both a and c

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

34. Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed of

a. microtubules.

b. DNA and protein.

c. fibrous proteins.

d. cytoskeleton.

e. membranes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

35. The function of the nuclear pores is to

a. synthesize and repair DNA.

b. assemble ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

c. communicate with components of the endomembrane system.

d. regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.

e. support the nuclear envelope.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

36. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Lysosomes

e. Plastids

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

37. In what way do the membranes surrounding the organelles in a eukaryote differ from

the plasma membrane surrounding the cell?

a. They are not selectively permeable and are easily crossed by multiple molecules.

b. They are composed of collagen instead of phospholipids.

c. They lack protein constituents.

d. Both a and c

e. None of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

a. lacks ribosomes.

b. is the oldest and was once the smooth ER.

c. has ribosomes attached to it.

d. is connected to the Golgi apparatus.

e. is the site of steroid synthesis.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

39. Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by

a. the Golgi apparatus.

b. ribosomes within the mitochondrion.

c. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

d. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

e. ribosomes within chloroplasts.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

40. Proteins packaged by the Golgi apparatus are delivered to the correct location by

means of

a. identifying carbohydrate groups covalently bound to the packaged proteins.

b. the general flow of vesicles within the cell.

c. the control provided by the nucleus.

d. motor proteins that direct the Golgi apparatus.

e. microfilaments.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

41. Proteins produced by ribosomes pass through several cellular structures before

reaching their targeted destination. Which of the following represents the structures, in

the correct order, that will be encountered by a newly synthesized protein targeted for

outside the cell?

a. RER  SER  cis Golgi  vesicle  trans Golgi  lysosome  plasma membrane

b. SER  cis Golgi  vesicle  trans Golgi  vesicle  plasma membrane

c. Nuclear membrane  RER  vesicle  trans Golgi  cis Golgi  phagosome 

plasma membrane

d. SER  RER  trans Golgi  cis Golgi  vesicle  plasma membrane

e. RER  vesicle  cis Golgi  trans Golgi  vesicle  plasma membrane

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

a. chloroplasts.

b. lysosomes.

c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

d. the Golgi apparatus.

e. mitochondria.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

43. An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like pancakes

is the

a. mitochondrion.

b. peroxisome.

c. Golgi apparatus.

d. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

e. flagellum.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

44. Cells that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as _______ cells, are packed

with rough endoplasmic reticulum.

a. liver

b. glandular

c. red blood

d. skin

e. brain

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

45. Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with protein modification

typically have large numbers or amounts of

a. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

b. mitochondria.

c. ribosomes.

d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

e. lysosomes.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

46. A particle of food encounters a series of cellular structures upon digestion by a cell.

In what order does this encounter occur, starting from the exterior of the cell?

b. Phagosome  secondary lysosome  primary lysosome  plasma membrane

c. Secondary lysosome  primary lysosome  phagosome  plasma membrane

d. Plasma membrane  primary lysosome  secondary lysosome  phagosome

e. Phagosome  plasma membrane  primary lysosome  secondary lysosome

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

47. Which of the following structures is not involved in the breakdown of food particles

by the cell?

a. Phagosome

b. Primary lysosome

c. Secondary lysosome

d. Golgi apparatus

e. Mitochondria

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

48. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes must transform energy from the environment into energy

that can be used. Which of the following is not one of the processes by which energy is

transformed by these organisms?

a. Cellular respiration (in mitochondria of eukaryotes)

b. Photosynthesis (in chloroplasts of eukaryotes)

c. Photosynthesis (on membrane infoldings of some prokaryotes)

d. Enzymatic processes (on the inner surface of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes)

e. All of the above processes are used to transform energy.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

49. In the mitochondria, energy storage molecules are converted to ATP by a process

known as

a. cellular respiration.

b. metabolism.

c. diffusion.

d. metabolic processing.

e. catabolism.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

50. The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

a. increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.

b. create membrane-enclosed compartments within the mitochondrion.

d. anchor the mitochondrial DNA.

e. have no known purpose.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

51. The DNA of mitochondria

a. is needed to hydrolyze monomers.

b. is used to make proteins needed for cellular respiration.

c. directs photosynthesis.

d. controls the cell’s activities.

e. synthesizes polysaccharides for the plant cell wall.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

52. Which of the following are components of chloroplasts?

a. Grana and thylakoids

b. Chromatin and nucleoplasm

c. Cristae and matrix

d. A trans region and a cis region

e. Lysosomes and phagosomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

53. Chloroplasts are the structures in which

a. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.

b. cell division is controlled.

c. genetic information is used to make proteins.

d. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy.

e. new organelles are made.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

54. The carotenoid pigments that give ripe tomatoes their red color are contained in

organelles called

a. chloroplasts.

b. proplastids.

c. protoplasts.

d. leucoplasts.

e. chromoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

55. Starch molecules are stored inside

a. chromoplasts.

b. peroxisomes.

c. chloroplasts.

d. glyoxysomes.

e. leucoplasts.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

56. In a mixture of ground-up plant cells, one structure containing a membrane stains

positive for hydrogen peroxide. This structure is a

a. peroxisome.

b. vacuole.

c. chloroplast.

d. glyoxysome.

e. amyloplast.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

57. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?

a. Cilium

b. Nucleus

c. Mitochondrion

d. Glyoxysome

e. Peroxisome

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

58. In which of the following locations would you not expect to find RNA?

a. Nucleolus

b. Mitochondrion

c. Vacuole

d. Ribosome

e. Prokaryotic cell

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

59. Which of the following plant cell structures is most likely to have the greatest

volume?

a. Glyoxysome

c. Nucleus

d. Mitochondrion

e. Vacuole

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

60. The overall shape of a cell is determined by its

a. cell membrane.

b. cytoskeleton.

c. nucleus.

d. cytosol.

e. endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

61. If the vacuole in a plant cell experiences a large loss of water,

a. the cell will divide to make smaller cells.

b. the cell will decrease in size proportionally to the amount of water lost.

c. its waste products will be released into the cytoplasm and kill the cell.

d. there will be no effect on the cell due to the rigidity of the cell wall.

e. the cell will experience a decrease in turgor pressure.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

62. The cytoskeleton is composed of three major components, each with distinct

functions. Which of the following represents the correct order of these components, from

smallest to largest size?

a. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

b. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

c. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

d. Intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments

e. Intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

63. The microvilli of intestinal cells

a. increase the ability of the intestine to move nutrients through the intestinal tract.

b. slow down the movement of nutrients through the intestinal tract.

c. increase the surface area of the cells to allow increased uptake of nutrients.

d. decrease the surface area of the cells relative to their volume to prevent loss of

nutrients.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

64. Time-lapse photography of a cell shows that its normally stationary nucleus appears

to be floating around within the cell. What is one possible explanation for this

occurrence?

a. The cell has an abundance of motor proteins that increase the movement of the

nucleus.

b. The intermediate filaments composing the nuclear lamina are nonfunctional or absent.

c. The activity of the microfilaments has increased cytoplasmic streaming and is moving

the nucleus around the cell.

d. Microtubules are polymerizing and depolymerizing at a faster rate than usual.

e. The nucleus has formed cilia and is using them to move around the inside of the cell.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

65. Which of the following statements about microfilaments and microtubules is false?

a. Both are made up of the same protein monomers.

b. Both are involved in movement of cells.

c. Both have a plus end and a minus end.

d. Both are components of the cytoskeleton.

e. Both help maintain and support cellular structures.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

66. If the cells that line the intestine lost their microvilli structure, what could be a

possible result?

a. Decreased movement of nutrients through the intestinal tract

b. Loss of nutrients from the cell into the intestinal tract due to a decrease in surface area-

to-volume ratio

c. No effect, since cells would continue their normal cellular activity

d. Decreased absorption of nutrients into the cell due to a decrease in surface area-to-

volume ratio

e. Increased transport of nutrients into the blood stream

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

67. Which of the following protein types is not part of the structure of a cilium?

a. -tubulin

b. Keratin

c. Nexin

e. -tubulin

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

68. A cell structure with an internal cross section showing a characteristic “9 + 2”

morphology is the

a. mitochondrion.

b. vacuole.

c. Golgi apparatus.

d. flagellum.

e. cytoskeleton.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

69. Researchers observe that while the actin microfilaments in an amoeba seem to be

intact, the organism appears incapable of forming pseudopods for movement. They

conclude that its immobility may be caused by the absence of the protein

a. dynein.

b. kinesin.

c. tubulin.

d. collagen.

e. myosin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

70. If an amoeba treated with an experimental drug loses its shape and ability to move,

the drug has likely affected the cell’s

a. motor protein activity.

b. energy production.

c. microfilament assembly.

d. ability to photosynthesize.

e. communication with the environment.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

71. After labeling the plus and minus ends of microtubules in a mutant cell, researchers

observe that the cell is moving vesicles only toward the plus ends. The most likely

explanation is that the mutation has caused a defect in

a. microtubule formation.

b. the kinesin motor protein.

c. the microfilaments involved in cytoplasmic streaming.

e. the myosin motor protein.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

72. The semirigid structure that supports the plant cell and determines its shape is the

a. capsule.

b. flagellum.

c. cell wall.

d. cytosol.

e. cytoplasm.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

73. A small dye molecule injected into a plant cell can pass into adjacent plant cells

because of the presence of

a. plasmodesmata.

b. a cell wall.

c. the endoplasmic reticulum.

d. nuclear pores.

e. vacuoles.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

74. Transport of cytoplasmic materials in plants is facilitated by

a. motor proteins such as kinesin.

b. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.

c. the semirigid cell wall.

d. constantly-beating cilia.

e. an internal cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

75. A type of cell that always lacks a cell wall is a(n) _______ cell.

a. bacterial

b. plant

c. animal

d. fungal

e. prokaryotic

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

a. is composed of cellulose.

b. contains lysosomes.

c. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid.

d. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development.

e. acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

77. Which of the following is not an argument for the endosymbiotic theory?

a. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic cells.

b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be grown in culture, free of a host cell.

c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA and ribosomes.

d. Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize proteins similar to those synthesized by bacterial

ribosomes.

e. All of the above are arguments for the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

78. Which of the following organelles were once independent prokaryote organisms?

a. Mitochondria and lysosomes

b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts

c. Chloroplasts and peroxisomes

d. Golgi apparatus and nucleus

e. Nucleus and lysosomes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

Fill in the Blank

1. The fundamental unit of life is the _______.

Answer: cell

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

2. The three principle tenets of biology—that all organisms are composed of cells, that all

cells come from preexisting cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life—make

up the unifying principle known as the _______.

Answer: cell theory

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

Answer: increase

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

4. The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known

as _______.

Answer: homeostasis

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

5. The light microscope has glass lenses that focus visible light for imaging, whereas the

electron microscope has _______ that focus electrons for imaging.

Answer: electromagnets

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

6. Archaea and Bacteria do not typically have membrane-enclosed internal

compartments; therefore, they are known as _______.

Answer: prokaryotes

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

7. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell can be found in the _______ region.

Answer: nucleoid

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

8. Some bacteria are not detected by the human immune system because they possess an

outer layer of slime known as a(n) _______.

Answer: capsule

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

9. Membrane-bound compartments with distinctive shapes and functions are termed

_______.

Answer: organelles

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

10. RNA is able to carry information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus

to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm by passing through small perforations in the nuclear

membrane called _______.

Answer: nuclear pores

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

Answer: nuclear lamina

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

12. Lipids and steroids are synthesized in the _______.

Answer: smooth ER

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

13. The _______ is an organelle that serves as a sort of “post office,” where some of the

proteins synthesized on ribosomes and the rough ER are processed and sent to their

destinations.

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

14. The side of the Golgi apparatus facing the ER is the _______ region.

Answer: cis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

15. The substances that enter the Golgi apparatus come from the _______ in vesicles.

Answer: ER (or endoplasmic reticulum)

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

16. The organelle with many folds, called cristae, is the _______.

Answer: mitochondrion

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

17. The process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy is called

_______.

Answer: photosynthesis

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

18. Toxic peroxides that are formed unavoidably as side products of important cellular

reactions are collected and neutralized in _______.

Answer: peroxisomes

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

ultimately divides an animal cell into two daughter cells, and in the formation of

pseudopodia.

Answer: Microfilaments

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

20. Tough ropelike filaments that stabilize cell structure and resist tension are called

_______ filaments.

Answer: intermediate

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

21. The main difference that helps to classify portions of the endomembrane system as

RER or SER is the presence or absence of _______ on the surface.

Answer: ribosomes

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

22. The extracellular matrix surrounding many animal cells is made up of various

proteins, including glycoproteins and _______.

Answer: collagen

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

23. The _______ theory proposes that some organelles originated when one cell ingested

another cell, creating a mutually beneficial relationship.

Answer: endosymbiosis

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

Diagram

1. 2. Refer to the figure below.‒

What is the name of this structure?

Answer: Nucleus

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

2. Visible in this figure is a structure resembling tubes and flattened sacs that surrounds

the organelle, appears to share a membrane with it, and synthesizes proteins. It is the

a. mitochondrion.

b. endoplasmic reticulum.

c. nucleus.

d. vacuole.

e. cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

3. 4. Refer to the figure below.‒

3. The organelle shown in the figure is found in all cells but is most numerous in cells

requiring a large amount of energy (e.g., liver cells). What is the name of this organelle?

Answer: Mitochondrion

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

4. Ribosomes can be found in which section of the organelle shown in the figure?

a. Inner membrane

b. Outer membrane

c. Cristae

d. Matrix

e. Both a and c

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

5. What is the structure depicted in the figure?

Answer: Chloroplast

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

6. It is said that the structure shown in the figure has the ability to “feed the world.” The

reason is that it

a. can convert light energy into chemical energy from which glucose is made, providing

energy to its host organism and any organisms that consume it.

b. helps all organisms, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, convert food particles into

energy for cellular function.

c. can travel from cell to cell and break down food particles into simple molecules, thus

feeding the entire organism.

d. is capable through cellular respiration of making ATP, an energy rich-molecule needed

by all organisms.

e. helps cells engulf and digest food particles from which energy can be made and

supplied to the host organism and any organisms that consume it.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

7. 8. Refer to the diagram of a plant cell below.‒

diagram?

Answer: Vacuole

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

8. The presence of the large structure occupying most of the cell would cause the cell to

be classified as a(n) _______ cell.

a. bacterial

b. plant

c. animal

d. archaea

e. human

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

9. 10. Refer to the figure below.‒

Answer: cilium or flagellum

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

10. The arrangement of the circles in the figure is termed a “9 + 2” array because there

are

a. nine pairs of pores surrounding two inner pores.

b. nine pairs of fused microtubules surrounding two central unfused microtubules.

c. nine sets of tubules made of -tubulin plus two tubules composed of -tubulin.

d. nine pairs of microfilaments surrounding two intermediate filaments.

e. nine pairs of intermediate filaments surrounding two microtubules.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

DIAGNOSTIC QUIZ QUESTIONS (from BioPortal)

(By Amy Burnside)

1. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane of eukaryotes?

a. Receiving signals from other cells

b. Creating energy

c. Adhering to other cells

d. Homeostasis

e. Selective uptake

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

a. have a cell wall similar in composition to that of plant cells.

b. have a nucleus.

c. do not have ribosomes.

d. are surrounded by a plasma membrane.

e. are typically larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

3. Plant cells do not have lysosomes. Which of the following structures likely fulfills the

function of lysosomes in a plant cell?

a. Vacuole

b. Peroxisome

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Golgi apparatus

e. Chloroplast

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

4. Which of the following about the nucleus in animal cells is false?

a. It occupies the largest volume of the cell.

b. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus.

c. It is the site of protein synthesis.

d. DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins.

e. The nucleolus is located in the nucleus.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

5. Which of the following organelles is involved in energy gathering?

a. Lysosomes

b. Vacuoles

c. Chloroplasts

d. Peroxisomes

e. Nuclei

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

6. Nucleic acids are found in

a. the nucleus.

b. mitochondria.

c. ribosomes.

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

7. The endomembrane system

a. is present in prokaryotes.

b. includes the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus.

c. includes the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.

d. functions to make ATP.

e. does not exist in plant cells.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

8. Which of the following processes is not carried out by the smooth endoplasmic

reticulum?

a. Protein synthesis

b. Modification of proteins

c. Chemical modification of foreign molecules, including drugs

d. Lipid biosynthesis

e. Steroid biosynthesis

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

9. Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These

proteins are synthesized by _______ and the sugars are added in the _______.

a. mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b. the rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus

c. cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. the Golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. cytoplasmic ribosomes; plasma membrane

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

10. Lysosomes

a. are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

b. are derived from the nucleus.

c. contain enzymes that synthesize proteins.

d. have a lower internal pH than the cytoplasm.

e. are derived from the plasma membrane.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

11. Plastids are

a. present in all eukaryotes.

b. always green.

c. only present in photosynthetic prokaryotes.

d. present in nearly all plant cells.

e. very similar to mitochondria.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

12. The cytoskeleton

a. includes flagella.

b. is fully present in prokaryotes.

c. moves organelles within cells.

d. is composed of polymers of nucleotides.

e. surrounds cells much like cell walls.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

13. The vacuole occupies the largest volume in a mature plant cell so as to

a. make space for a lot of chlorophyll and thus light-gathering potential.

b. retain water and thus create turgor pressure.

c. maintain a large space for protein synthesis.

d. allow a large amount of ATP production.

e. allow digestion of a large amount of external material.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

14. Which of the following statements best describes what happens to the organelles

within pepper fruit cells as the fruit turns from green to red?

a. Leucoplasts become chloroplasts

b. Chloroplasts become leucoplasts

c. Chromoplasts become chloroplasts

d. Leucoplasts become chromoplasts

e. Chloroplasts become chromoplasts

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

15. Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within

a cell?

a. Golgi apparatus

c. Mitochondrion

d. Microtubules

e. Intermediate filaments

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

16. Cilia and eukaryotic flagella

a. propel cells by rotation of the structures.

b. contain microfilaments.

c. contain microtubules that are sufficient to drive movement.

d. have a motor protein that uses chemical energy to power movement.

e. contain centrioles.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

17. Which of the following protein families contains members that power the movement

of both cilia and vesicles within a cell?

a. Myosin

b. Actin

c. Keratin

d. Dynein

e. Kinesin

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

18. The extracellular matrix of animal cells

a. holds cells together.

b. contains collagen.

c. contains proteoglycans.

d. is involved in chemical signaling between cells.

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

19. Which of the following provides evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?

a. Mitochondria and plastids contain their own unique sets of genes.

b. Observation of endosymbiotic events in the eukaryote Hatena.

c. Transfer of genes from endosymbionts to the host’s nucleus.

d. Similarity of ribosomes found in mitochondria and plastids to those of bacteria.

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

20. Which of the following organelles is thought to have arisen from an endosymbiotic

relationship with a prokaryote?

a. Mitochondria

b. Nuclei

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Lysosomes

e. Peroxisomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

LEARNINGCURVE QUESTIONS (from BioPortal)

(By Amy Burnside)

1. An organism made up of many small cells as opposed to one large cell has all of the

following advantages except

a. increased uptake of necessary nutrients from the environment.

b. compartmentalization of functions within the organism.

c. increased exchange of waste products to the environment.

d. decreased diffusion between nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.

e. more efficient transport of materials.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

2. Which of the following would best allow an organism to increase its ability to

exchange products with the environment relative to its amount of chemical activity?

a. Increase its size.

b. Engulf another cell.

c. Divide into as many small cells as possible.

d. Adhere itself to another cell.

e. Move around quickly in its environment.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

3. Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an

electron microscope because

a. electron beams have more energy than light beams.

b. electron microscopes focus light with magnets.

d. electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.

e. electron microscopes can be used to observe living cells.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

4. Which of these functions is not carried out by the plasma membrane?

a. Compartmentalization

b. Adhesion

c. Communication

d. Active transport

e. Protein production

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

5. The plasma membrane

a. separates the cell from its environment.

b. regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell.

c. helps maintain a constant internal environment.

d. communicates with adjacent cells.

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

6. What type of molecule will cross a plasma membrane most easily?

a. A protein with multiple charged regions

b. A nonpolar small molecule

c. A nonpolar large molecule

d. A polar small molecule

e. A nucleic acid

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

7. In order to visualize subcellular structures, such as mitochondria, what type of

microscopy should be used?

a. Phase-contrast microscopy

b. Bright-field microscopy

c. Differential interference contrast microscopy

e. None; the eye can see these structures unaided.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

8. In order to see an entire bacterial cell after viewing an entire plant cell on a light

microscope, you would need to

a. increase the magnification.

b. decrease the magnification.

c. change the light source.

d. This cannot be done, because an electron microscope is needed to view the bacteria.

e. This cannot be done, because an electron microscope is needed to view a plant cell.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

9. All of the following are benefits of electron microscopy except

a. the ability to image live cells.

b. ultrafine resolution.

c. the ability to visualize 3-D topography with scanning electron microscopy.

d. the ability to resolve internal compartments of organelles.

e. None; all of the above are benefits.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

10. You are designing a drug that you want to be taken up by cells by permeating the

plasma membrane. What is the most important property the substance should have for

entry into the plasma membrane?

a. Polar, large molecule

b. Multisubunit protein

c. DNA based

d. Nonpolar small molecule

e. Hydrophilic protein

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

11. Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolution?

a. Phase-contrast microscopy

b. Freeze fracture electron microscopy

d. Transmission electron microscopy

e. Confocal microscopy

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

12. Of the following microscope parts, which is shared by the electron microscope and

the light microscope?

a. Light beam

b. Magnets

c. Objective lens

d. Electron beam

e. Fluorescent screen

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

13. In order to increase the ability of a cell to bind to other cells, what kind of alterations

should you make to the plasma membrane?

a. Create holes in the membrane so the sticky cytoplasm can leak out and adhere to other

cells.

b. Change the protein content of the plasma membrane to allow increased intracellular

adhesion.

c. Change the lipid content of the plasma membrane to decrease its polarity, making it

more attractive to other cells.

d. Coat the outer layer of the plasma membrane with a nonpolar substance that increases

adhesiveness.

e. Coat the cell with slimy polysaccharides to attract other cells.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

14. A prokaryotic cell does not typically have a _______ or _______.

a. nucleus; membrane-bound organelles

b. nucleus; DNA

c. nucleus; ribosomes

d. nucleus; membranes

e. cell wall; membranes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

a. An E. coli bacterium

b. A mushroom spore

c. A chicken egg

d. A fern cell

e. Human sperm

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

16. In order to classify an organism as eukaryotic, it cannot contain

a. ribosomes.

b. chloroplasts.

c. mitochondria.

d. plasmodesmata.

e. a nucleoid.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

a. A plasma membrane

b. A nuclear envelope

c. A nucleoid

d. Ribosomes

e. Enzymes

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

18. Which of the following is(are) found in prokaryotic cells?

a. Mitochondria

b. Chloroplasts

c. Nuclear membrane

d. Ribosomes

e. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

prokaryote or eukaryote. Compilation of all the following characteristics of your cell can

help you except the

a. size of the cell.

b. presence or absence of ribosomes.

c. presence or absence of a nucleus.

d. presence or absence of a peptidoglycan layer.

e. type of protein monomer in the flagellum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

20. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea have all of the following except

a. nuclei.

b. ribosomes.

c. DNA.

d. a plasma membrane.

e. cytoplasm.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

21. To protect themselves from attack by a host’s immune system, some bacteria cover

themselves with a specialized structure known as a(n)

a. plasma membrane.

b. capsule.

c. lamina.

d. envelope.

e. endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

22. As you travel through a prokaryotic cell in a matrix or biofilm that contains a plasma

membrane, cell wall, capsule, and an outer membrane, in what order would you

encounter the layers from outside to inside?

a. Phospholipid bilayer, slimy polysaccharide layer, peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-

rich phospholipid membrane

b. Peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane, slimy

polysaccharide layer, phospholipid bilayer

c. Slimy polysaccharide layer, polysaccharide-rich phospholipid membrane,

peptidoglycan layer, phospholipid bilayer

bilayer, slimy polysaccharide layer

e. Slimy polysaccharide layer, phospholipid bilayer, peptidoglycan layer, polysaccharide-

rich phospholipid membrane

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

23. You examine an unknown organism using freeze fracture electron microscopy and

discover that it has a double-layer outer membrane and ribosomes. You also find that it

has inner membranes, but it is difficult to tell if they are contiguous with the plasma

membrane or not. Finding which of the following on the organism would allow you to be

able to classify this as a prokaryote?

a. DNA

b. A distinct mitochondrion

c. A capsule

d. Plastids

e. None of the above

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

24. You discover a mutant bacterium that on close examination appears to contain an

intact flagellum yet is unable to use the flagellum for motility. You also discover that a

protein at the base of the flagella that is normally anchored to the plasma membrane is

missing. You thus conclude that the bacterium must be either lacking or producing a

mutant form of

a. flagellin.

b. myosin.

c. dynein.

d. transport apparatus.

e. peptidoglycan.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

25. While examining the plasma membrane of a bacterium using electron microscopy,

you have discovered the presence of complex motor protein assembly. You do not find

any evidence of a proper flagellum. You can conclude that the bacteria most likely has

lost its ability to make

a. flagellin.

b. tubulin.

c. actin.

e. myosin.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

26. You want to design a drug that helps prevent bacterial infections that specifically

derive from motile bacteria. Which of the following structures could be a target of your

new drug?

a. Flagella

b. Fimbriae

c. Pili

d. Cilia

e. Conjugative pili

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

27. Specialized cellular appendages of prokaryotes that help bacteria adhere to one

another when they exchange genetic material are called

a. the Golgi apparatus.

b. cilia.

c. flagella.

d. pili.

e. capsules.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

28. You are given an unknown organism to classify. The presence of which of the

following structures would eliminate the possibility that your organism is an animal?

a. A nucleus

b. A nucleolus

c. Mitochondria

d. Chloroplasts

e. Golgi apparatus

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

29. Which of the following techniques could you use to determine if the flagellum-like

structure you are observing is made of the protein flagellin or tubulin?

b. Microscopy

c. Biochemical analysis

d. Both b and c

e. All of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

30. You discovered what looks to be a new organelle that is smaller than a

mitochondrion, but you need to do further testing to best determine its cellular function.

What would be your best plan of action?

a. Use a light microscope under normal culturing conditions and watch its movement

through the cell to see if you can determine its cellular role.

b. Observe the organelle with freeze fracture electron microscopy.

c. Isolate the organelle using cell fractionation and follow with further biochemical

analysis.

d. Use a chemical against actin to prevent organelle transport within the cell and observe

cellular function.

e. Use a detergent to break up the lipid membrane of the organelle in the cell and observe

the resulting cell function.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

31. Ribosomes are not found in

a. mitochondria.

b. chloroplasts.

c. the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

d. prokaryotic cells.

e. the Golgi apparatus.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

32. A new protein with a molecular weight of 25,000 is discovered and found to reside

only in the nucleus. For this to happen, the protein must

a. be made in the nucleolus.

b. pass through the nuclear pore.

c. contain a specific short amino acid sequence.

d. travel through the plasmodesmata.

e. be involved in translation.

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

33. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of

the

a. nuclear envelope.

b. Golgi apparatus.

c. nucleolus.

d. plasma membrane.

e. mitochondria.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

34. The membrane surrounding each organelle

a. is composed of hydrophobic proteins.

b. regulates traffic into and out of the organelle.

c. is studded with ribosomes.

d. allows for interactions among molecules.

e. is perforated with pores.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

35. An unknown cell is cultured in a solution that contains a stain that binds to protein. It

is found that this cell excretes quite a large amount of protein to its environment as

compared to a typical liver cell. Based on this information, you determine that this cell

must have a large amount of

a. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

c. chromosomes.

d. nuclear pores.

e. peptidoglycan.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

36. A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes.

b. is smaller than a primary lysosome.

c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome.

d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

37. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

a. photosynthetic pigments.

b. starch molecules for energy storage.

c. their own DNA molecules.

d. cell waste materials.

e. digestive enzymes.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

38. Although plant and animal cells are both classified as eukaryotic, they do have some

differences. Of the following, which denotes a correct pairing of an animal and a plant

cell structure that serve the same function?

a. Animal nuclear pore: plant plasmodesmata

b. Animal mitochondria: plant leucoplast

c. Animal lysosome: plant vacuole

d. Animal peroxisome: plant glyoxysomes

e. Animal cytoskeleton: plant cell wall

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

39. A mutant cell line is found and examined. Under normal conditions this cell type

excretes the steroid estrogen, but it is found that this particular line does not. Where

should a researcher look to determine if the cells’ defect is in the excretion of the

hormone or in the synthesis?

a. The smooth ER

b. The rough ER

c. Mitochondria

d. Free ribosomes

e. The Golgi apparatus

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

40. A moss cell is placed in culture with an unknown chemical substance. It is found that

the cell appears able to “divide” because the cell is observed to grow and replicate its

substance has affected the synthesis of the polysaccharides that compose the cell wall.

Which organelle is possibly targeted by the unknown chemical?

a. Nucleus

b. Plasmodesmata

c. Mitochondria

d. Golgi apparatus

e. Chloroplast

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

41. Which structure is not involved in the breakdown of food particles by the cell?

a. Phagosome

b. Primary lysosome

c. Secondary lysosome

d. Golgi apparatus

e. Ribosome

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

42. Muscle cells need large amounts of calcium and ATP for contraction. Based on these

requirements, you would expect that muscle cells would have an increased amount of

what type of organelles (per unit volume)?

a. Chloroplasts and rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles

c. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria

d. Peroxisomes and Golgi apparatus

e. Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

43. Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true?

a. They are the sites where autophagy occurs.

b. They provide turgor in plant cells.

c. They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination.

d. They are found only in plants.

e. They may have arisen through endosymbiosis.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

44. Which is the series of structures that a macromolecule would encounter after it is

engulfed into a cell until its monomers are used as an energy source?

a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria

b. Primary lysosome, secondary lysosome, peroxisome, plasma membrane

c. Primary lysosome, peroxisome, secondary lysosome, mitochondria

d. Phagosome, secondary lysosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria

e. Phagosome, cytoplasm, cisternae, secondary lysosome, mitochondria

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

45. Chloroplasts are a kind of

a. leucoplast.

b. endoplasmic reticulum.

c. chromoplast.

d. Golgi apparatus.

e. plastid.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

46. Which type of cell structure is found in plants but not in animals?

a. Ribosomes

b. Mitochondria

c. Nuclei

d. Plastids

e. None of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

47. The source of the most abundant type of lipid in the world is

a. animal fat.

b. cisternae.

c. thylakoid.

d. cristae.

e. extracellular matrix.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

a. Storage of toxic by-products and wastes

b. Support for the cell

c. Containment of animal-attracting pigments that aid in pollination

d. Hydrolysis of seed proteins into food for the plant embryo

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

49. One difference between plant and animal cells is that

a. only animal cells have mitochondria.

b. animal cells lack a large central vacuole.

c. plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.

d. plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.

e. only plant cells have peroxisomes.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

50. Components of the cytoskeleton can be linked to all of the following functions of

eukaryotic cells except

a. the movement of chloroplasts within the plant cytoplasm.

b. separation of chromosomes during cellular division.

c. creation of pseudopodia in immune cells.

d. contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.

e. All of the above functions require cytoskeletal components.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

51. Which of the following structures is (are) involved with maintaining the position of

the organelles within a cell?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Mitochondria

d. Microfilaments

e. Intermediate filaments

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

cytoskeletal component that is rope like in structure and has a diameter of 11 nm. How

would the scientists classify this component?

a. A microfilament

b. Microvilli

c. An intermediate filament

d. Cilia

e. A microtubule

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

53. Microvilli are supported by a network of which type of structure?

a. Microtubules

b. Microfilaments

c. Myosin

d. Intermediate filaments

e. Chromatin

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

54. Microtubules are made of

a. actin, and they function in locomotion.

b. tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome movement during mitosis.

c. tubulin, and they are found in microvilli.

d. actin, and they function to change cell shape.

e. polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

55. Hair and some intermediate filaments are composed of

a. microtubules.

b. microfilaments.

c. collagen.

d. proteoglycans.

e. keratin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

a. a- and b-tubulin.

b. d- and l-actin.

c. r- and s-myosin.

d. k tubules.

e. k actinomin.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

57. Cytoskeletal components with a 10 nm diameter are discovered in the cultured cells

of an animal. Before you can confirm the identity of the cytoskeletal component, what

would be a good experiment to check your hypothesis?

a. Expose the cells to a substance that binds myosin proteins and see if the cell is still able

to make the structures.

b. Incubate the cells in a substance that will depolymerize actin and observe if the

structure collapses.

c. Inject a tubulin binding protein and see if the cell is able to maintain the structures.

d. Add a dynein inhibitor and see if the structures disappear.

e. Include a keratin digestion component in the culture and confirm loss of the structure.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

58. What would happen if microvilli were exposed to an agent that depolymerizes

tubulin?

a. The microvilli would lose their shape.

b. The microvilli would maintain their shape but no longer be able to move.

c. The microvilli would maintain their shape but no longer remain erect/upright because

they will not be anchored to the cytoskeleton.

d. The membrane surrounding the microvilli would rupture.

e. Most likely nothing directly affects shape or structure of the microvilli.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

59. A patient is admitted to the hospital for dehydration and malnutrition. On close

observation of the intestine, it appears that the cells lining the intestine have fully formed

microvilli. However, these microvilli are not uniformly standing upright and protruding

into the lumen of the intestine, but are lying down so that full exposure to the contents of

the intestine cannot be obtained. The doctors conclude that the patient may have a defect

in what cellular component?

b. Myosin

c. Intermediate filaments

d. Microfibers

e. Tubulin

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

60. A cancer drug is being tested, and it is found that although the cancer cells can divide,

the nuclear envelope cannot reform. It is determined that a protein substance is

sequestered so that it cannot be polymerized into the necessary structure. What is the

most likely protein target of the drug?

a. Lamin

b. Keratin

c. Alpha-tubulin

d. Beta-tubulin

e. Actin

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

61. The surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased by

a. microtubules.

b. pili.

c. cristae.

d. myosin.

e. microvilli.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

62. If you wanted to stop the movement of a ciliated protist in culture, you could incubate

it in a substance that inhibits

a. flagellin.

b. myosin.

c. actin.

d. dynein.

e. kinesin.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

to have normal cell division and chromosome separation, on staining the cell for

secondary lysosomes, you find that they are just “hanging out” in the cytoplasm and not

traveling to the plasma membrane and releasing their waste products to the environment

at a sufficient rate. Based on these observations, you decide that you need to check to

make sure that the cell line has not developed a mutation in what protein?

a. Dynein

b. Tubulin

c. Nexin

d. Myosin

e. Both a and b

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

64. Extracellular structures have which of the following roles?

a. Signaling

b. Support

c. Adhesion

d. Barrier

e. All of the above

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

65. All of the following are examples of extracellular structures except

a. peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterium.

b. plant cell wall.

c. bacterial capsule.

d. basal lamina.

e. lamin.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

66. All of the following molecules can be found in extracellular structures except

a. integrin.

b. collagen.

c. cellulose.

d. peptidoglycan.

e. lamin.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

67. Uniform concentrations of cytoplasmic materials within plant tissues are maintained

a. motor proteins such as kinesin.

b. membrane-lined channels called plasmodesmata.

c. the semirigid cell wall.

d. constantly beating cilia.

e. an internal cytoskeleton.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

68. A dye is injected into one plant cell and is observed to travel into adjacent plant cells.

The dye is traveling between cells through

a. osmosis.

b. plasmodesmata.

c. nuclear pores.

d. integrins.

e. dynein.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

69. If you were to design an insecticide that you wanted to pass between cells to protect

them from pests, the insecticide should be

a. less than or equal to 30 nm in diameter.

b. polar.

c. strongly hydrophilic.

d. strongly hydrophobic.

e. Both a and c

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

70. Which of the following statements is true concerning endosymbiosis?

a. Endosymbiotic events never occur in modern times.

b. Endosymbiosis occurred only twice, once to form mitochondria and once to form

plastids.

c. Endosymbiosis occurs when an animal ingests another organism.

d. The nucleus probably formed through an endosymbiotic event.

plasma membrane.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

71. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have

a. originated from extracellular symbiotic relationships.

b. their own endoplasmic reticulum.

c. their own mitochondria.

d. originated from endosymbiotic relationships.

e. the ability to live free of the host cell.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

72. Mitochondria and plastids are believed to have once been independent organisms

because they

a. contain their own DNA.

b. have flagella.

c. have glyoxysomes.

d. make vesicles.

e. have nuclei.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Easy

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

73. All of the following observations support the theory of endosymbiosis except

a. chloroplasts have their own DNA.

b. chloroplasts divide independent of the nucleus.

c. mitochondria divide independent of the nucleus.

d. mitochondria are similar in size to bacteria.

e. all cellular organelles have double membranes like the plasma membranes of bacteria.

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Medium

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

74. You have three cell types: A, B, and C. On close examination, you generate a theory

that cell C is the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between cell A and cell B, where

A was internalized by B. What could you test to see if this were true?

a. Check to see if genes from cell A are present in the DNA of cell C, yet absent from B.

b. Check to see if genes from cell B are present in the DNA of cell A, yet absent from C.

d. Check to see if the DNA from any organelles in cell C contain genes from cell B.

e. Both a and d

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

75. Which of the following statements most supports the endosymbiosis theory?

a. The size ratio of eukaryotes versus prokaryotes is equivalent to that of a host cell to its

mitochondria or chloroplast.

b. If a eukaryotic cell were emptied of all its mitochondria and chloroplasts, it would still

be able to produce ATP, allowing it to grow and replicate as normal.

c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can survive and replicate once removed from their host

cells.

d. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are capable of photosynthesis.

e. The membrane surrounding organelles is more similar to the membrane of a prokaryote

than the membrane of a eukaryote.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Difficulty: Hard

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

(By Laurel Hester)

1. A mass of cells is found in the sediment surrounding a thermal vent in the ocean floor.

The salinity in the area is quite high. Microscopic examination of one of the cells reveals

no evidence of membrane-enclosed organelles. This cell would be classified as a

a. eukaryotic cell.

b. prokaryotic cell.

c. member of domain Archaea or Bacteria.

d. Both a and c

e. Both b and c

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

2. Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the compacting

of the contents into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Bathing this pellet with a

glucose solution yields metabolic activity, including the production of ATP. One of the

contents of this pellet is most likely which of the following?

a. Cytosol

b. Mitochondria

c. Lysosomes

e. Thylakoids

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

3. Which of the following is not one of the tenets of cell theory?

a. All living things are composed of cells.

b. Cells are the fundamental units of life.

c. All cells come from preexisting cells.

d. All cells contain mitochondria.

e. None of the above is an element of cell theory.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

4. Though science fiction has produced stories like “The Blob,” we do not see many

large, single-celled organisms. Which of the following tends to limit cell size?

a. The difficulty of maintaining a continuous large membrane

b. The difficulty of reproduction in a large cell

c. Surface area-to-volume ratios

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

5. Which technique would be best suited to a study of normal cell migration during

embryonic development?

a. Direct visual observation

b. Light microscopy

c. Electron microscopy

d. Cell fractionation

e. Experimentation on mutants

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.1 What Features Make Cells the Fundamental Units of Life?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

6. The cellular function of the RER is

a. DNA synthesis.

b. photosynthesis.

c. cellular respiration.

d. protein synthesis.

e. mRNA degradation.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

7. Photosynthesis occurs in the

a. chloroplast.

b. mitochondria.

c. Golgi apparatus.

d. nucleus.

e. RER.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

8. Lysosomes are involved in

a. DNA synthesis.

b. the breakdown of phagocytized material.

c. protein folding.

d. pigment production.

e. cell membrane production.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

9. The packaging of proteins to be used outside the cell occurs in the

a. nucleus.

b. SER.

c. Golgi apparatus.

d. chromoplast.

e. nuclear pore.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

10. A hospital nurse notices a slick spot on an IV needle and suspects bacterial

contamination. What bacterial structure might have helped these cells attach to one

another and stick to the needle?

a. Capsule

b. Cell wall

c. Cytoplasm

d. Flagella

e. Ribosomes

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.2 What Features Characterize Prokaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

11. Movement of cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is accomplished by which of

the following structures?

b. Pili

c. Dynein

d. Cell membranes

e. Flagella

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

12. Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is true?

a. Animal cells produce chloroplasts.

b. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts may be found in the same cell.

c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot be found in the same cell.

d. In certain conditions, chloroplasts can revert to mitochondria.

e. None of the above

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

13. Which of the following cell structures is paired with the molecule type most similar to

its actual chemical components?

a. Cilia – nucleic acid

b. Thylakoids – peptidoglycan

c. Ribosomes – phospholipids

d. Microfilaments – cellulose

e. Plant cell wall matrix – proteoglycans

Answer: e

Textbook Reference: 5.4 What Are the Roles of Extracellular Structures?

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

14. Nuclear DNA exists as a complex of proteins called _______, which condense(s) into

_______ during cellular division.

a. chromosomes; chromatin

b. chromatids; chromosomes

c. chromophors; chromatin

d. chromatin; chromosomes

e. None of the above

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

15. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum differ

a. only in terms of the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of ribosomes.

b. in their function, and also in terms of the presence (RER) or absence (SER) of

ribosomes.

c. only in terms of their microscopic appearance.

e. None of the above

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: 5.3 What Features Characterize Eukaryotic Cells?

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

16. Which of the following depicts an endosymbiosis?

a. Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live inside legume root nodules, releasing fixed nitrogen

and absorbing plant carbohydrates.

b. Some birds follow army ant raids across the forest, eating insects that fly up in their

attempt to escape the ants.

c. Barnacles can be found living on whales, where they may impede the whale’s

movement but do not otherwise harm it.

d. Certain mites live in hair follicles, where they occasionally cause skin irritation but are

otherwise benign.

e. The influenza or flu virus replicates itself inside its host’s cells, using the host cell’s

transcription and translation machinery.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: 5.5 How Did Eukaryotic Cells Originate?

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS (from Textbook)

1. Which structure is generally present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic plant

cells?

a. Chloroplasts

b. Cell wall

c. Nucleus

d. Mitochondria

e. Microtubules

Answer: b

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

2. The major factor limiting cell size is the

a. concentration of water in the cytoplasm.

b. need for energy.

c. presence of membrane-enclosed organelles.

d. ratio of surface area to volume.

e. composition of the plasma membrane.

Answer: d

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

3. Which statement about plastids is true?

a. They are found in prokaryotes.

b. They are surrounded by a single membrane.

d. They are found only in fungi.

e. They may contain various pigments or polysaccharides.

Answer: e

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

4. Which structure is not surrounded by one or more membranes?

a. Ribosome

b. Chloroplast

c. Mitochondrion

d. Peroxisome

e. Vacuole

Answer: a

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

5. The cytoskeleton consists of

a. cilia, flagella, and microfilaments.

b. cilia, microtubules, and microfilaments.

c. internal cell walls.

d. microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

e. calcified microtubules.

Answer: d

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

6. Microfilaments

a. are composed of polysaccharides.

b. are composed of actin.

c. allow cilia and flagella to move.

d. make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes.

e. maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

Answer: b

Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering

7. If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely

result?

a. The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down.

b. More proteins would be made.

c. The DNA in mitochondria would break down.

d. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide.

e. There would be no change in cell function.

Answer: a

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

8. Through how many membranes would a molecule have to pass in moving from the

interior (stroma) of a chloroplast to the interior (matrix) of a mitochondrion? From the

interior of a lysosome to the outside of a cell? From one ribosome to another?

Two membranes: the lysosomal membrane and the plasma membrane (via vesicle; the

molecules do not themselves cross any membranes)

No membranes: ribosomes do not have membranes. However, if the ribosomes were

associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the answer would be two membranes:

into the ER and out of the ER.

Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying

9. Compare the extracellular matrix of the animal cell with the plant cell wall, with

respect to composition of the fibrous and nonfibrous components, rigidity, and

connectivity of cells.

Answer:

Animal Cell ECM Plant Cell Wall

Composition Collagen fibers in

proteoglycan matrix

Cellulose fibers in polysaccharide

and protein matrix

Rigidity Less rigid More rigid (especially secondary

cell walls)

Connections Some specialized proteins

and junctions

Plasmodesmata

Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding

10. The drug vincristine is used to treat many cancers. It apparently works by causing

microtubules to depolymerize. Vincristine use has many side effects, including loss of

dividing cells and nerve problems. Explain why this might be so.

Answer: Microtubules line the long axons of nerve cells, where they act as tracks for

vesicles that carry substances down the neuron. Without microtubules, the contents of

these vesicles cannot be delivered to their destination, which can result in nerve

problems.

Microtubules are a key part of the mitotic spindle, which is used to move chromosomes

during cell division. Depolymerization of microtubules can thus result in loss of dividing

cells.

Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing

11. The movements of newly synthesized proteins can be followed through cells using a

“pulse–chase” experiment. During synthesis, proteins are tagged with a radioactive

isotope (the “pulse”), and then the cells are allowed to process the proteins for varying

periods of time. The locations of the radioactive proteins are then determined by isolating

cell organelles and quantifying their levels of radioactivity. What results would you

expect for (a) a lysosomal enzyme and (b) a protein that is released from the cell?

Answer: For a lysosomal enzyme, the pathway would be ribosome  interior of ER 

Golgi  Golgi vesicles  lysosome.

For an extracellular protein (animal cells), the pathway would be ribosome  interior of

Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating

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