Research Design in Clinical Psychology 4th Edition by Alan E. Kazdin – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 5 Selection of the Research Problem and Design

A. Multiple-Choice Questions

5.1 When two variables (A, B) are related, one may come before (A then B) or after (B then A) the

other over time, or they both may occur at the same point in time (A & B together). Which of the

following does not indicate a sequence or necessary order of two variables?

a) Cause

b) Correlation

c) Risk factor

d) Mediator

Answer: b Page: 118 Level: C

5.2 Which of the following seeks to answer, by what process does A lead to B?

a) Moderator

b) Correlation

c) Risk factor

d) Mediator

Answer: d Page: 120 Level: M

5.3 Sex (being male, female) often influences the relationship between two variables (e.g., the effects of

harsh child-rearing on later adjustment). A variable that influences the direction or magnitude of the

relationship between two other variables is referred to as a:

a) Moderator

b) Risk factor

c) Correlation

d) Mediator

Answer: a Page: 119 Level: M

5.4 A randomized controlled clinical trial refers to what type of design?

a) b) c) d) Some participants are randomly assigned to treatment conditions for a trial period

Participants with a particular disorder are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups

Participants are assigned to a control group followed by different treatment conditions

Participants choose from a number of treatment and control conditions

Answer: b Page: 137 Level: MResearch Design in Clinical Psychology Chapter 5

5.5 Which of the following most seriously limits operational definitions?

a) Numerous measures assessing the same construct

b) Overly precise and simplified definitions

c) Limited criteria in the definition

d) None of the above

Answer: b Page: 130 Level: M

5.6 Why are latent variables better suited than observed variables to assess constructs?

a) b) c) d) Latent variables are based on several measures of different variables

Latent variables represent variables that participants are not aware of during the experiment

Latent variables are more restricted and easier to control than observed variables

Latent variables are based on different measures of the same variable

Answer: d Page: 132 Level: C

5.7 What is an independent variable?

a) b) c) d) A variable that is manipulated to produce some change

A variable that is measures to determine the change caused by a manipulation

A variable that is not influenced by extraneous factors

A variable that is used to determine the effectiveness of treatment

Answer: a Page: 134 Level: E

5.8 Individual difference variables are typically:

a) b) c) d) Used to produce differences in performance

Measured to allow for changes in the dependent variable

Manipulated to create change in a treatment condition

Environmental contexts and participant characteristics

Answer: d Page: 135 Level: M

5.9 A true experiment is desirable because:

a) b) c) It allows experimenters the most control over the experimental manipulation

It allows the strongest basis for drawing inferences

It allows experimenters to determine the impact of the experimental manipulation

d) Both a and b

Answer: d Page: 137 Level: MResearch Design in Clinical Psychology Chapter 5

5.10 What is a case-control study?

a) d) c) d) It is a factorial design with at least two groups

It is a correlational study

It is a study with at least one treatment condition

It is a study that allows the experimenter to determine the impact of multiple treatments

Answer: b Page: 138 Level: C

5.11 In a single-case design, how are measures usually obtained/administered?

a) b) c) d) Several different measures in one or two sessions

Several measures over days or weeks

A few measures in one session

A single measure or task is administered

Answer: b Page: 140 Level: M

5.12 When is external validity less of a concern?

a) b) c) When one does not care about one’s career as a researcher

If one is testing a theory

If one is not interested in generalizing the findings

d) Both b and c

Answer: d Page: 144 Level: M

5.13 How does cross-sectional research differ from longitudinal research?

a) b) c) d) Longitudinal research measures the same participants overtime

Longitudinal research explores less complex research questions

Cross-sectional research has less external validity

Cross-sectional research measures how people actually change

Answer: a Page: 144 Level: M

5.14 Cohort effects can negatively impact experimental validity because:

a) b) c) Some groups are very similar and it may be difficult to determine the impact of the manipulation

Unique characteristics may influence the study

Some groups are not willing to participate in research

d) All of the above

Answer: b Page: 145 Level: MResearch Design in Clinical Psychology 5.15 Which of the following is an example of an environmental variable?

a) A participant’s community

b) c) d) A participant’s traits or attributes

The experimenter’s attitude and mannerisms

A false cover story told to a participant

Answer: d Page: 134 Level: M

Chapter 5

B. Definitions

5.1 Moderator

Page: 119 Level: C

5.2 Mediator

Page: 120 Level: C

5.3 True experiment

Page: 137 Level: M

5.4 Quasi-experiment

Page: 138 Level: M

5.5 Randomized controlled clinical trial

Page: 137 Level: M

5.6 Case-control design

Page: 138 Level: C

5.7 Multiple operationism

Page: 131 Level: M

5.8 Analogue research

Page: 141 Level: C

C. Essay Questions

Note to the Instructor: Page numbers and level are not listed after each of the questions, for reasons

noted previously. (Please see Note to the Instructor for the Essay Questions for Chapter 2.)

5.1 Ideas for an investigation can come from many places or sources. What are three ways for obtaining

ideas for a study?Research Design in Clinical Psychology Chapter 5

5.2 What are mediators and moderators? How are they different? Give an example of each.

5.3 What is theory? Give three reasons why theory is needed or helpful for research?

5.4 Define and briefly note the differences between generating versus testing hypotheses.

5.5 What are operational definitions? illustrate the advantages and limitations.

What are their advantages and limitations? Give an example to

5.6 Why should multiple operations (measures) be used whenever possible to represent constructs?

5.7 Define true-experiment and quasi-experiment? What are the differences?

5.8 What are the arguments for and against laboratory versus applied (field) studies? What special role

does each play in research? Relate this discussion to efficacy and effectiveness in psychotherapy research.