Research Design Explained International Edition 8th Edition by Mark L. Mitchell – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

CHAPTER 4

1. Which of the following sections is a brief summary of the article?

* a. abstract

b. discussion

c. introduction

d. method section

2. Which of the following sections should you spend the most time trying to

understand?

a. abstract

b. discussion

* c. introduction

d. method section

3. If you want to know about the participants in the study, you should consult the

a. abstract

b. discussion

c. introduction

* d. method section

4. If you want to know the rationale for the hypothesis, you should consult the

a. abstract

b. discussion

* c. introduction

d. method section

5. According to the text, the section most closely resembling an ad for the research is

the:

a. abstract

b. discussion

* c. introduction

d. method section

6. A researcher may transform the data to

a. change them so they support the hypothesis

* b. make the data normally distributed

c. decrease the mean

d. decrease the standard deviation

7. The researcher should report:

a. nonsignificant results relating to the hypothesis

b. significant results not relating to the hypothesis

* c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b

2348. The section in which authors are most likely to talk about weaknesses of their study

is in the:

a. abstract

* b. discussion

c. introduction

d. method section

9. Which of the following sections should be easiest for anyone to understand?

a. abstract

b. discussion

c. introduction

* d. method

10. In the results section,

a. only significant results are presented

b. only results relating to the hypotheses are presented

* c. all results relating to the hypotheses and all significant results are

reported

d. all the results of the study are presented

11. In the results section,

a. the results of statistical tests are listed, but not interpreted

* b. the results of statistical tests are described and interpreted as to whether

they support or fail to support the hypotheses

c. the results are presented and interpreted as to their theoretical and practical

significance

d. the results are extensively interpreted in light of previous research

12. Most studies can always benefit from replication because

a. fraud is fairly common

b. results in psychological research tend to have extremely limited external

validity

c. Type 2 errors are often published

* d. design decisions inevitably involve making tradeoffs

13. One way to detect deliberate fabrication in reported research is to

a. repeat the analyses using higher levels of significance

b. repeat the analyses, using lower levels of significance

* c. repeat the questioned research

d. distrust research with social significance

14. Fraud is unusual in scientific psychology because

a. all psychologists are completely honest

b. publishing research is not rewarded

c. journal editors are highly selective in what research they publish

* d. frauds would be caught if others tried to replicate the falsified study

23515. Direct replication of an experiment involves

* a. repeating the original experiment as closely as possible

b. repeating aspects of the original experiment, but changing irrelevant variables

c. demonstrating the phenomenon with a new paradigm or set of experimental

operations

d. repeating the original experiment with the original participants

16. In research involving nonexperimental designs, direct replications check on the _______ of

research conclusions whereas conceptual replications check on the ________ of the research

conclusions.

* a. external validity, construct validity

b. construct validity, internal validity

c. internal validity, external validity

d. construct validity, external validity

17. Direct replications test the _______ of research results whereas conceptual

replications test the ________ of research results.

* a. reproducibility, interpretation

b. interpretation, reproducibility

c. value, interpretation

d. interpretation, value

18. Which of the following is most likely problem with a study?

a. a Type 1 error

* b. a Type 2 error

c. fraud

d. all of the above are equally likely

19. If a journal only accepts articles that produce results that are significant at the .05 level,

significant effects published in that journal will

a. never be due to Type 1 errors

b. be due to Type 1 errors less than 5% of the time

c. be due to Type 1 errors 5% of the time

* d. be due to Type 1 errors more than 5% of the time

20. If a study lacks external validity, it

a. was sloppily done

b. should be followed-up with a direct replication

* c. should be followed-up with a systematic replication

d. should be followed-up with a conceptual replication

23621. If you repeat the study using more standardized procedures and more participants, you are

conducting a _____ of the original study.

a. conceptual replication

b. direct replication

* c. systematic replication

d. extension

22. If you repeat a between-subjects experiment with a within-subjects design, you are doing

a(n):

a. conceptual replication

b. direct replication

* c. systematic replication

d. extension

23. Systematic replication of an experiment involves

a. repeating the original experiment with the original subjects

b. repeating the original study as closely as possible

c. demonstrating the phenomenon with an entirely new paradigm or set of

experimental conditions

* d. repeating the study, but making minor modifications

24. A systematic replication may

a. improve power

b. improve external validity

c. improve construct validity

* d. all of the above

25. If you were to repeat a lab study as a field study, you would probably be doing a

a. conceptual replication

b. direct replication

* c. systematic replication

d. replication and extension

26. All of the following would improve power EXCEPT:

a. using a repeated measures design rather than a simple experiment

b. using a more sensitive measure

c. using more standardized procedures

* d. using participants who were more diverse than those used in the

original study

27. If you repeated a laboratory experiment as a field experiment, you would be doing a(n):

a. conceptual replication

b. direct replication

* c. systematic replication

d. extension

23728. Which of the following would be the most effective way to reduce the chances of

subjects playing along with the hypothesis?

* a. use the double-blind technique

b. having a manipulation check

c. having an empty control group

d. using rating scale measures

29. Which of the following would NOT be a way of reducing the chances that subjects

would play along with the hypothesis?

a. having a cover story

b. using double-blind procedures

c. standardizing procedures

* d. using a within-subjects design

30. A major function of conceptual replications is to

* a. establish construct validity

b. establish external validity

c. establish internal validity

d. improve power

31. When you investigate the same set of theoretical variables in several different

studies that vary the measurement methods, you are using

* a. conceptual replication

b. direct replication

c. exact replication

d. systematic replication

32. Conceptual replication of an experiment involves

a. repeating the original study with the original participants

b. repeating the original study with a slightly different participant population

c. repeating the study, but with minor modifications

* d. repeating the original study, but using different measures and/or

manipulations of key variables

True/False Questions

33. Psychologists place too great of an emphasis on developing operational

definitions.

a. True

* b. False

34. Operational definitions are an essential part of sound research.

* a. True

b. False

35. By being specific and public, operational definitions allow others to replicate

your study.

* a. True

b. False

23836. Psychological variables cannot be measured.

a. True

* b. False

37. Psychological variables are easy to measure.

a. True

* b. False

38. Once you have chosen a behavior to study, selecting an appropriate measure

is usually simple.

a. True

* b. False

39. Both random error and bias create systematic differences between your groups.

a. True

* b. False

40. The failure to find a significant result may be due to the study having insufficient

power.

* a. True

b. False

41. Systematic replications are not recommended if your concern is that the original

study lacked construct validity.

a. True

* b. False

42. * a. True

b. False

Replications are essential for the advancement of psychology as a science.