Research and Evaluation in Counseling 2nd Edition by Bradley – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Test Bank for Research and Evaluation in Counseling, 2e

Chapter 5:

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Multiple Choice

1. 2. 3. 4. __________ is important to consider when designing rigorous qualitative inquiry.

a. Selecting a sampling method

b. Establishing trustworthiness

c. Identifying the problem

d. All of the above

ANS: D

Researcher __________ refers to how the researcher’s worldview and presence in the

study influences the research design.

a. culture

b. inquiry

c. bias

d. theory

ANS: C

__________ refers to the extent to which the findings of an inquiry are applicable in

other contexts and with other respondents.

a. Consistency

b. Applicability

c. Neutrality

d. Truth Value

ANS: B

Trustworthiness in qualitative research refers to all of the following EXCEPT:

a. partiality.

b. credibility.

c. transferability.

d. dependability.

ANS: A

© 2015. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 30Test Bank for Research and Evaluation in Counseling, 2e

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. All of the following can help interviewers improve communication and facilitate data

collection EXCEPT:

a. not interrupting.

b. doing most of the talking.

c. avoiding leading questions.

d. not debating over responses.

ANS: B

In a __________ interview the researcher plans all questions in advance and each

participant is asked the same set of questions, often in the same sequence.

a. structured

b. semistructured

c. unstructured

d. None of the above.

ANS: A

All of the following are true of qualitative research EXCEPT that it:

a. uses smaller samples.

b. integrates the researcher’s voice.

c. emphasizes researcher objectivity.

d. tends to be more open-ended.

ANS: C

__________ is the process of collecting data, analyzing data, and then selecting

additional participants until the description is comprehensive.

a. Purposive-iterative sampling

b. Theoretical sampling

c. Snowball sampling

d. Saturation

ANS: A

A __________ is usually a one-page summary of questions or reflections from a single

contact with a case.

a. summary sheet

b. document summary form

c. questionnaire

d. contact sheet

ANS: D

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10.

11. 12. 13.

14. __________ occurs when the observer’s personal attitudes and values affect either the

observation or the researcher’s interpretation of the observation.

a. Participant bias

b. Observer bias

c. Research bias

d. Primary source bias

ANS: B

In __________ sampling, the researcher may choose to interview participants who vary

in age, race, gender, and other factors.

a. snowball

b. mixed

c. cross reference

d. maximum variation

ANS: D

All of the following are categories of documentary evidence EXCEPT:

a. word of mouth information.

b. public records.

c. physical materials.

d. personal documents.

ANS: A

__________ evidence can include written, oral, visual, or cultural artifacts.

a. Primary

b. Documentary

c. Secondary

d. Valued

ANS: B

Because qualitative inquiry is an intensive process, researcher __________ is very

important.

a. objectivity

b. self-care

c. sampling

d. hiring

ANS: B

© 2015. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 32Test Bank for Research and Evaluation in Counseling, 2e

15. 16. 17. 18.

19. In qualitative research, the soundness of the research is evaluated by its:

a. reliability.

b. validity.

c. trustworthiness.

d. truth value.

ANS: C

__________ sampling refers to purposefully selecting participants from a particular

subgroup whose experience is suspected to be somewhat alike.

a. Theoretical

b. Cross referencing

c. Homogeneous

d. Snowball

ANS: C

__________ is when researchers continue to sample participants in a setting until no new

information is present or refutes the findings of previous data.

a. Cross referencing

b. Saturation

c. Mixed methodology

d. Theoretical sampling

ANS: B

_______ pertains to questions about the replication and repetition of themes if the method

of inquiry were applied with the same or similar research participants.

a. Neutrality

b. Applicability

c. Truth value

d. Consistency

ANS: D

__________ questions allow researchers to gather concrete information about

participants and settings.

a. Feeling

b. Knowledge

c. Background/demographic

d. Behavior

ANS: C

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20. 21. 22. 23. 24. __________ allows a site to be a realistic option for research designs.

a. Diverse participants

b. Accessible entry

c. Established trustworthiness

d. All of the above

ANS: D

__________ are considered primary sources.

a. Diaries

b. Autobiographies

c. Letters

d. All of the above

ANS: D

When selecting a site, __________could be considered gatekeepers.

a. employers

b. managers

c. principals

d. All of the above.

ANS: D

__________ sampling would be used if a researcher wants to explore the experiences of

college students who reported having negative experiences at a university counseling

center or investigating the coping strategies of women who have recently experienced a

miscarriage.

a. Typical case

b. Snowball

c. Deviant

d. Theoretical

ANS: A

Convenience samples are chosen based on what main criteria?

a. All samples chosen were born in the same year.

b. All samples were easy to access.

c. All samples have the same mental condition.

d. Samples were found based on suggestions from others in the study.

ANS: B

© 2015. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 34Test Bank for Research and Evaluation in Counseling, 2e

25. Another term for deviant sampling is __________ sampling.

a. minimal

b. extreme

c. mixed

d. snowball

ANS: B

True/False

1. Qualitative inquiry tends to be an inductive process.

ANS: T

2. Trustworthiness includes ways negative researcher bias may be minimized to increase the

validity of a study.

ANS: T

3. Research questions often influence the data collection and sampling methods.

ANS: T

4. Qualitative and quantitative inquiries are similar in that both focus on understanding

relationships between constructs in a systematic, scientific manner.

ANS: T

5. The process of collecting data, analyzing data, and then selecting additional participants

until the description is comprehensive is called theoretical sampling.

ANS: F

6. Qualitative researchers avoid using the term sample and instead use purposive selection.

ANS: T

7. Only quantitative inquiry is subject to researcher bias.

ANS: F

8. Using samples of convenience reduces the credibility of the research investigation.

ANS: T

35 © 2015. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.Test Bank for Research and Evaluation in Counseling, 2e

9. Snowball sampling is often an appropriate method for sampling participants who are easy

to obtain.

ANS: F

10. Researchers who use critical case sampling are looking for experiences that are

particularly significant because of their intensity or irregularity.

ANS: T

Extended Responses

1. Discuss the differences between structured, semistructured, and unstructured interviews.

2. Give an example of a qualitative study in which snowball sampling would be the best

method of collection.

3. Describe the goal of maximum variation sampling.

4. Describe and explain the three main types of data collection in qualitative research.

5. Explain the difference among transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

© 2015. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 36