Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 15th Edition by Tortora Derrickson - Test Bank

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 15th Edition by Tortora Derrickson – Test Bank

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Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: pap15

Chapter Number: 05

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

1) Another name for the subcutaneous layer is

 

  1. a) Dermis
  2. b) Epidermis
  3. c) Stratum corneum
  4. d) Stratum basale
  5. e) Hypodermis

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

2) Which layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

 

  1. a) Epidermis
  2. b) Dermis
  3. c) Hypodermis
  4. d) Subcutaneous layer
  5. e) Corpuscle

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

3) Keratin

 

  1. a) is a protein.
  2. b) is secreted by plasma cells to help protect the body from viruses.
  3. c) is made by melanocytes only.
  4. d) is both a protein and made by melanocytes only.
  5. e) All of these choices are correct.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

4) Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

 

  1. a) Keratin
  2. b) Melanin
  3. c) Melatonin
  4. d) Carotene
  5. e) Collagen

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

5) Which epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance?

 

  1. a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
  2. b) Keratinocytes
  3. c) Melanocytes
  4. d) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)
  5. e) Podocytes

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

6) Which layer of the epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes?

 

  1. a) Stratum basale
  2. b) Stratum spinosum
  3. c) Stratum granulosum
  4. d) Stratum lucidum
  5. e) Stratum corneum

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

7) Which layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis?

 

  1. a) Stratum basale
  2. b) Stratum spinosum
  3. c) Stratum granulosum
  4. d) Stratum lucidum
  5. e) Stratum corneum

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

8) The stratum lucidum

 

  1. a) contains lamellar granules.
  2. b) lies just above the stratum basale.
  3. c) is the layer used in a skin graft.
  4. d) is present only in thick skin.
  5. e) can consist of up to 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

9) Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus, which is the thickening of the _____ of the epidermis.

 

  1. a) stratum basale
  2. b) stratum spinosum
  3. c) stratum granulosum
  4. d) stratum lucidum
  5. e) stratum corneum

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

10) The process of keratinization involves

 

  1. a) synthesizing new pigment in the skin.
  2. b) cells accumulating a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin.
  3. c) changes occurring in thin skin only.
  4. d) both synthesizing new pigment in the skin and cells accumulating a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin.
  5. e) none of these answer choices are correct.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

11) Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers?

 

  1. a) Hypodermis
  2. b) Basement membrane
  3. c) Epidermis
  4. d) Dermis
  5. e) Subcutaneous (subQ) layer

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.2 Compare the composition of the papillary and reticular regions of the dermis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

12) Describe how fingerprints are formed and what they are used for.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.2 Compare the composition of the papillary and reticular regions of the dermis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

Solution: epidermal ridges develop during the third or fourth fetal month as the epidermis conforms to the contours of the underlying dermal papillae of the papillary region. The ridges increase the surface area of the epidermis and thus increase the grip of the hand or foot by increasing friction. Because the ducts of sweat glands open on the tops of the epidermal ridges as sweat pores, the sweat and ridges form fingerprints upon touching a smooth object. The epidermal ridge pattern is genetically determined and is unique for each individual allowing these patterns to be used to identify individuals.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

13) Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

 

  1. a) melanin.
  2. b) carotene.
  3. c) both melanin and carotene.
  4. d) keratin.
  5. e) creatinine.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.3 Explain the basis for different skin colors.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

14) Characteristics of thick skin include:

 

  1. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips.
  2. b) Does not contain hair follicles.
  3. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin.
  4. d) Contain epidermal ridges.
  5. e) All of these choices are correct

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.3 Compare structural and functional differences in thin and thick skin.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.3 Types of Skin

 

 

15) Which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

 

  1. a) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)
  2. b) Sebaceous glands
  3. c) Sweat glands
  4. d) Nails
  5. e) Fingerprints

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1:  LO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of the Skin

 

 

16) Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

 

  1. a) Arrector pili
  2. b) Lunula
  3. c) Sweat glands
  4. d) Hair follicles
  5. e) Oil glands

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of the Skin

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

17) Describe the structure and function of arrector pili.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Study Objective 3: SO 5.1.2 Compare the composition of the papillary and reticular regions of the dermis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

Section Reference 2: Sec5.2 Accessory structures of the Skin

Solution: Arrector pili are smooth muscles that extend from the superficial dermis of the skin to the dermal root sheath around the side of the hair follicle. In its normal position, hair emerges at an angle to the surface of the skin. Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate the arrector pili muscle to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface. This action causes “goose bumps” because the skin around the shaft forms slight elevations.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

18) This is fine non-pigmented hair that covers the body of the fetus.

 

  1. a) Alopecia
  2. b) Vellus
  3. c) Lanugo
  4. d) Papilla
  5. e) Lunula

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

19) This type of exocrine gland is a simple, branched acinar gland connected to a hair follicle.

 

  1. a) Sebaceous gland
  2. b) Sudoriferous gland
  3. c) Both sebaceous gland and sudoriferous gland
  4. d) None of these answers are correct

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

20) Which of the following is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts?

 

  1. a) Sweat
  2. b) Lanugo
  3. c) Vellus
  4. d) Sebum
  5. e) Mucus

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

21) Which type of exocrine gland is a simple, coiled tubular gland that is found throughout almost the entirety of the skin?

 

  1. a) Sebaceous gland
  2. b) Eccrine sweat gland
  3. c) Apocrine sweat gland
  4. d) Ceruminous gland
  5. e) None of these answer choices are correct.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

22) List and briefly describe the major functions of the skin.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of the Skin

Solution: The functions of the skin include: 1) Thermoregulation: The skin thermoregulates in response to increased temperature by secreting sweat onto its surface and then increasing blood flow to the surface leading to cooling of the blood. In response to low temperatures, production of sweat is decreased and blood flow is diverted from surface to conserve heat. 2) The skin contains 8-10% of the blood and thus serves as a blood reservoir. 3) The skin covers the body and provides protection using keratin, lipids, secretions like oil and sweat, and immunological defenses. 4) The skin can detect and respond to cutaneous sensations. 5) The skin helps in excretion and absorption. 6) The skin also can synthesize vitamin D.

 

 

23) Briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

Solution: In response to an epidermal injury, basal cells of the epidermis surrounding the wound break contact with the basement membrane. The cells then enlarge and migrate across the wound. The cells appear to migrate as a sheet. When epidermal cells encounter each other they stop migrating due to contact inhibition. Migration of the epidermal cells stops completely when each is finally in contact with other epidermal cells on all sides. Epidermal growth factor is also secreted to stimulate the basal stem cells to divide and replace the ones that have moved into the wound. Epidermal cell division eventually regenerates the strata of the epidermis.

 

 

24) Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

Solution: In deep wound healing, a blood clot forms during the inflammatory response and loosely unites the wound edges. Then in the migratory phase the clot becomes a scab and epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound. Fibroblasts migrate along fibrin threads and begin synthesizing scar tissue and damaged blood vessels begin to regrow. During this phase, the tissue filling the wound is called granulation tissue. The proliferative phase is characterized by extensive growth of epithelial cells beneath the scab, deposition by fibroblasts of collagen fibers in random patterns, and continued growth of blood vessels. During the maturation phase, the scab sloughs off once the epidermis has been restored to normal thickness. Collagen fibers become more organized, fibroblasts decrease in number and blood vessels are restored to normal.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

25) In which type of scar does the scar tissue extend beyond the boundary of the injury into normal tissue?

 

  1. a) Hypertrophic scar
  2. b) Keloid scar
  3. c) Proliferative scar
  4. d) Inhibitory scar
  5. e) Granuloma

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

 

 

26) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the sebaceous gland?

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) H

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

27) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the apocrine sweat gland?

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) H

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

28) In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) None of these answer choices are correct.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

29) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the reticular region of the dermis?

 

  1. a) E
  2. b) F
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) A

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

30) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the arrector pili muscle?

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

31) In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is the stratum spinosum?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of the skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

32) In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of the skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

33) In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is the stratum basale?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) D
  4. d) E
  5. e) F

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the general structure of the skin.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

34) In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cortex?

 

  1. a) B
  2. b) C
  3. c) D
  4. d) E
  5. e) F

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

35) In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the dermal root sheath?

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

36) In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cuticle of the hair?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

37) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the eponychium (cuticle)?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

38) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the hyponychium (nail bed)?

 

  1. a) B
  2. b) C
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

39) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail root?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) C
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

40) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail matrix?

 

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) C
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

41) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the lunula?

 

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

42) Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

 

  1. a) Blood clot is forming.
  2. b) New collagen fibers are forming.
  3. c) Damaged blood vessels are being repaired.
  4. d) Epithelium is migrating across wound.
  5. e) Scar tissue is forming.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

 

 

43) Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below has phagocytic properties?

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) E
  3. c) F
  4. d) All of these answer choices are correct.
  5. e) Both E and F

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

 

 

44) Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point A in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

 

  1. a) Blood clot is forming.
  2. b) New collagen fibers are forming.
  3. c) Damaged blood vessels are being repaired.
  4. d) Epithelium is migrating across wound.
  5. e) Scar tissue is forming.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

45) Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that contribute to its ability to protect the surface of an animal.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

Solution: Multiple layers of cells in stratified squamous epithelium help resist friction. Keratin of intermediate filaments provides strength to tissue by binding cells tightly together and to underlying tissue, thus creating a barrier to microbes. Lamellar granules of keratinocytes produce a lipid‑rich, water‑repellent (sealant) to protect from dehydration and entry of foreign materials. Melanin, produced by melanocytes, protects underlying tissue from UV light. Sebum secreted onto the surface helps protect from dehydration and microbial invasion. Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) participate in immune response to microbial invasion.

 

 

46) Describe the major differences between thin skin and thick skin.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.3 Compare structural and functional differences in thin and thick skin.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.3 Types of Skin

Solution: Thick skin is found on palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles, while thin skin is found in all other areas. Thick skin is 4-5× thicker than thin skin. The stratum lucidum is present exclusively in thick skin. Also, the stratum spinosum and stratum corneum are thicker in thick skin. Thick skin exhibits epidermal ridges, more sweat glands and a higher density of sensory receptors. Thin skin has hair follicles and sebaceous glands, while thick skin does not.

 

 

47) John has just been brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a chemical plant. He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms and trunk. What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks to John’s life have resulted from this damage?

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.5 Explain how epidermal wounds and deep wounds heal.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing

Solution: John has lost approximately 27% of his skin’s surface area (according to the Rule of Nines), which leads to severe systemic effects. The epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer and associated structures have been destroyed. Sensory function is lost. Loss of epidermis (and so, lost keratin and Langerhans cells) makes John susceptible to microbial invasion. Loss of keratinized structures and lamellar granules allows for extreme loss of water, plasma, and plasma proteins, which causes shock; leading to dehydration, reduced blood volume and circulation, decreased urine output and diminished immune responses.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

48) Which structure is an eccrine sweat gland?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) F
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) I

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory structures of the Skin

 

 

49) Which structures are dermal papillae?

 

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) F
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) I

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory structures of the Skin

 

 

50) The corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) would be found in which region of the skin shown in the figure?

 

  1. a) B
  2. b) D
  3. c) E
  4. d) J
  5. e) None of these answer choices are correct.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory structures of the Skin

 

 

51) Which letter is pointing to the subcutaneous layer of the skin in the figure?

 

 

  1. a) C
  2. b) E
  3. c) B
  4. d) J
  5. e) I

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.2 Compare the composition of the papillary and reticular regions of the dermis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

52) Which structure in the figure is a receptor sensitive to pressure?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) G
  3. c) F
  4. d) H
  5. e) I

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory structures of the Skin

 

 

53) Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) G
  3. c) F
  4. d) H
  5. e) J

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of Skin

 

 

54) Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) G

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how skin contributes to the regulation of body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of Skin

 

 

55) Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation o body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

Section Reference 2: Sec 5.4 Functions of Skin

 

 

56) Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) G

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 1: SO 5.4 Describe how the skin contributes to the regulation o body temperature, storage of blood, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, and synthesis of vitamin D.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.4 Functions of Skin

 

 

57) In the diagram, which layer is the stratum granulosum?

 

  1. a) E
  2. b) F
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) I

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Learning Objective 2: 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

58) In the diagram, which layer is the stratum corneum?

 

  1. a) E
  2. b) F
  3. c) G
  4. d) H
  5. e) I

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Learning Objective 2: 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

59) In the diagram, which is the hair matrix?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) G

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

60) In the diagram, which is a melanocyte?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

61) In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) C
  3. c) E
  4. d) F
  5. e) G

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

62) Which condition is due to a buildup of bilirubin pigment in the skin?

 

  1. a) hirsutism
  2. b) pallor
  3. c) jaundice
  4. d) androgenic alopecia
  5. e) erythema

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.3 Explain the basis for different skin colors.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

63) Which of the following terms refers to paleness of the skin such as seen in patients with shock or anemia?

 

  1. a) hirsutism
  2. b) pallor
  3. c) jaundice
  4. d) androgenic alopecia
  5. e) erythema

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.3 Explain the basis for different skin colors.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

64) Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

 

  1. a) hirsutism
  2. b) pallor
  3. c) jaundice
  4. d) male-pattern baldness
  5. e) erythema

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

65) Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of redness, blistering, and extreme itching?

 

  1. a) papule
  2. b) laceration
  3. c) keratosis
  4. d) frostbite
  5. e) eczema

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.8 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect the integumentary system.

Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Integumentary System

 

 

66) Which of the following terms refers to a hardened and thickened area of skin resulting from persistent pressure and friction?

 

  1. a) callus
  2. b) blister
  3. c) wart
  4. d) papule
  5. e) fever blister

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.8 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect the integumentary Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Integumentary System

 

 

67) Which of the following terms refers to an irregular tear of the skin?

 

  1. a) abrasion
  2. b) papule
  3. c) keloid
  4. d) laceration
  5. e) cyst

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.8 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect the integumentary Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Integumentary System

 

 

68) Which of the following terms refers to reddened, elevated, and itchy patches of skin commonly caused by emotional stress, physical trauma, or certain food allergies?

 

  1. a) wart
  2. b) hives
  3. c) papule
  4. d) cyst
  5. e) eczema

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.8 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect the integumentary

Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Integumentary System

 

 

70) You stepped on a nail. List the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis.

 

  1. a) basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum
  2. b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale
  3. c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
  4. d) corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
  5. e) corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.1 Describe the layers of the epidermis and the cells that compose them.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

71) Which of the following is NOT a homeostatic contribution of skin?

 

  1. a) Help provide calcium ions needed for muscle contraction
  2. b) Provide sensory input to the brain
  3. c) Help activate vitamin B
  4. d) Help activate vitamins D
  5. e) Thermoregulation

 

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.8 Describe how the integumentary system contributes to homeostasis.

Section Reference 1: Sec Focus on Homeostasis: The Integumentary System.

 

 

72) “Goose bumps” are caused by

 

  1. a) action of arrector pili muscles.
  2. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands.
  3. c) contraction of dermal papillae.
  4. d) stimulation of hair root plexus.
  5. e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

73) Describe the structure and function of the different types of exocrine glands found in the skin

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 5.2 Contrast the structure, distribution, and functions of hair, skin glands, and nails.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

Solution: Sebaceous glands are oil glands. They are connected to hair follicles (with few exceptions). The secreting portion lies in the dermis and opens into the neck of a hair follicle. They are absent in the palms and soles. The secretory product of sebaceous gland is known as sebum. Sebum prevents the hair from drying and becoming brittle. Sudoriferous glands are sweat glands. They release sweat into hair follicles or onto the skin surface through pores. There are two types of sweat glands: Eccrine and Apocrine. Eccrine sweat glands are distributed throughout the skin including the palm and the soles. The sweat produced by these glands contains water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose and lactic acid. The main function of eccrine glands is to regulate body temperature. Apocrine sweat glands are predominantly found in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae and the bearded region of the face. The sweat produced by apocrine glands is lightly viscous and appears milky or yellowish in color. They contain similar type of material found in eccrine glands with an addition of lipids and proteins. Upon interaction with bacteria on the surface of the skin, the components are metabolized causing the distinct body odor. Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands found in the external ear. They produce the ear wax knows as cerumen which is a combined secretion of ceruminous and sebaceous glands.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

74) Which of the following chemicals does NOT contribute to the color of human skin?

 

  1. a) carotene
  2. b) hemoglobin
  3. c) pheomelanin
  4. d) eumelanin
  5. e) melatonin

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.1 Describe the composition of the epidermis and dermis.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.1.3 Explain the basis for different skin colors.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.1 Structure of the Skin

 

 

75) From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

 

  1. a) Endoderm
  2. b) Ectoderm
  3. c) Mesoderm
  4. d) All of these choices are correct.
  5. e) Both endoderm and ectoderm.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 5.6 Describe the development of and the effects of aging on the integumentary system.

Study Objective 2: SO 5.6.1 Describe the development of the epidermis, its accessory structures, and the dermis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 5.6 Development of the Integumentary System

 

 

 

 

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: pap15

Chapter Number: 19

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

1) Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?

 

  1. a) Transportation of nutrients
  2. b) Regulation of blood pH
  3. c) Protection against infectious disease
  4. d) Transportation of heat
  5. e) Production of oxygen

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

2) Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding blood?

 

  1. a) The normal average temperature of blood is around 100.4o
  2. b) The normal pH range for blood is 7.35-7.45.
  3. c) Hemocytoblasts are a common component of circulating blood.
  4. d) The primary circulating blood cell is the RBC.
  5. e) Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and a liquid extracellular matrix.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

3) The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by

 

  1. a) WBCs.
  2. b) platelets.
  3. c) RBCs.
  4. d) plasma.
  5. e) plasma proteins.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

4) What percentage of blood plasma is water?

 

  1. a) 95.1%
  2. b) 91.5%
  3. c) 88.5%
  4. d) 4.9%
  5. e) 8.5%

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

5) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?

 

  1. a) Albumin
  2. b) Globulins
  3. c) Fibrinogen
  4. d) Myoglobin
  5. e) Hemoglobin

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

6) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

 

  1. a) Albumin
  2. b) Globulins
  3. c) Fibrinogen
  4. d) Prostaglandins
  5. e) None of these choices

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

7) The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called

 

  1. a) hematospermia.
  2. b) hemopoiesis.
  3. c) thrombocytosis.
  4. d) hemostasis.
  5. e) polycythemia.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

8) A megakaryoblast will develop into

 

  1. a) a red blood cell.
  2. b) a white blood cell.
  3. c) a platelet.
  4. d) either a white blood cell or a platelet.
  5. e) none of these choices.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

9) During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into

 

  1. a) proerythroblasts.
  2. b) T lymphoblasts.
  3. c) B lymphoblasts.
  4. d) NK lymphoblasts.
  5. e) all of these choices.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

10) Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?

 

  1. a) erythropoietin (EPO)
  2. b) thrombopoietin (TPO)
  3. c) human growth hormone (hGH)
  4. d) calcitonin (CT)
  5. e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

11) Approximately, how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC?

 

  1. a) 50 million
  2. b) 100 million
  3. c) 280 million
  4. d) 320 million
  5. e) 430 million

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

 

 

12) Ferritin is a protein used to

 

  1. a) transport iron in the blood.
  2. b) store iron in the liver.
  3. c) oxidize iron in the peroxisomes.
  4. d) synthesize iron.
  5. e) absorb iron across intestinal cells.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

 

 

13) The major function of red blood cells is

 

  1. a) nutrient transport.
  2. b) cytokine stimulation.
  3. c) blood cell proliferation.
  4. d) gas transport.
  5. e) disease resistance.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

 

 

14) Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a red blood cell loses its nucleus and becomes a

 

  1. a) proerythroblast.
  2. b) megakaryocyte.
  3. c) progenitor cell.
  4. d) mature erythrocyte.
  5. e) reticulocyte.

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

 

 

15) Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte?

 

  1. a) Neutrophil
  2. b) Platelet
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) Erythrocyte

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

16) Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?

 

  1. a) Erythrocyte
  2. b) Platelet
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) Neutrophil

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets

 

 

17) Which of the following blood cells release granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions?

 

  1. a) Eosinophil
  2. b) Monocyte
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) Neutrophil

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

18) Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms?

 

  1. a) Eosinophil
  2. b) Monocyte
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) Neutrophil

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

19) Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders?

 

  1. a) Eosinophil
  2. b) Macrophage
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) Platelet

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

20) Which of the following cells is NOT an agranular leukocyte?

 

  1. a) Monocytes
  2. b) Macrophage
  3. c) Lymphocyte
  4. d) Basophil
  5. e) All of these choices

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

21) The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called

 

  1. a) emigration.
  2. b) diaphysis.
  3. c) adhesion.
  4. d) opsonization.
  5. e) phagocytosis.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

22) Which of the following chemical substances are NOT commonly released by mast cells?

 

  1. a) Heparin
  2. b) Histamine
  3. c) Nitric oxide
  4. d) Proteases
  5. e) All of these choices

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

23) Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?

 

  1. a) Erythropoietin
  2. b) Thrombopoietin
  3. c) Nitric oxide
  4. d) Human growth hormone
  5. e) Heparin

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets

 

 

24) Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?

 

  1. a) vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemia
  2. b) hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation
  3. c) emigration, clotting, hemolysis
  4. d) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting
  5. e) anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

25) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of

 

  1. a) thromboplastin.
  2. b) prothrombinase.
  3. c) clotting factor XII.
  4. d) fibrin.
  5. e) tissue factor.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

26) Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?

 

  1. a) Factor V
  2. b) Factor VII
  3. c) Factor XI
  4. d) Factor XIII
  5. e) Factor XIV

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

27) Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?

 

  1. a) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
  2. b) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
  3. c) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
  4. d) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

 

 

28) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?

 

  1. a) Heparin
  2. b) Fibrinogen
  3. c) Plasmin
  4. d) Antithrombin
  5. e) Prostacyclin

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

29) Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?

 

  1. a) Heparin
  2. b) Fibrinogen
  3. c) Thromboxane A2
  4. d) Prostacyclin
  5. e) Plasmin

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

30) Which of the cells in the diagram will eventually develop into macrophages?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

31) Which of the cells in the diagram will increase the number of nuclear lobes as they age?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

32) Which of the cells in the diagram can be subdivided into categories of small and large versions of this cell type?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

33) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) Both B and C
  5. e) All of these choices

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

34) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a pluripotent stem cell?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) G

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

35) Which letter in the diagram indicates the correct position of a myeloid stem cell?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) G

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

36) Which labeled cell in the diagram will develop into thrombocytes?

 

  1. a) G
  2. b) J
  3. c) K
  4. d) L
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

37) What is this figure demonstrating?

 

  1. a) Erythropoiesis
  2. b) RBC differentiation
  3. c) Emigration
  4. d) Clot formation
  5. e) Clot retraction

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

38) What does this figure represent?

 

  1. a) Erythropoiesis
  2. b) RBC differentiation
  3. c) Emigration
  4. d) Clot formation
  5. e) Clot retraction

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

39) Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

 

  1. a) anti-A
  2. b) anti-B
  3. c) anti-A and anti-B
  4. d) No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens
  5. e) Not enough information to answer

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

 

 

40) What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) O
  4. d) AB
  5. e) Not enough information is provided to answer question.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

41) List and briefly describe the major functions of blood.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

Solution: 1) Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones and heat; 2) Regulation of pH via buffers, body temperature via properties of water in plasma, and water balance via osmotic pressure created by plasma proteins; 3)Protection via clotting, antibodies, phagocytosis, and complement.

 

 

42) Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

Solution: Hypoxia in the kidney leads to secretion of erythropoietin, which targets proerythroblasts in red bone marrow to mature into reticulocytes, which enter circulation to become red blood cells thus increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Tissue hypoxia is induced by any form of anemia (reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood), or when oxygen levels in the external environment are low (e.g., high altitudes). High levels of reticulocytes in the circulation are a strong indicator of increased erythropoiesis.

 

 

43) Explain the proposed role of hemoglobin in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

Solution: The gaseous hormone nitric oxide (NO), produced by the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, binds to hemoglobin. Under some circumstances, hemoglobin releases NO. The released NO causes vasodilation, an increase in blood vessel diameter that occurs when the smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes. Vasodilation improves blood flow and enhances oxygen delivery to cells near the site of NO release.

 

 

44) Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

Solution: Blood may come in contact with collagen in the surrounding basal lamina, which activates clotting factor XII, which ultimately leads to the formation of fibrin clots. Platelets also adhere to collagen exposed by damage to the endothelium and begin their release reaction

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

45) When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged as shown in the figure, which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?

 

  1. a) plasma
  2. b) red blood cells
  3. c) platelets
  4. d) buffy coat
  5. e) white blood cells

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

46) What is the normal concentration range of the formed element that comprises the blood component labeled III in the figure?

 

  1. a) 400,000–1 million cells/μL
  2. b) 150–200 cells/μL
  3. c) 4.8–4 million cells/μL
  4. d) 150,000–400,000 cells/μL
  5. e) 5,000–10,000 cells/μL

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

47) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

 

  1. a) eosinophils
  2. b) monocytes
  3. c) lymphocytes
  4. d) neutrophils
  5. e) basophils

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

48) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

 

  1. a) eosinophils
  2. b) monocytes
  3. c) lymphocytes
  4. d) neutrophils
  5. e) basophils

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

49) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labeled I in the figure?

 

  1. a) globulin
  2. b) albumin
  3. c) fibrinogen
  4. d) thrombin
  5. e) keratin

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

50) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure?

 

  1. a) globulin
  2. b) albumin
  3. c) fibrinogen
  4. d) all of the protein listed are found in equal percentages
  5. e) none of proteins listed are found in component I

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood

 

 

51) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to neutrophils?

 

  1. a) Megakaryoblast
  2. b) Proerythroblast
  3. c) T lymphoblast
  4. d) Monoblast
  5. e) Myeloblast

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

52) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets?

 

  1. a) Megakaryoblast
  2. b) Proerythroblast
  3. c) T lymphoblast
  4. d) Monoblast
  5. e) Myeloblast

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

53) Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes?

 

  1. a) Platelets
  2. b) Erythrocytes
  3. c) T lymphocytes
  4. d) Monocytes
  5. e) Basophils

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

54) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes?

 

  1. a) Proerythroblast
  2. b) Megakaryoblast
  3. c) Lymphoblast
  4. d) Myeloblast
  5. e) None of the selections are correct.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

55) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes?

 

  1. a) Proerythroblast
  2. b) Megakaryoblast
  3. c) Lymphoblast
  4. d) Myeloblast
  5. e) None of the selections are correct.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells

 

 

56) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate bacterial infection, stress, or inflammation?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

57) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate viral infections?

 

  1. a) A & B
  2. b) B & C
  3. c) C & D
  4. d) D & E
  5. e) E & C

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

58) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate parasitic infection or autoimmune disease?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

59) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate cancer or hypothyroidism?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

60) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate fungal infection?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

61) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate pregnancy, ovulation, or hyperthyroidism?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

62) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate radiation exposure, or systemic lupus erythromatosus?

 

  1. a) A
  2. b) B
  3. c) C
  4. d) D
  5. e) E

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

63) Low counts of which two cell types shown in the figure may result from treatment with cortisol?

 

  1. a) A & B
  2. b) B & C
  3. c) C & D
  4. d) D & E
  5. e) E & C

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells

 

 

64) Serum is

 

  1. a) the same as plasma.
  2. b) plasma without the clotting factors.
  3. c) the same as lymph.
  4. d) formed during the first step in blood clotting.
  5. e) pulmonary interstitial fluid.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

 

 

65) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production in the stomach results in condition called

 

  1. a) hemorrhagic anemia.
  2. b) aplastic anemia.
  3. c) megaloblastic anemia.
  4. d) pernicious anemia.
  5. e) iron deficiency anemia.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

 

 

66) Destruction of red bone marrow due to radiation results in

 

  1. a) hemorrhagic anemia.
  2. b) aplastic anemia.
  3. c) megaloblastic anemia.
  4. d) pernicious anemia.
  5. e) iron deficiency anemia.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

 

 

67) A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called

 

  1. a) hemorrhagic anemia.
  2. b) aplastic anemia.
  3. c) megaloblastic anemia.
  4. d) pernicious anemia.
  5. e) iron deficiency anemia.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

 

 

68) Anemia is defined as

 

  1. a) a condition where blood does not clot properly.
  2. b) a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response.
  3. c) a condition where there is excessive bleeding.
  4. d) a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced.
  5. e) none of these choices.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood

 

 

Question type: Essay

 

 

69) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis

Solution: 1) Vascular spasm occurs when circularly arranged smooth muscles in arteriole walls contract to reduce blood loss. 2) Platelet plug formation starts when platelets making contact with collagen fibers from a damaged vessel. This will initiate a series of reactions, which leads to platelet activation and the release of their vesicular content that ultimately attracts more platelets to the area, eventually leading to the formation of a plug over the damaged area. 3) Blood clotting involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions following platelet plug formation. The clot enables the damaged vessel to heal and repair properly.

 

 

Question type: Multiple Choice

 

 

70) The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is

 

  1. a) 4 to 5 years.
  2. b) 4 to 5 hours.
  3. c) 5 to 9 days.
  4. d) 120 days.
  5. e) 120 weeks.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells

 

 

71) Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and thromobocytes?

 

  1. a) no nucleus
  2. b) large segmented nucleus
  3. c) cytoplasmic granules
  4. d) lifespan of 5 to 9 days
  5. e) develop from myeloblasts
  6. f) more than one answer selection is correct

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets

 

 

72) Which of the following formed elements in blood are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in the circulation?

 

  1. a) erythrocytes
  2. b) thrombocytes
  3. c) monocytes
  4. d) basophils
  5. e) eosinophils

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets

 

 

73) A cord-blood transplant involves obtaining the stem cells to transplant into the diseased patient from

 

  1. a) the spermatic cord of a donor’s testes.
  2. b) the spinal cord of the patient.
  3. c) the umbilical cord of a donor shortly after birth.
  4. d) the irradiated bone marrow of the patient.
  5. e) the spinal cord of an aborted fetus.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.6 Explain the importance of bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.6 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord Blood

 

 

74) If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood, which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?

 

  1. a) Agglutination (clumping) of the transfused blood cells.
  2. b) Complement-induced hemolysis of the transfused blood cells.
  3. c) Released hemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys.
  4. d) More than one of the answer selection is correct.
  5. e) No adverse reactions would occur.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

 

 

75) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum, but not by anti-Rh serum?

 

  1. a) AB negative
  2. b) AB positive
  3. c) O negative
  4. d) O positive
  5. e) None of the selections are correct

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.

Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion.

Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types

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