Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist 6th Edition By Ibsen RDH MS - Test Bank

Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist 6th Edition By Ibsen RDH MS – Test Bank

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Ibsen: Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 6th Edition

Chapter 5: Developmental Disorders

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Which term describes a disorder present at and existing from the time of birth?

a. Anomaly c. Congenital
b. Inherited d. Developmental

ANS: C

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A An anomaly is a marked deviation from normal that can be the result of congenital or hereditary defects.
B Inherited disorders are caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup transmitted from parent to offspring.
C Correct! A congenital disorder is present at and existing from the time of birth.
D Developmental disorders occur when failure or disturbances occur during the complex series of cell division, multiplication, or differentiation.

REF: 155-156

2.Which term describes partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth?

a. Anodontia c. Hypodontia
b. Ankylosed d. Gemination

ANS: C

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A Anodontia is the congenital lack of teeth.
B Ankylosed teeth are those fused to alveolar bone, usually retained deciduous teeth.
C Correct! Hypodontia defines partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth.
D Gemination occurs when a single tooth germ attempts to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth.

REF: 155 | 169

3.Which epithelial lined tract is a developmental anomaly located in the corners of the mouth?

a. Commissural lip pit c. Fistula
b. Angular cheilitis d. Congenital lip pit

ANS: A

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A Correct! The commissural lip pits are epithelial lined blind tracts located in the corners of the mouth.
B Angular cheilitis is often caused by Candida organisms. It appears as erythema or fissuring at the labial commissures.
C A fistula is a drainage tract from an area of infection.
D A congenital lip pit occurs near the midline of the vermilion boarder of the lip, and it appears as a depression.

REF: 159

4.The formation of dentin is called:

a. amelogenesis. c. dens in dente.
b. dentinogenesis. d. odontogenesis.

ANS: B

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A Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel.
B Correct! Dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin.
C Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly called a tooth within a tooth.
D Odontogenesis is tooth development in the human embryo.

REF: 155 | 157

5.The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the:

a. mandibular process. c. median nasal process.
b. frontal process. d. globular process.

ANS: A

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A Correct! The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the mandibular process.
B The frontal process is a structure above the first branchial arch.
C The median nasal process develops from the frontal process.
D The globular process develops from the median nasal process.

REF: 156

6.The body of the tongue develops from the:

a. frontal process. c. second branchial arch.
b. first branchial arch. d. third branchial arch.

ANS: B

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A The frontal process is above the first branchial arch.
B Correct! The body of the tongue develops from the first branchial arch.
C The second and third branchial arches form the base of the tongue.
D The third and second branchial arches form the base of the tongue.

REF: 156

7.Which term defines the joining of two adjacent teeth by cementum only?

a. Twinning c. Cementogenesis
b. Concrescence d. Fusion

ANS: B

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A Twinning occurs when a single tooth germ begins to divide, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth.
B Correct! Concrescence is the joining of two or more adjacent teeth by cementum.
C Cementogenesis is the formation of cementum.
D Fusion is the union of two adjacent tooth germs.

REF: 155 | 172

8.Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at:

a. 3 weeks. c. 5 months.
b. 5 weeks. d. 1 month.

ANS: B

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A The face begins proliferation and differentiation at 3 weeks.
B Correct! Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at 5 weeks.
C Formation of hard dental tissues begins at 5 months.
D There is no initial odontogenesis at 1 month in utero.

REF: 157

9. 

This patient exhibits an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by the short lingual frenum. You suspect:

a. ankyloglossia. c. lingual thyroid.
b. frenectomy. d. total ankyloglossia.

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! Ankyloglossia is an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by a short lingual frenum.
B A frenectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove a portion of the lingual frenum in the treatment of ankyloglossia.
C Lingual thyroid is a smooth nodular mass at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae and near the midline.
D Total ankyloglossia rarely occurs.

REF: 158

10.Clinically the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass:

a. at the base of the dorsal tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
b. on the anterior ventral tongue.
c. on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue.
d. anterior to the circumvallate papillae.

ANS: A

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A Correct! Clinically the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass at the base of the dorsal tongue, posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
B The lingual thyroid nodule is not found on the anterior ventral tongue.
C The lingual thyroid nodule is not found on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue.
D The lingual thyroid nodule is not found anterior to the circumvallate papillae.

REF: 159

11.The most common cyst observed in the oral cavity is caused by pulpal inflammation and is called a/an:

a. dentigerous cyst. c. radicular cyst.
b. eruption cyst. d. primordial cyst.

ANS: C

Feedback
A A dentigerous cyst forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth.
B An eruption cyst is found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth.
C Correct! The radicular cyst is the most common cyst observed in the oral cavity. It is caused by pulpal inflammation.
D A primordial cyst develops in place of a tooth, usually the third molar or posterior to an erupted third molar.

REF: 159

12. 

This unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted second premolar is most likely a:

a. normal developmental sac. c. primordial cyst.
b. dentigerous cyst. d. lateral periodontal cyst.

ANS: B

Feedback
A A normal developmental sac has a much smaller radiolucency around the crown.
B Correct! A dentigerous cyst is a well-defined unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted tooth.
C A primordial cyst develops in place of a tooth.
D The lateral periodontal cyst is most often seen in the mandibular cuspid and premolar region.

REF: 159-161

13.This cyst is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrence rate.

a. Radicular cyst c. Dentigerous cyst
b. Residual cyst d. Odontogenic keratocyst

ANS: D

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A The radicular cyst is caused by pulpal inflammation.
B The residual cyst remains after the extraction of the tooth with the radicular cyst. The radicular cyst is left behind and not removed.
C The dentigerous cyst is treated by complete removal of the cyst and the tooth involved.
D Correct! The odontogenic keratocyst is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrent rate.

REF: 161

14.The lateral periodontal cyst occurs most often on the lateral aspect of a tooth root, which is usually the:

a. mandibular third molar. c. mandibular cuspid/premolars.
b. maxillary premolars. d. maxillary anteriors.

ANS: C

Feedback
A The mandibular third molar is not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst.
B Maxillary premolars are not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst.
C Correct! The mandibular cuspid/premolar area is the most common site for the lateral periodontal cyst.
D Maxillary anteriors are not the site for a lateral periodontal cyst.

REF: 163

15.Radiographically this radiolucent cyst is often heart shaped that is caused by the anatomic Y shape of the area.

a. Nasopalatine canal cyst c. Nasolabial cyst
b. Median palatine cyst d. Globulomaxillary cyst

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! The nasopalatine canal cyst is often heart shaped.
B The median palatine cyst appears as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency in the midline of the palate.
C The nasolabial cyst is a soft tissue cyst with no alveolar bone involvement.
D The globulomaxillary cyst is a well-defined pear-shaped radiolucency found between the roots of the maxillary lateral and cuspid.

REF: 164

16.This cyst has a strong predilection for females.

a. Lateral periodontal cyst c. Nasolabial cyst
b. Nasopalatine canal cyst d. Gingival cyst

ANS: C

Feedback
A The lateral periodontal cyst is most often found in males.
B The nasopalatine canal cyst has a predilection for males.
C Correct! The nasolabial cyst has a strong predilection for females.
D The gingival cyst has no sex predilection.

REF: 165

17.Which one of the following is not true about the thyroglossal tract cyst?

a. It is found in individuals younger than 20 years.
b. There is no sex predilection.
c. Clinically it is located below the hyoid bone.
d. Conservative nonsurgical treatment is sufficient.

ANS: D

Feedback
A The thyroglossal tract cyst is found in individuals younger than 20 years.
B The thyroglossal tract cyst has no sex predilection.
C Clinically the thyroglossal tract cyst is located below the hyoid bone.
D Correct! Treatment of the thyroglossal tract cyst requires complete excision of the cyst and tract, usually including part of the hyoid bone and muscle within the tract.

REF: 166

18.Which one of the following is not considered a pseudocyst?

a. Thyroglossal tract cyst c. Simple bone cyst
b. Static bone cyst d. Aneurysmal bone cyst

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! The thyroglossal tract cyst can be lined by various types of epithelium.
B The static bone cyst is not lined with epithelium.
C The simple bone cyst is not lined with epithelium.
D An aneurysmal bone cyst is a pseudocyst that contains blood-filled spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and fibrous connective tissue.

REF: 166-167

19.This pseudocyst is filled with salivary gland tissue that may be an extension of the sublingual gland.

a. Ranula c. Lymphoepithelial cyst
b. Static bone cyst d. Traumatic bone cyst

ANS: B

Feedback
A The ranula histologically is a mucocele or a mucous cyst. It occurs unilaterally on the floor of the mouth and is caused by obstruction of the duct.
B Correct! The static bone cyst is a pseudocyst filled with salivary gland tissue that may be an extension of the sublingual gland.
C Lymphoepithelial cysts are not pseudocysts. They are commonly found in major salivary glands.
D Traumatic bone cyst is a pseudocyst. Surgical intervention reveals a void within the bone.

REF: 168

20.Total hypodontia is often associated with a hereditary disturbance called:

a. taurodontism. c. ectodermal dysplasia.
b. amelogenesis imperfecta. d. cleidocranial dysplasia.

ANS: C

Feedback
A Taurodontism is a genetic heterogeneous condition characterized by very large pyramid-shaped molars with large pulp chambers.
B Amelogenesis imperfecta is a group of inherited conditions affecting the enamel of teeth.
C Correct! Total hypodontia may be associated with a hereditary disturbance called ectodermal dysplasia.
D In cleidocranial dysplasia the patient has numerous supernumerary teeth.

REF: 169

21.The most common supernumerary tooth is called:

a. distomolar. c. mulberry molar.
b. mesiodens. d. Turner tooth.

ANS: B

Feedback
A The second most common supernumerary tooth is the fourth molar, or distomolar.
B Correct! The mesiodens is the most common supernumerary tooth.
C The mulberry molar is seen in congenital syphilis.
D Turner tooth is enamel hypoplasia that occurs on a permanent tooth as a result of infection on a deciduous tooth.

REF: 169

22. 

The supernumerary tooth in this illustration is called:

a. mesiodens. c. twinning.
b. dilaceration. d. gemination.

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth found between the maxillary central incisors.
B Dilaceration is a sharp bend or curve in the root of a tooth.
C Twinning is when a single tooth germ attempts to divide.
D Gemination is the same as twinning (i.e., a single tooth germ attempts to divide).

REF: 169 | 171

23.Nonerupted supernumerary teeth should be extracted because of the following risk.

a. Malignant tumor development c. Internal resorption
b. Cysts around the crowns d. Condensing osteitis

ANS: B

Feedback
A Supernumerary teeth do not develop into malignant tumors.
B Correct! Nonerupted supernumerary teeth should be extracted because of the risk of developing cysts around the crowns.
C Internal resorption is an inflammatory reaction in an erupted tooth.
D Condensing osteitis appears radiographically as a radiopaque area near the apices of teeth thought to be a reaction to low-grade infection.

REF: 169

24.For which condition would pulp vitality be nonvital?

a. Radicular cyst c. Median palatal cyst
b. Median mandibular cyst d. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

ANS: A

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A Correct! The radicular cyst occurs at the root of a nonvital tooth.
B Teeth surrounding the median mandibular cyst would be vital.
C Teeth surrounding the medial palatal cyst would be vital.
D In periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia all teeth are vital.

REF: 159

25.Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly often seen with:

a. extra cusps. c. tuberculated premolars.
b. a periapical lesion. d. supernumerary roots.

ANS: B

Feedback
A Dens evaginatus is an accessory occlusal cusp found on mandibular premolars.
B Correct! Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly often seen with a periapical lesion.
C Tuberculated premolars occurs when the mandibular premolars are affected with dens evaginatus.
D Dens in dente does not exhibit evidence of supernumerary roots.

REF: 175

26.Which tooth is most commonly affected by dens in dente?

a. Maxillary central c. Maxillary lateral
b. Mandibular lateral d. A supernumerary tooth

ANS: C

Feedback
A The maxillary central is not the most common tooth seen with dens in dente.
B The mandibular lateral is not the most common tooth seen with dens in dente.
C Correct! The maxillary lateral is the most common tooth affected by dens in dente.
D A supernumerary tooth is not seen with dens in dente.

REF: 175

27.Another name for dens invaginatus is:

a. taurodontism. c. dens evaginatus.
b. dens in dente. d. enamel pearl.

ANS: B

Feedback
A Taurodontism is a developmental anomaly in which teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots.
B Correct! Dens in dente is another name for dens invaginatus.
C Dens evaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly in which an enamel cusp is found on the occlusal surface of mandibular premolars.
D Enamel pearl or enameloma is a projection of enamel found on the furcation area of maxillary molars.

REF: 175

28.

The developmental anomaly seen in this radiograph is:

a. taurodontism.
b. mulberry molar.
c. supernumerary roots on the premolars.
d. dilaceration.

ANS: C

Feedback
A Taurodontism, or bull’s teeth, shows large pulp chambers and short roots not seen in this radiograph.
B Mulberry molars result from congenital syphilis. Small globules of enamel make up the occlusal surface of the first molar.
C Correct! This radiograph shows supernumerary roots on the mandibular premolars.
D Dilaceration is a sharp bend or curve in the root.

REF: 176-177

29. 

This radiograph clearly shows which developmental anomaly?

a. Dens in dente c. Caries
b. Periapical (PAP) d. Open contacts

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! The radiograph shows dens in dente in a maxillary lateral incisor.
B PAP is associated with dens in dente in the radiograph, but it is not a developmental anomaly.
C Caries is not a developmental anomaly.
D Open contacts are the result of the peg-shaped crown.

REF: 175 | 177

30.Enamel hypoplasia is the result of a disturbance of or damage to ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation.Which one of the following would not be a factor?

a. Genetics
b. Ingestion of high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development
c. Vitamin deficiency during tooth development
d. Shingles

ANS: D

Feedback
A Genetic problems do cause enamel hypoplasia.
B High fluoride intake during tooth development does cause enamel hypoplasia.
C Vitamin deficiency during tooth development does cause enamel hypoplasia.
D Correct! Shingles is caused by the herpes zoster virus and is seen in adults.

REF: 177

31.Pitting is the most common type of enamel hypoplasia seen in patients who have which condition during tooth development?

a. Febrile illness
b. Drinking water with 2.4 ppm of fluoride during tooth development
c. Congenital syphilis
d. Herpes simplex

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! Febrile illnesses such as measles and chickenpox cause enamel hypoplasia showing pitting of the enamel.
B Drinking water with twice the recommended fluoride content causes mottling or discoloration of the enamel.
C Congenital syphilis causes mulberry molars and Hutchinson incisors.
D Herpes simplex is characterized by oral ulcers involving the soft tissues and not enamel hypoplasia.

REF: 177-178

32.Ingesting water with four times the amount of fluoride causes:

a. brown-to-black staining.
b. cusp fractures.
c. white spots on the middle third of smooth crowns.
d. increased dental caries.

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! Ingesting water with four times the amount of fluoride causes brown-to-black staining.
B The amount of fluoride ingested does not cause cusp fractures.
C White spots on the middle third of smooth crowns is enamel hypocalcification.
D Teeth affected by fluorosis are generally decay resistant.

REF: 178

33.Which one of the following defines a disturbance of the maturation of the enamel matrix?

a. Turner tooth c. Premature birth
b. Mulberry molar d. Enamel hypocalcification

ANS: D

Feedback
A Turner tooth results from enamel hypoplasia.
B Mulberry molar results from enamel hypoplasia associated with congenital syphilis.
C Premature birth can contribute to enamel hypoplasia.
D Correct! Enamel hypocalcification is a disturbance of the maturation of the enamel matrix.

REF: 179

34. 

The projection of white material seen at the furcation area in this maxillary molar is a developmental anomaly. You suspect

a. dens evaginatus. c. supernumerary cusp.
b. enamel pearl. d. calculus.

ANS: B

Feedback
A Dens evaginatus is an accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal surfaces of mandibular premolars.
B Correct! The enamel pearl is a projection of enamel caused by abnormal displacement of ameloblasts during tooth formation. It is found near the furcation in maxillary molars.
C A supernumerary cusp would be on or near the occlusal surface.
D Calculus is not a developmental anomaly.

REF: 174 | 176

35.Regional odontodysplasia is:

a. a decrease in radiodensity seen on one or more unerupted teeth in a quadrant.
b. a genetic condition.
c. caused by systemic illness.
d. most often seen in the mandible.

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! Regional odontodysplasia involves a decrease in radiodensity seen in one or more unerupted teeth in a quadrant.
B Regional odontodysplasia is not a genetic condition.
C Regional odontodysplasia is not caused by systemic illness.
D Regional odontodysplasia is more often seen in the anterior maxilla.

REF: 179

36.Impacted teeth cannot erupt because of:

a. lack of eruptive force. c. ankylosis.
b. physical obstruction. d. bone pathology.

ANS: B

Feedback
A Lack of eruptive force does not play a role in eruption of embedded teeth.
B Correct! Impacted teeth cannot erupt because of physical obstruction.
C A tooth is ankylosed if it is fused to bone. This condition is especially common with retained deciduous teeth.
D Bone pathology can affect the eruption of teeth, but it is not the main reason why impacted teeth do not erupt.

REF: 180

37.Regional odontodysplasia is also referred to as:

a. hypodontia. c. taurodontism.
b. ghost teeth. d. supernumerary teeth.

ANS: B

Feedback
A Hypodontia is the lack of one or more teeth.
B Correct! Regional odontodysplasia is also referred to as ghost teeth.
C Taurodontism is a term used to describe a developmental anomaly in which teeth exhibit elongated large pulp chambers and short roots.
D Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth (more than the normal number) found in the dental arches.

REF: 179

38. 

The pseudocyst seen in this radiograph is surrounded by salivary gland tissue. It is a/an:

a. simple bone cyst. c. traumatic bone cyst.
b. Stafne bone cyst. d. aneurysmal bone cyst.

ANS: B

Feedback
A A simple bone cyst is the same as a traumatic bone cyst that is characterized by a radiolucent lesion that scallops around the roots of teeth. It is a pseudocyst.
B Correct! Stafne bone cyst is a pseudocyst surrounded by salivary gland tissue.
C A traumatic bone cyst is the same as a simple bone cyst.
D An aneurysmal bone cyst is a pseudocyst that consists of blood-filled spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and fibrous connective tissue.

REF: 168

39. 

The pear-shaped radiolucency observed in this radiograph is most likely a:

a. radicular cyst. c. globulomaxillary cyst.
b. lateral periodontal cyst. d. nasopalatine canal cyst.

ANS: C

Feedback
A The radicular cyst is a root end cyst found at the apex of a tooth that is usually involved with caries.
B Correct! The globulomaxillary cyst is a pear-shaped radiolucency found between the roots of a maxillary lateral and cuspid.
C A lateral periodontal cyst is usually found between the roots of the mandibular cuspid and premolar.
D The nasopalatine canal cyst is usually heart shaped and found near the apices of the maxillary centrals, lingual aspect.

REF: 165

40.Multiple supernumerary teeth may be a component of which of the following?

a. Cleidocranial dysplasia c. Syphilis
b. Dermoid cyst d. Static bone cyst

ANS: A

Feedback
A Correct! Multiple supernumerary teeth may be a component of cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome, both described in Chapter 6.
B The dermoid cyst does not have teeth in the cyst wall.
C Children with congenital syphilis have mulberry molars and Hutchinson incisors but not supernumerary teeth.
D Static bone cyst has nothing to do with supernumerary teeth.

REF: 169

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