Nursing Theories Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Parker – Test Bank

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Chapter 5

Statement of Intent

This chapter provides a brief overview of each of three important 20th century nursing theorists:

Wiedenbach, Henderson, and Hall. The content of the chapter has been taken from that written

by scholars who have studied or worked with these theorists and who wrote chapters about each

for the first edition of Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. For a wealth of additional

information on these nurses, scholars, researchers, thinkers, writers, practitioners, and educators,

please consult the separate reference and bibliography sections at the end of the chapter.Chapter 5

Key Terms

Focus on patient Definitions of nursing

Important influences on nursing theory development Professional practice

Prescriptive theory Nursing practice theory

Goal-directed care Dynamic nursing

Motivating factors Care

Cure Core

Trade vs. profession Therapeutic effect

Definition of nursing Nursing functions

Caring based Basic nursing careChapter 5

Objectives

On completion of this chapter, students will be able to:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Describe the historical, educational, and career trajectories of each theorist.

Describe the impact that Wiedenbach, Henderson, and Hall had on the development of

nursing knowledge.

Discuss the relevance of the basic principles proposed by these theorists to the current

practice of nursing.

Identify the major contribution that each theorist to the development of nursing knowledge.

Explore and describe each theorist’s unique approach and process of developing a theoretical

framework for nursing practice.

Examine the theoretical perspectives of each theory and identify commonalities and

differences among the theories.Chapter 5

Outline

Introducing the Theorists

Ernestine Wiedenbach

Virginia Henderson

Lydia Hall

Introducing the Theories

Ernestine Wiedenbach

Prescriptive Theory

Central Purpose

Nurse’s Goals

Virginia Henderson

Function of Nursing

Definition of Nursing

Fourteen Components of Basic Nursing Care

Lydia Hall

Hall’s Care, Cure, and Core Model

Care

Cure

Core

Practice Applications

Ernestine Wiedenbach

A Concept of Dynamic NursingVirginia Henderson

Basic Principles of Nursing Care (1960)

The Nature of Nursing (1966)

Functions Pertaining to the Care of Patients

Definition of Nursing

Lydia Hall

Practice Exemplars

Practice Exemplar Wiedenbach

Practice Exemplar Henderson

Practice Exemplar Hall

Summary

ReferencesChapter 5

Questions for Classroom Discussion

1. 2. Virginia Henderson has been referred to as the modern-day Florence Nightingale.

Examining Henderson’s 14 components of basic nursing care, identify parallels in her

theoretical structure that are consistent with Nightingale’s theory of nursing.

Wiedenbach emphasized that the nurse’s goals are grounded in the nurse’s philosophy, or

“those beliefs and values that shape one’s attitude toward life, toward fellow human beings,

and toward herself.” Write a paragraph for each of the following philosophic considerations

that are relevant for nursing practice:

a. What is the nature of human beings?

b. What is the nature of nursing?

c. What is the focus of nursing?Chapter 5

Multiple-Choice Questions

(Answers appear in bold)

1. Wiedenbach explains her prescriptive theory in her book, Meeting the Realities in Clinical

Teaching (1969). Select the answer that represents the BEST explanation of her perspective

theory.

A. Nursing process allows the nurse to employ a standard process in selecting appropriate

interventions.

B. Account must be taken of the motivating factors that influence the nurse not only in

doing what she does but also in doing it the way she does it with the realities that exist in

the situation in which she is functioning.

C. This theory proposes 14 functional components of basic nursing care.

D. Nursing entails the diagnosis and treatment of illness.

2. Weidenbach proposes that there are three ingredients essential to the prescriptive theory.

Select the ONE answer that is NOT one of these essential ingredients.

A. The nurse’s central purpose in nursing is the nurse’s professional commitment.

B. The prescription indicates the broad general action that the nurse deems appropriate to

fulfillment of her central purpose.

C. The reality of nursing is that the charge of the nurse is to implement the orders

prescribed by the physician.

D. The realities are the aspects of the immediate nursing situation that influence the results the

nurse achieves through what she does.3. Which of the following theorists coined the term “basic nursing care”?

A. Wiedenbach

B. Henderson

C. Hall

D. None of the above.

4. Which of the following theorists founded the Loeb Center?

A. Wiedenbach

B. Henderson

C. Hall

D. None of the above.

5. Based on the assumption that nursing has a unique function, Henderson believed which of the

following?

A. Nursing functions to follow and implement the prescribed regimen of the physician.

B. Nursing independently initiates and controls activities related to basic nursing care.

C. It is not necessary to limit nursing activities to nursing care because nurses should be

responsive to all patient needs.

D. All of the above6. Henderson identified 14 components of basic nursing care that reflect needs pertaining to

personal hygiene and healthful living. These components of basic nursing care include all of the

following EXCEPT:

A. Move and maintain desirable postures.

B. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions.

C. Do not involve the patient in decisions of care so that the patient may get better rest.

D. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use

the available health facilities.

7. In 1990 the Sigma Theta Tau (International Honor Society of Nursing) library was named in

honor of which of the following nursing theorists?

A. Nightingale

B. Weidenbach

C. Orlando

D. Henderson

8. Weidenbach, Henderson, and Hall made a significant impact on nursing theory in the 20th

Century because they each:

A. Examined nursing practice and explored nurse–patient interactions.

B. Used nursing practice as the basis for their theory development.

C. Defined ways nursing is thought about, practiced, and research.

D. A & C

E. All of the above9. Lydia Hall drew on her expertise of which of the following practice areas in developing her

Care, Cure, and Core Model?

A. Critical care

B. Pediatrics

C. Rehabilitation

D. Gerontology

10. A significant value of the contributions of Wiedenbach, Henderson, and Hall is that each of

them was concerned with the unique aspects of nursing’s supportive role to physician medical

practice.

A. True

B. False

11. Lydia Hall believed CARE was the sole function of nurses, whereas CORE and CURE were

shared with other members of the health team.

A. True

B. FalseChapter 5: Twentieth-Century Nursing Case Study: Ernestine Weidenbach, Virginia Henderson,

and Lydia Hall’s Contributions to Nursing Theory and Their Use in Practice

Instruction: Read the case study and answer the questions that follow.

Janice went to see her urologist because she was experiencing burning when she urinated. She

felt an urgent need to go and frequently ran to the bathroom only to discover her bladder held

very little fluid. The morning of her appointment, Janice saw blood in her urine. She was

becoming increasingly uncomfortable and anxious. When she arrived at the doctor’s office, the

nurse spoke with her about how she was feeling and the symptoms she was experiencing. While

waiting for the doctor, Janice shared with the nurse that her mother had died at the age of 50

from complications of bladder cancer and that she was afraid she was genetically programmed to

die young from the same type of cancer.

1. Weidenbach guides us to explore each patient‘s unique perception of his or her condition or

situation. What is the unique way in which Janice perceives her bladder problems?

2. From Henderson’s perspective, how might the nurse address Janice’s anxiety?

3. Develop a plan of care for Janice from the perspective of Weidenbach, Henderson, and/or

Hall.

Guided Response (Answer) for Instructors:

1. For Weidenbach, the focus of practice is the experiencing individual, that is, the individual for

whom the nurse is caring, and the way he and only he perceived his condition or situation.

2. Henderson conceptualized the nurse as a substitute for the patient’s lack of necessary will,

strength, or knowledge to attain good health and to complete or make the patient whole.3. Hall believed during the rehabilitation phase of an illness experience, professional nurses were

the best prepared to foster the rehabilitation process, decrease complications and recurrences, and

promote health and prevent new illnesses.

4. Encourage students to compare and contrast questions each theory might guide the nurse to

ask.

Weidenbach: Compare situations identifying where there are differences, assist the patient to

articulate concerns discuss genetic links to bladder cancer with the doctor, and provide education

regarding common causes of the symptoms the patient is experiencing.

Henderson: Review 14 components of basic nursing care. The components Eat and Drink

adequately and Eliminate body wastes are particularly relevant in this case study.

Hall: How might the nurse help Janice prevent complications and promote healing?