Natural Hazards Earths Processes as Hazards Disasters 3rd Edition Canadian Edition By Edward A. Keller – Test Bank

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Natural Hazards, 3e (Keller)

Chapter 5   Volcanoes

1) On which of the following plate boundaries are volcanoes not typically found?

A) Mid-Ocean Ridges

B) Continental Rifts

C) Subduction Zones

D) Transform Faults

E) Volcanoes are found on all plate boundaries

Answer:  D

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

2) What is the difference between magma and lava?

A) Magma is molten rock, Lava is hot rock and water

B) Magma is black, Lava is red

C) Magma is found below the surface, Lava is found on the surface

D) Magma is found on the ocean floor, Lava is found on land surface

E) There is no difference between lava and magma

Answer:  C

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

3) Why are so many volcanoes found on the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean?

A) Many hot spots are found there.

B) Many subduction zones are found there

C) The Pacific Ocean is very hot, causing rock to melt

D) The climate is hot there, causing more volcanoes

E) The seafloor is spreading there

Answer:  B

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

4) Which of the following is true about Magma?

A) Most magmas come from the asthenosphere

B) Some magma comes from rocks melted through decompression

C) Chemical compounds can decrease the melting point of rock causing magma

D) Some rocks are melted from magma that is on the rise

E) All of the above are true of magma

Answer:  E

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

5) Which of the following lists magma types in order of increasing viscosity(least viscous first)?

A) Basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

B) Basaltic, rhyolitic, andesitic

C) Rhyolitic, basaltic, andesitic

D) Rhyolitic, andesitic, basaltic

E) Andesitic, rhyolitic, basaltic

Answer:  A

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

6) Which of the following magma types will flow the fastest?

A) Basaltic

B) Andesitic

C) Rhyolitic

D) White

E) All lava flows the same

Answer:  A

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

7) Which type of magma typically results in the greatest explosive events?

A) Basaltic

B) Andesitic

C) Rhyolitic

D) Pahoehoe

E) A’A’

Answer:  C

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

8) What is a volatile?

A) Projectiles fired from the volcano

B) Irritants like ash that can make the volcano erupt

C) Mud and lava that is extruded from the volcano

D) Silicate minerals in the magma

E) Gases trapped in the magma

Answer:  E

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

9) Where does tephra come from?

A) It is formed from cooled lava

B) It is inside the volcano and thrown out during an eruption

C) It is broken pieces of the rock that makes up the volcano

D) It is ash that has settled around the volcano from a previous explosion

E) All of the above are true of tephra

Answer:  A

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

10) Which volcano type is the most highly explosive?

A) Shield volcano

B) Composite volcano

C) Volcanic Dome

D) Cinder Cone

E) Marine volcano

Answer:  C

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

11) Which volcano type is composed mostly of tephra?

A) Shield volcano

B) Composite volcano

C) Volcanic Dome

D) Cinder Cone

E) Volcanic Sill

Answer:  D

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

12) Mauna Loa in Hawaii is an example of which type of volcano?

A) Shield volcano

B) Composite volcano

C) Volcanic Dome

D) Cinder Cone

E) Stratovolcano

Answer:  A

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

13) Mt. St. Helens in Washington is an example of which type of volcano?

A) Shield volcano

B) Composite volcano

C) Volcanic Dome

D) Cinder Cone

E) Volcanic Neck

Answer:  B

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

14) If you see a volcano that has gentle slopes and very large, what kind of volcano is it and what is it made from?

A) Shield volcano; made mostly from lava flows.

B) Shield volcano; made mostly from tephra.

C) Composite volcano, made mostly from lava flows.

D) Composite volcano, made mostly from a combination of lava flows and tephra.

E) Cinder cone volcano, made mostly from tephra.

Answer:  A

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

15) Why are composite volcanoes dangerous?

A) They are associated with higher viscosity magma.

B) They have dormant periods between eruptions.

C) They produce a lot of pyroclastic materials.

D) They erupt gasses and ash into the atmosphere.

E) All of the above are reasons why composite volcanoes are dangerous.

Answer:  E

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

16) Why do Cinder Cone volcanoes have steep slopes?

A) They are made from lava flows that pile up steeply.

B) They are found near other volcanoes which crowds their ability to spread out.

C) They are made mostly from water and ash that hardens into steep cones.

D) They are made from pyroclastic materials that pile up near where they were emitted.

E) They are made from very thick magma that doesn’t flow outward much.

Answer:  D

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

17) What is the difference between a crater and a caldera?

A) Craters can only be formed from asteroid impacts

B) Calderas are bigger than craters

C) Craters are bigger than calderas

D) Craters are calderas found on the moon

E) Calderas can only be formed from asteroid impacts

Answer:  B

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

18) Which describes how a geyser erupts?

A) Gas in magma is released and pushes groundwater up through a volcano vent.

B) The air becomes cool at night and hot groundwater is pulled into the cool air.

C) Hot rocks heat groundwater, it boils, expands and pushes through openings in the ground.

D) Groundwater heats underground rocks, it cools, expands and pushes through openings in the ground.

E) Before volcanoes erupt, magma pushes groundwater out and up through openings in the ground.

Answer:  C

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

19) Which of the following is not true of caldera eruptions?

A) Caldera eruptions are extremely violent in nature

B) Caldera eruptions are very rare

C) Caldera eruptions erupt enough ash to potentially alter global climates

D) There have not been any caldera eruptions in the time of humans

E) Caldera eruptions have occurred in the United States in geologic history

Answer:  D

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

20) Where is the majority of lava extruded?

A) At subduction zones

B) At hot spots

C) At divergent boundaries

D) At transform fault boundaries

E) At convergent boundaries

Answer:  C

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

21) At which plate boundary is more viscous lava found?

A) Oceanic hot spots

B) Oceanic subduction zones

C) Oceanic divergent plate boundaries

D) Continental rift zones

E) Shield volcanoes on the ocean floor

Answer:  B

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

22) In which two environments are shield volcanoes found?

A) Hot spots in the ocean and oceanic subduction zones

B) Hot spots on land and divergent boundaries

C) Divergent boundaries and continental subduction zones

D) Hot spots on land and oceanic subduction zones

E) Hot spots in ocean and divergent boundaries

Answer:  E

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

23) Which of the following would have the most explosive volcanoes?

A) Hot spots in the ocean

B) Hot spots on land

C) Continental rift zones

D) Mid-ocean ridges

E) Subduction zones

Answer:  B

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

24) Which is not a location where volcanoes are found?

A) Alaska

B) Central United States

C) Hawaii

D) Pacific Northwest United States

E) Yellowstone National Park

Answer:  B

Section:  5.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

25) What type of volcano is found in Iceland?

A) Shield Volcanoes

B) Composite Cone

C) Cinder Cone

D) Caldera

E) No volcanoes are found in Iceland

Answer:  A

Section:  5.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

26) Which of the following volcano types are found in the United States?

A) Shield volcanoes

B) Composite Cones

C) Cinder Cones

D) Calderas

E) All of the above are found in the United States

Answer:  E

Section:  5.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

27) How are volcanoes at Hot Spots different from those at Subduction Zones?

A) Hot Spot volcanoes are made from more viscous magma.

B) Hot spot volcanoes are made from magma from the asthenosphere, Subduction zone volcanoes are made from melted ocean plate.

C) Hot spot volcanoes are made from rhyolitic magma, Subduction zone volcanoes are made from basaltic magma.

D) Hot spot volcanoes are always found on the ocean floor, Subduction zone volcanoes are always found on continental plates.

E) Hot spot volcanoes are smaller than volcanoes at subduction zones.

Answer:  B

Section:  5.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

28) About how many volcanic eruptions occur every year?

A) 1000 or more

B) Between 100 and 1000

C) Between 50 and 100

D) Less than 50

E) None. Volcanic eruptions are very rare.

Answer:  C

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

29) In the past 50 years, have there been any deaths attributed to a volcanic eruption?

A) Yes. Thousands of people have died as a result of an eruption.

B) Yes. A few unfortunate people have been killed in eruptions.

C) No. All people were given enough warning and no one has been killed in recent times

D) No. Recent volcanic eruptions have been in remote areas where there were no deaths

E) No. There have been no volcanic eruptions in recent times

Answer:  A

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

30) Where are the majority of the active volcanoes in the United States?

A) Washington, Oregon and California

B) Wyoming and Idaho

C) Hawaii

D) Alaska

E) There are NO active volcanoes in the United States

Answer:  D

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

31) What is the best reason why lava isn’t a threat to human life?

A) Most lava doesn’t move into inhabited areas

B) Lava doesn’t flow very quickly, people can outrun it

C) Lava stays in the volcano and doesn’t flow

D) Lava is not hot enough to kill people, just to burn them

E) Eruptions are easily predicted and people can be kept out of harms way

Answer:  B

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

32) Which of the following volcanic hazards is responsible for the most deaths?

A) Lava flows

B) Ash falls

C) Mud flows

D) Poisonous gasses

E) Pyroclastic flows

Answer:  E

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

33) Where is the best place to be during a pyroclastic flow?

A) In the water 

B) In your house

C) On a hillside

D) In a valley

E) Nowhere is safe during a pyroclastic flow

Answer:  E

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

34) Why is an Ash Fall hazardous?

A) Ash can destroy crops and make the ground unsuitable for planting

B) Ash can contaminate water supplies

C) Ash can accumulate on buildings causing them to collapse

D) Ash can get into jet engines causing them to fail

E) All of the above are hazards of ash falls

Answer:  E

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

35) What is a pyroclastic flow?

A) An avalanche of hot rock, ash and glass fragments

B) A flow of hot ash and water

C) An avalanche of ash and water

D) A flow of lava and rock

E) A flow of lava and water

Answer:  A

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

36) Which of the following gases is the most abundant in a volcanic eruption?

A) Carbon Dioxide

B) Carbon Monoxide

C) Sulfur Dioxide

D) Hydrogen Sulfide

E) Hydrogen

Answer:  A

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

37) How might you escape from a lahar?

A) You could swim to safety in the flow

B) You could outrun the lahar because it is slow

C) You could float in a boat in the lahar

D) You could run up an embankment away from the flow

E) You could walk on top of the flow because it is so thick

Answer:  D

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

38) Many cities around Mt. Rainier are built on old lahars. What might people in these areas expect in an eruption?

A) Their homes will probably be destroyed by a new lahar

B) Their homes will be safe because new lahars will go elsewhere

C) Their homes will probably be safe because homes are built to withstand lahars

D) Their homes will probably have some flooding damage

E) They will have a greater risk from the lava flow

Answer:  A

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

39) Which of following effects might an area see even if the volcano does not actually erupt?

A) Lahars and Pyroclastic Flows

B) Lahars and Ash falls

C) Landslides and Poisonous gases

D) Landslides and Pyroclastic Flows

E) Lava Flows and Poisonous gases

Answer:  C

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

40) Which of the following was not a hazard associated with the explosion of Mt. St. Helens?

A) Landslide

B) Mudslide

C) Ash fall

D) Pyroclastic Flow

E) All of the above were associated with Mt. St. Helens.

Answer:  E

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

41) How do volcanoes contribute to climate change?

A) Volcanoes release hot air into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

B) Lava from volcanoes heats up the air in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

C) Lava cools into black rock that absorbs heat from the atmosphere, heating up the earth itself.

D) Volcanoes release CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

E) Ash coats the earth’s surface, trapping heat and heating up the earth itself.

Answer:  D

Section:  5.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

42) Which of the following natural hazards are not caused by volcanoes?

A) Climate change

B) Landslides

C) Fire

D) Tsunami

E) All of the above are caused by volcanoes

Answer:  E

Section:  5.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

43) Why are volcanoes beneficial to the earth and its inhabitants?

A) Volcanic soils have minerals that grow certain types of plants

B) Volcanic deposits include metals and other mineral that are useful for building

C) Volcanoes are beautiful and provide areas for recreation

D) Heat from volcanoes can be harnessed to produce energy

E) All of the above are reasons why volcanoes are beneficial

Answer:  E

Section:  5.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

44) Are humans responsible for volcanic eruptions?

A) Yes. Global warming is a direct cause of volcanic eruptions

B) Yes. More people living on volcanoes causes volcanoes to erupt

C) Yes. More people means less groundwater and that causes volcanoes to erupt

D) No. People are actually keeping volcanoes from erupting

E) No. People do not increase or decrease the volcanic hazard

Answer:  E

Section:  5.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

45) Which of the following is not used to determine whether a volcanic eruption is expected?

A) Earthquake activity increases

B) Groundwater changes in temperature

C) Atmospheric pressure decreases

D) Land surfaces around the volcano may change shape

E) Concentrations of CO2 may change

Answer:  C

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

46) Why do scientists study earthquakes to predict a volcanic eruption?

A) Earthquakes shake magma loose causing it to erupt

B) When magma moves it causes earthquakes

C) Earthquakes break the earth apart causing magma to show at the surface

D) Big earthquakes are always caused by magma erupting

E) Groundwater moves before an eruption, causing earthquakes

Answer:  B

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

47) What do the colors on the aviation color codes mean?

A) They tell the temperature of the lava

B) They tell the severity of the eruption

C) They tell about the expected hazards

D) They tell about watches and warnings

E) They give indications of how clear the sky is

Answer:  D

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

48) Why do people live near volcanoes?

A) They don’t think that they will erupt

B) They don’t have anywhere else to go

C) The soil is good for farming

D) It is their home

E) All of the above are reasons people live near volcanoes

Answer:  E

Section:  5.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

49) If a volcanic eruption was to be predicted for your area, what is the best course of action?

A) Board up your windows and doors

B) Place food and water in the basement and stay there

C) Build a firebreak around your home

D) Build a moat around your home

E) Evacuate

Answer:  E

Section:  5.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

50) Volcanoes are found near plate boundaries because that’s where the magma is located.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

51) Volcanoes associated with high viscosity magma are usually less dangerous than those with more freely flowing magma.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

52) Magma with higher silica content will also have a higher viscosity.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

53) Tephra can come in many different sizes from dust to large size bombs.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

54) Shield volcanoes are the most dangerous volcanoes because they are so big.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Evaluation

55) Mauna Loa in Hawaii is an example of a Shield volcano built over a hot spot.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

56) Composite volcanoes can have a long dormant period in which people can forget that they were ever once active volcanoes.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

57) Caldera eruptions are probably the largest eruptions on earth and are the most rare.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

58) Craters differ from Calderas in that craters are created from a collapse of the volcano top and calderas are formed from an explosion of the volcano top.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

59) There have never been any caldera eruptions in the U.S. and probably won’t be in the future.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

60) There has not been a catastrophic volcanic eruption in the world in recent time (past 10 years).

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

61) If a basaltic lava flow were coming toward you, you could probably outrun it.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

62) Ash is very light weight and therefore is not much of a threat to structures.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

63) Mudflows or Lahars associated with volcanoes do not usually cause much damage in a volcanic eruption and people can outrun them.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

64) Volcanoes can cause tsunamis.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

65) The area around Mt. St. Helens is now safe because the volcano is finished erupting and will stay dormant for the next 200 years.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

66) Because of the alert systems and people’s willingness to heed warnings, no one was killed in the 1980 Mt. St. Helen’s eruption.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

67) The eruption of Mt. St. Helens was an isolated event and didn’t have much impact outside the state of Washington.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

68) Volcanic eruptions can contribute to global warming.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

69) Volcanic soils are often too hot and dry to be of use for agriculture.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

70) Volcanoes can be used to generate power for urban areas near source.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

71) Scientists can use information about earthquakes to determine when a volcano is likely to erupt.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

72) Unfortunately, volcanoes do not give any signs or indications of when they might erupt.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

73) The history of an area’s rocks can give a timeline of past volcanic eruptions.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

74) People have successfully diverted lava flows from populated areas.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  5.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

75) Explain the difference between magma formed at subduction and divergent plate boundaries.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension, Application

76) Explain why Shield volcanoes are shaped the way they are.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

77) Explain what viscosity is and how it affects the shape of a volcano. Give one example to illustrate your point.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

78) Explain what viscosity is and how it affects the eruptive power of a volcano. Give one example to illustrate your point.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

79) Explain what viscosity is and how it affects the effects of a volcano. Give one example to illustrate your point.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

80) Compare the explosion of Mauna Loa to that of Mt. Rainier in terms of the effects from the explosion.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

81) If you could monitor a Cinder Cone explosion from its formation, describe what you might see. 

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

82) Explain clearly where the magma at a Mid-Ocean ridge comes from and describe the volcano type that forms there.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

83) Explain clearly where the magma at a Hot Spot in the ocean comes from and describe the volcano type that forms there.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

84) Explain clearly where the magma at a subduction zone comes from and describe the volcano type that forms there.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

85) Explain clearly where the magma at a Hot Spot under a continent comes from and describe the volcano type that forms there.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Application

86) Most volcanoes are around the “Ring of Fire”. Explain why they are there and what kind of volcanoes form there. What kind of explosions occur here?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

87) Explain the difference between a lava flow, a lahar and a pyroclastic flow. Which would be the most dangerous in an eruption and why?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

88) Describe the hazards associated with an ash fall.

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

89) What are the main activities involved in forecasting a volcano?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

90) Hilo, Hawaii is near one of the largest volcanoes, Mauna Loa. If you were put in charge of education for the city of Hilo, what hazards would you alert people of in the case of Mauna Loa? In addition, what type of warning systems would you put in place and what would you tell people to do in case of a potential hazard?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension, Analysis, Evaluation

91) Seattle, Washington is near the active volcano, Mt. Rainier. If you were put in charge of education for the city of Seattle, what hazards would you alert people of in the case of Mt. Rainier? In addition, what type of warning systems would you put in place and what would you tell people to do in case of a potential hazard?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension, Analysis, Evaluation

92) An eruption of the Long Valley or Yellowstone volcanoes could have catastrophic consequences for the entire globe. Explain how an eruption might affect most of the United States and how it might affect the planet. Is it possible to prepare for an eruption of this magnitude? How? Why not?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension, Analysis, Evaluation

93) In general, people do not have an effect on the volcano hazard. This being the case, what can scientists, governments and individuals do to prepare for volcanic eruptions?

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension, Analysis, Evaluation